2018-2019學(xué)年英語(yǔ)新導(dǎo)學(xué)浙江專(zhuān)用選修七講義：Unit 3-Period Three

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專(zhuān)精PeriodThreeGrammar-RevisethePassiveVoice（Ⅱ)(includingthe。ingform)課文原句感知1．Aswedrewcloser，Icouldseeawhalebeingattacked（attack）byapackofaboutsixotherkillers.2．Beingbadlywounded(wound),thewhalesoondied。3．FromJames’sface,Icouldseehewasterrifiedofbeingabandoned(abandon)byus。4．Whenweapproachedhim，IsawJamesbeingfirmlyheld(hold）upinthewaterbyOldTom。動(dòng)詞.ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞兩種形式，因而其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)也有這兩種形式.從時(shí)態(tài)上講，動(dòng)詞。ing形式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有一般時(shí)和完成時(shí)兩種，即beingdone和havingbeendone.動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式在句中可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式在句中可作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。一、結(jié)構(gòu)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般時(shí)writingbeingwritten完成時(shí)havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten二、意義1．一般時(shí)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Sheinsistedonbeinggiventhehardestwork。她堅(jiān)持被派給最艱苦的工作.2．完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前.Iappreciatedhavingbeengiventhechancetostudyabroadtwoyearsago。我非常感謝兩年前獲得了去國(guó)外學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。三、用法1．作主語(yǔ)Beinglaughedatinpublicisaterribleexperience。在公共場(chǎng)合被嘲笑是一次非常不愉快的經(jīng)歷。2．作賓語(yǔ)IforgetoncebeingtakentotheseawhenIwasyoung.我忘了小時(shí)候曾被帶到海邊.注意：(1)表示“需要(want，need,require）"的主語(yǔ)通常是物,用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)時(shí)，也可改為不定式的被動(dòng)式.Thissentenceneedsimproving.＝Thissentenceneedstobeimproved.這個(gè)句子需要改善.(2）beworth后常跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。Ifathingisworthdoing，itisworthdoingwell.如果一件事情值得做，就值得做好。（3）動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，要在v.。ing形式之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格（整個(gè)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用人稱(chēng)代詞賓格代替物主代詞,名詞普通格代替名詞所有格)。其中物主代詞(名詞所有格）是v.。ing形式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)。I’mverypleasedatyou/yourhavingbeenhonouredwithamedal。我很高興你能榮獲一枚獎(jiǎng)牌。3．作表語(yǔ)Whatmadehisparentshappywashisbeingadmittedtoafamousuniversity。讓他父母高興的是他被一所名牌大學(xué)錄取了。4．作定語(yǔ)Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant?，F(xiàn)在正在召開(kāi)的會(huì)議非常重要。注意：動(dòng)詞.ing形式的被動(dòng)形式表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生;不定式的被動(dòng)式表示將來(lái)的一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作.ameetingbeingheldnow現(xiàn)在正在舉行的會(huì)議ameetingheldyesterday昨天舉行的會(huì)議ameetingtobeheldtomorrow明天將會(huì)舉行的會(huì)議5．作賓補(bǔ)Heoftenwatchestheboatsbeingunloaded.他常?？吹捷喆敦?。6．作狀語(yǔ)Beingaskedtogiveaperformance，shecouldn’tverywellrefuse。有人請(qǐng)她表演一個(gè)節(jié)目，她不好拒絕.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Listeningtomusicathomeisonething，goingtohearitbeingperformed(perform)liveisquiteanother。(2015·浙江)2．Thefilmstarwearssunglasses。Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized（recognize）．(2014·北京)3．Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandbeingreduced（reduce）toruins,thecitytookonanewlook.(2013·江蘇）4．ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrombeingattacked（attack）intheSouthChinaSea.（2012·福建）5．Havingbeenasked（ask）toworkovertimethatevening，Imissedawonderfulfilm.(2012·重慶）Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Itmakesmesicktoseeherbeingtreated(treat）sobadly。2．Listen！Thepoembeingrecited（recite)isverypopularwiththestudents.3．Beingpunished(punish）bythecoachmadeTomunhappy.4．Thelittlegirlisafraidofbeingattacked（attack）bythedogs.5．—Whydidn'tyougotoseetheplay？—Havingbeentold(tell)thewholestory，Idecidednottoseeit。6．Theboyhatedbeinglaughed（laugh）atinpublic.7．Iwasveryangryatnotbeinginvited（invite）totheirweddingparty。8．Thebridgedesigned(design）bythegirlhasattractedalotofvisitors.9．Theartexhibitioniswellworthvisiting（visit)asecondtime。10．Thelibrarywasbeingbuilt（build）lastOctober。I’mnotsureifitiscompletednow.Ⅱ.完成句子11．我看到那個(gè)人正被警察帶走。Isawthemanbeingtakenawaybythepolice.12．這個(gè)問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)未得到解決.Thequestionisfarfrombeingsettled.13．客人們參觀完了實(shí)驗(yàn)室后又被帶去看圖書(shū)館。Havingbeenshownaroundthelab，theguestsweretakentoseethelibrary。14．這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要仔細(xì)研究。Thisproblemrequiresstudying/tobestudiedwithgreatcare.15．在會(huì)議上正在被討論的話(huà)題是關(guān)于教育的.Thetopicbeingdiscussednowatthemeetingisabouteducation。Ⅲ。語(yǔ)法填空Ourmodernlifeischangingoureatinghabits.We16。arespending（spend)toomuchtimeinfrontofTVorcomputersandbecoming“couchpotatoes"or“mousepotatoes”。Wealsoeattoomuchjunkfoodandwedon’tgetenoughexercise。Thefoodswefindinthesupermarketaresometimesnot17.beneficial（benefit）tous，anditisdifficulttoknow18。exactly(exact）whatweareeatingwhenwebuyready.madeorpre-prepareddishes。19。Considering（consider)thissituation，itisbecoming20。more(much)importantthanevertomakesurethatwekeepahealthydiet.Ahealthydietgivesusthecaloriesweneedanddon’tcontaintoomuchfat.Thenumberofcaloriesweneed21。varies(vary）dependingonwhatkindofbodywehave（areweshort，tall，heavyetc.）and22。howactiveweare。Qualityfood，orhealthyfood，hebestway。Junkfood,ontheotherhand，givesusfewcaloriesandlotsoffatandsugar。Ifweeattoomuchfatandsugar,we24。willput(put)onweighteasily.Inordertoliveahappyandlonglife,weshouldkeep25.abalanceddiet。Ⅰ。閱讀理解（2017·湖北武漢二中高二期中）TheTVscience。fictionseriesStarTreknolongerlookedfar。fetched(牽強(qiáng)的)asfourmenandfourwomeninblackspacesuitslockedthemselvesintoagianthi。techgreenhouse，knownasa“biosphere”，intheArizonadesertyesterdayforatwo.yearstudyoftheenvironment。AsdawnbrokeovertheSantaCatalinamountains，theeightwavedgoodbyetotelevisioncameras.EdwardRoss，theirmultibillionairesponsorfromaTexasoilfamily,closedthedoorofthe150millionstructure，withitsmini-ocean，marsh,desert，savanna，rainforestand3，800plantandanimalspeciesdesignedtoallowtheteamtorecreatetheEarthanditsecosystems.Theso。calledBiosphere2isthelatestoneofadozenenvironmentalprojectsstartedbytheself。titled“ecopreneur”．Theproject’smainaimistosetupaself。sustainingcommunityforpossibleuseinaspaceshiporonanotherplanet.Thecrewmembersmustplant，harvestandprocesstheirfoodonahalf。acrefarmintheseven。storeyglassandmetalstructure，whileconductingaseriesofexperiments.“Wewillbecustodians(監(jiān)護(hù)人）ofournewlittleworld，”saidAbigailMayer，aged31，aUSmarinebiologistontheteam，hervoicechokingwithemotion.“Itisabravenewstep.”Manyscientists，however，aremorethanskeptical.Theypointoutthatthelargestclosedecosystemwhichsurvivedmorethanafewdayswassmallerthanafootball.ItwasdevelopedattheUniversityofMiamiandcontainedonlyshrimp，anisms。CriticshavealsoaccusedMrRossofbeingmoreinterestedinproducingaprofitablethemeparkthanincarryingoutseriousscientificresearch.Hundredsoftouristsvisitedthesitedailyinsummerbeforeitwasoccupiedbytheteam。Theypaid9.95toenterandallstoppedatthesouvenirshop。語(yǔ)篇解讀本文介紹了一個(gè)八人團(tuán)隊(duì)在一個(gè)模擬的封閉的生物圈，進(jìn)行與環(huán)境有關(guān)的一些實(shí)驗(yàn)。以及對(duì)此不同的科學(xué)家發(fā)表的不同的觀點(diǎn)。1．What’sthelocationoftheproject?A．Texas. B．UniversityofMiami。C．Arizonadesert. D．Thespace.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段中的“..。intheArizonadesertyesterdayforatwo.yearstudyoftheenvironment.”可知選C項(xiàng)。2．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage？A．ThereisasceneinStarTrekwherefourmenandfourwomenlockedthemselvesintoagiantgreenhouse.B．AllthespeciesofplantsandanimalsontheEarthwerebroughtintothegreenhouse.C．MrRossmadetouristsstopatthesouvenirshoptogainprofits。D．Manyscientistsaredoubtfulwhetherthissystemcanlastlongenough.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Manyscientists，however，aremorethanskeptical。Theypointoutthatthelargestclosedecosystemwhichsurvivedmorethanafewdayswassmallerthanafootball."，尤其是skeptical一詞可知，D項(xiàng)正確。3．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheproject？A．Critical。 B．Neutral.C．Skeptical。 D．Supportive。答案B解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本文作者只是簡(jiǎn)單陳述這件事以及各方的態(tài)度，并沒(méi)有表明自己的態(tài)度。故選B項(xiàng)(中立的）。Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·陜西安康高二期中）WhenIwasinthefirstgrade,doctorsfoundacancerinmyhead。Itchangedmy4。Afteranoperation，Ispentawholeyeargettingtreatment。The5medicinethatcuredthecancermademystomachhurt。Oneday，whenIfoundoutaprogramthattrainsdogstobefriendswithpeople,I6myparentstoletmehaveone.Theyknewithadbeena（n）7yearformeandtheysaidyes。Iwasreallyhappy，butIdidn’t8thatmylifewasabouttochangeagain。Wewenttovisitafewdogstoseeifanyseemed9forme.Wewentoutsidetoplaywiththem，andIfoundtherewas10magicalaboutonedog.Insteadofrunningaroundandplayingliketheotherdogs，Cocojust11withmeonthegrass。SinceIfeltso12，takingarestwasallIwantedtodo.Cocoseemedto13it。Rightthen,IstartedtofeelbetterwithCocosittingnexttome。Iknewshewastherightdog，andshecamehomewithus。Cocowas14thereformeandwiththehelpofher15，mycancerwascured.ThatwaswhenIrealizedthatI16tohelpsomeoneelsegetadoglikeCoco。I17thatifIcoulddothat，anotherkidwithcancercouldstarttofeelbetter,too.Ineededto18enoughmoneyforone19dog。Isoldhome.madedogbiscuitsandafterasummerofsales,Ihadenoughmoneytopayfora(n)20.Myfirstadopteddog，LuckyBug，wenttoKrysta，whohadlostmostofher21whenshegotcancer。Shecouldn’tseethedog，22shecouldgettoknowhimbytouchingandsmellinghim。I23cancer，andIknewLuckyBugwouldhelpKrystathewayCocohadhelpedme.語(yǔ)篇解讀文章主要講述了作者在治療癌癥的過(guò)程中感覺(jué)痛苦艱難，但在小狗Coco的陪伴下作者的癌癥治愈了,所以作者想為其他像自己一樣得癌癥的小朋友也尋找這樣的小狗去陪伴他們，讓他們也能很快地好起來(lái)。4．A.habits B．hobbiesC．character D．life答案D解析根據(jù)本段最后一句中的“mylifewasabouttochangeagain"及下文內(nèi)容可知，癌癥改變了作者的生活。故選D。5．A.terrible B．traditionalC．expensive D．efficient答案A解析根據(jù)下文中的“mademystomachhurt”可知，這種藥物很可怕。terrible可怕的，很糟的。故選A。6．A。advised B．beggedC．a(chǎn)llowed D．helped答案B解析有一天,當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)訓(xùn)練狗和人交朋友的節(jié)目時(shí)，我懇求我的父母給我買(mǎi)一條小狗。由下文中的“andtheysaidyes”可知作者是懇求父母。beg懇求，乞求.故選B。7．A.strange B．toughC．new D．exciting答案B解析根據(jù)上文中的“Ispentawholeyeargettingtreatment”可知作者經(jīng)歷的這一年比較艱難.tough艱難的。故選B。8．A.believe B．rememberC．realize D．understand答案C解析我真的很高興,但我沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我的生活即將再次改變.realize意識(shí)到。故選C。9．A.beautiful B．friendlyC．right D．gentle答案C解析根據(jù)下文中的“Iknewshewastherightdog”可知,作者想找一只適合自己的狗。right正確的，合適的。故選C.10．A.everything B．somethingC．a(chǎn)nything D．nothing答案B解析由下文Coco與其他狗的不同可知，作者覺(jué)得Coco身上有些東西很神奇。something某事，某物，故選B。11．A.played B．layC．ran D．sat答案D解析根據(jù)下文中的“IstartedtofeelbetterwithCocosittingnexttome”可知，Coco沒(méi)有和其他狗一起奔跑玩耍,而是坐在作者身旁.故選D.12．A.sick B．sadC．bored D．lonely答案A解析根據(jù)下文中的“takingarestwasallIwantedtodo”可知，作者總感覺(jué)不舒服。sick生病的，不舒服的，故選A。13．A。enjoy B．senseC．share D．keep答案B解析根據(jù)上文中的“Insteadofrunningaroundandplayingliketheotherdogs，Cocojustwithmeonthegrass.”可知，Coco不像其他的狗一樣到處跑來(lái)跑去，它只是陪我坐在草地上?？赏浦狢oco好像感覺(jué)到作者的不舒服.sense感覺(jué)。故選B.14．A.always B．sometimesC．seldom D．never答案A解析Coco一直陪在我身邊，在她的友誼的幫助下,我的癌癥治愈了。always總是。故選A。15．A.care B．effortC．medicine D．friendship答案D解析句意見(jiàn)上題解析。friendship友誼。故選D.16．A.planned B．preparedC．wanted D．offered答案C解析那時(shí)我意識(shí)到我想幫助別人得到一只像Coco一樣的狗。wanttodosth.想要做某事。故選C.17．A.admitted B．doubtedC．figured D．discovered答案C解析作者在小狗的陪伴下，身體感覺(jué)好多了，并最終克服了癌癥，所以作者認(rèn)為其他患癌癥的孩子在有小狗的陪伴下也會(huì)開(kāi)始好起來(lái)。figure認(rèn)為.故選C.18．A.borrow B．raiseC．save D．receive答案B解析我需要籌集足夠的錢(qián)去買(mǎi)一只受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的狗.raise籌集。故選B。19．A。abandoned B．trainedC．cured D．lost答案B解析句意見(jiàn)上題解析。trained訓(xùn)練過(guò)的。故選B.20．A。adoption B．treatmentC．project D．biscuit答案A解析根據(jù)下文中的“Myfirstadopteddog”可知選A。21．A。patience B．energyC．eyesight D．hearing答案C解析根據(jù)下文中的“Shecouldn’tseethedog”可知，女孩幾乎失明了。eyesight視力。故選C。22．A。as B．orC．if D．but答案D解析她看不見(jiàn)那只狗，但她可以通過(guò)觸摸和聞它來(lái)了解它。前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，根據(jù)題意可知選D.23．A。forgot B．survivedC．ignored D．hated答案B解析根據(jù)上文中的“mycancerwascured”可知，我挺過(guò)了癌癥.survive幸存,挺過(guò)。故選B。Ⅲ。語(yǔ)法填空（2018·嘉興一中高二期中）Twenty.fiveyearsago，mostyoungBritonswantedacareerinlaw，tobeadoctor，ortotake24.upsinging.Buttoday,thingsstanddifferently。Accordingtoasurvey，the“dreamjob"ofyoungpeopleaged25.between16and25intheUKisavideoblogger，or“vlogger"(視頻博主)．Thesurvey，26。carried(carry)outamong1,002people，foundthatasmuchas40percentofthemputvlogger27.astheirnumberonechoiceonalistofidealcareers.Thesinglefactor28.contributing（contribute）tothischangeisundoubtedlytheInternetandsocialmedia。Theyhavemadeitsomuch29。easier（easy）toreachaglobalaudience，withouthavingtoenteracareerinshowbusinessinthetraditionalway.Vloggersarethebigstarsoftoday.30。However，whatpeopleseeisonlythebrightsideofbeingavloggerandtheyignorethefactthatonlythosewhoaresuccessfulgainfameandfortune。Therearethedreamsthatcometrueandthedreamsthataretoremaindreams.Thisis31。whydespitethepopularityofvloggers,someyoungpeoplechoosetofollowcareersthatdon't32。necessarily（necessary)earnthemfame，butallowthemtomakegooduseoftheInternet33。toshare(share)theirhobbies。Ⅳ。概要寫(xiě)作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。IfyoubumpintoaBritoninthestreet，chancesarethatheorshewillapologizeregardlessofwhetherornotheorsheisresponsible。AstheBBCnoted，“ItseemsthatBritainisdevelopingareputationasanationofsorry-sayers?！盩heaverageBritonsayssorryaroundeighttimesperday—andoneineightpeopleapologizesupto20timesaday,accordingtoanarticlereleasedbytheBBC.Asyoumayhaveexpected，theBritishapologizemorefrequentlythanmembersofothercultures.LastyearapolldonebyYouGov，aUKresearchfirm，showedthatapproximately15Britishpeoplewouldsay“sorry”forevery10peoplefromtheUSiftheysneezedorifsomeonecrashedintothem。Yes，traditionally“sorry”wasusedtoexpressregretandsadnessforhavingdonesomethingwrong.ButnowBritonsusetheexpressionasawayof