氨的反復(fù)變色噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)新設(shè)計(jì)【精品-】

氨的反復(fù)變色噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)新設(shè)計(jì)

一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?/p>

1.激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣，活潑學(xué)生思維，提高學(xué)生設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的能力。2.研討氨的噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)的教學(xué)方法。

二、實(shí)驗(yàn)用品

20×200mm硬質(zhì)試管1支，酒精燈1盞，鐵架臺(tái)(附鐵夾和鐵圈)1付，500mL圓底燒瓶1只，500mL礦泉水塑料瓶(或洗滌劑塑料瓶)2只，止水夾3只，Y型管1支，帶單孔橡皮塞的尖嘴玻璃導(dǎo)管1支，帶單孔橡皮塞的直導(dǎo)管2支；NH4Cl晶體，Ca(OH)2粉未，3%CuSO4溶液，1%酚酞試液，紅色石蕊試紙。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理

2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2==2NH3↑+H2O+CaCl2NH3+H2O==NH3?H2O==NH4++OH-2CuSO4+2NH3?H2O==(NH4)2SO4+Cu2(OH)2SO4↓Cu2(OH)2SO4+8NH3==2[Cu(NH3)4]2++SO42-+2OH-CuSO4+H2O==Cu(OH)2+H2SO42NH3?H2O+H2SO4==(NH4)2SO4+2H2O四、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟

圖氨的反復(fù)變色噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置1、酚酞溶液2、3%CuSO4溶液3、小孔4、氨氣a、b、c為止水夾

1.用向下排氣法收集一燒瓶干燥的氨氣，然后塞緊帶尖嘴玻璃導(dǎo)管的橡皮塞。

2.將10滴1%酚酞試液滴入礦泉水塑料瓶里，再加入約300mL自來(lái)水，并振蕩、混合均勻。再向另一礦泉水塑料瓶里加入約300mL3%CuSO4溶液。

3.按圖所示連接圓底燒瓶和礦泉水塑料瓶。

4.實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始時(shí)，打開(kāi)止水夾a和b，用拇指堵住盛放酚酞溶液的礦泉水塑料瓶上部的小孔，并擠壓出數(shù)滴溶液進(jìn)入圓底燒瓶?jī)?nèi)，立即松開(kāi)手，可見(jiàn)圓底燒瓶?jī)?nèi)產(chǎn)生紅色噴泉。

圖氨的反復(fù)變色噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置1、酚酞溶液2、3%CuSO4溶液3、小孔4、氨氣a、b、c為止水夾

5.當(dāng)圓底燒瓶?jī)?nèi)約有1/4體積的紅色溶液時(shí)，關(guān)閉止水夾b，同時(shí)打開(kāi)止水夾c，立即見(jiàn)到藍(lán)色噴泉產(chǎn)生,仔細(xì)觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象。

6.當(dāng)圓底澆瓶?jī)?nèi)有約3/4體積的混合液時(shí)，再打開(kāi)止水夾b,同時(shí)關(guān)閉止水夾c，可見(jiàn)無(wú)色噴泉產(chǎn)生(瓶?jī)?nèi)氨氣基本反應(yīng)完全)，直到圓底燒瓶?jī)?nèi)溶液近滿時(shí)，噴泉才停止。圖氨的反復(fù)變色噴泉實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置1、酚酞溶液2、3%CuSO4溶液3、小孔4、氨氣a、b、c為止水夾五、注意事項(xiàng)

1.實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置氣密性要好。特別是單孔橡皮塞要與圓底燒瓶口配套、塞緊、不漏氣。

2.圓底燒瓶?jī)?nèi)部要干燥；收集的氨氣應(yīng)干燥而充滿瓶中。

3.尖嘴玻璃導(dǎo)管口徑大小應(yīng)適中，以2mm左右為宜，可維持噴泉有一定時(shí)間。每個(gè)礦泉水塑料瓶上部都應(yīng)打一口徑適中的小孔。否則，溶液噴不上去。

4.硫酸銅溶液的濃度不宜過(guò)大。否則，既浪費(fèi)試劑又使燒瓶里的溶液顏色變化不易調(diào)控。

5.控制溶液先后噴入順序和噴入量，可產(chǎn)生不同顏色層次的噴泉現(xiàn)象。如先擠入硫酸溶液時(shí)，將會(huì)先產(chǎn)生深藍(lán)色噴泉。

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