最終版非謂語課件(三個課時系統(tǒng)講解加同步習(xí)題)

非謂語動詞非謂語動詞在語法填空中,每年必考，且每年一個小題。盡管到目前為止,雖然只涉及到非謂語動詞作狀語和作賓補(bǔ)兩種用法,但復(fù)習(xí)時,非謂語動詞作定語、作主語和作賓語也不可忽視。非謂語不定式（todo)V-ingV-ed現(xiàn)在分詞/動名詞過去分詞非謂語動詞的分類熟讀深思指出下列句中不定式所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?并注意常用的不定式有哪幾種形式。Heseemedtobesleeping.他好象在睡覺。2.Thereareallkindsofdifficultiestobeovercome.有各種各樣的困難要克服。動詞不定式(theinfinitive)定語表語3.I’dliketomakeasuggestion.我想提一個建議。4.Itisofgreatbenefitforallofustodomorningexerciseseveryday.每天做早操對我們大家都有益。5.Hefeelsitadutytohelpthedisabled.他感到有義務(wù)幫助殘疾人。真正賓語賓語真正主語6.IoftenhearhersinginEnglish.(比較：SheisoftenheardtosinginEnglish.)我經(jīng)常聽到她唱英語歌。7.Maryoftengoesbacktoherhometowntovisithergrandparents.瑪麗常常回家鄉(xiāng)看望他的祖父祖母。目的狀語補(bǔ)語8.I’msogladtoseeyouhere.在這兒見到你真高興。9.Jackwastoobusytohavehishaircut.杰克太忙了,沒時間理發(fā)。結(jié)果狀語原因狀語歸納總結(jié)1.動詞不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)除謂語外的其他各個句子成分；2.動詞不定式通常有以下幾種形式：主動式被動式一般式todo⑴___________完成式⑵___________tohavebeendone進(jìn)行式⑶___________tobedoingtobedonetohavedone熟讀深思熟讀以下各句,注意劃線部分,并思考：△動詞-ing有哪幾種形式？△動詞-ing在句中可作哪些成分？△動詞-ing形式像謂語動詞一樣可以帶賓語或狀語嗎？動詞的–ing形式Learningisimportanttomodernlife.學(xué)習(xí)對現(xiàn)代生活很重要。2.Theproblemisquitepuzzling.這個問題令人困惑。3.Isuggestdoingitinadifferentway.我建議用另一種方法做這件事。4.TheTVsetneedsrepairing.這臺電視機(jī)需要修理。

5.Iheardofhishavingbeenchosentobecoachoftheteam.我聽說他被選為球隊(duì)的教練。6.Thequestionbeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.現(xiàn)在正在討論的問題很重要。7.Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.他們有說有笑地走出教室。8.Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.我覺得我的心在猛烈地跳動。9.Hisnotcomingmadeeveryonepresentverydisappointed.他沒來使在場的每個人都很失望。動詞的-ing形式有以下特征：歸納總結(jié)1.動詞-ing的構(gòu)成形式：主動被動一般式完成式doingbeing

donehaving

donehaving

been

done2.動詞的-ing形式具有動詞的特征,同時又具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此,它在句中可以作主語、___語、___語、___語、_______語和狀語。3.否定形式：________________賓語補(bǔ)足表賓定not+V-ing形式。熟讀深思熟讀下列各句,體會動詞-ed形式的用法。Hearingthenews,helookeddisappointed.聽到這個消息,他看起來很失望。2.Thebossfeltsatisfiedwithherperformance.老板對她的表現(xiàn)很滿意。動詞的-ed形式3.Allthebrokendeskshavebeenrepaired.所有弄壞了的桌子都已修好了。4.Wehavereadmanynovelswrittenbythisauthor.我們已讀了這個作者寫的很多部小說。5.Confusedbytheproblem,hedecidedtoturntohisteacherforhelp.對這個問題感到困惑,他決定向老師求助。6.Seenfromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.從頂上看,體育館好像一個鳥巢。7.IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。8.Petergothisbadtoothpulledoutinthehospital.彼得在醫(yī)院把壞牙拔了。歸納總結(jié)1.動詞的-ed形式一般表示被動或完成,在句中可作_____________________________等。2.所謂表示被動,就是過去分詞與其邏輯主語有________關(guān)系表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語被動

一、不定式與動名詞做主語一、不定式與動名詞做主語：

1.動名詞做主語往往表示______________行為;不定式做主語常表示_____________的行為e.g.___________(climb)mountainsisgreatfun._____________(vist)Chinaismynextgoal.2.不定式做主語，一般用__當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。e.g.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutes_______(finish)thejob.3.動名詞作主語有時用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句尾。常見于以下句型中：_____________________________________________e.gIt’snouse____________(complain).

辨析幾類情況：泛指的、一般的具體ClimbingTovisitittofinishIt’snouse/fun/useless/plaining1.________(learn)alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.2.Itisnotalwayseasy________(refuse)invitations.3.How__________(solve)theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.4.Itisnogood__________(smoke).Youshouldgiveitup. 5.It__________forty-fiveminutes__________therebybus.A.cost,toget B.takes,gettingC.takes,toget D.takes,togettoLearningtorefusetosolvesmoking

二、不定式與動名詞做賓語

1.只能接不定式作賓語的動詞口訣：決定想做計(jì)劃需要做的事同意能做被用來做的事迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事決定想做計(jì)劃需要做的事決定做某事想做某事計(jì)劃做某需要做某事decidetodosth.want/wouldliketodosth.plantodosth.needtodosth.同意能做被用來做的事同意做某事能做某事被用來做agreetodosth.affordtodobeusedtodo迫不及待下決心做過去常常未能做的事迫不及待地要做某事下決心做某事過去常常做某事未能做某事can’twaittodomakeupone’smindtodousedtodofailtodo2.只能接-ing作賓語的動詞口訣：

喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)

錯過建議保持介意值得考慮（押韻）喜歡花費(fèi)忙著想象忍不住想要結(jié)束練習(xí)喜歡做某事花費(fèi)…做某事忙于做…想象…做某事忍不住做某事想要做某事完成做某事練習(xí)做某事

enjoydoingsth.spend...doingsth.bebusydoingsth.imaginesb.doingsth.can'thelpdoingsth.feellikedoingsth.finishdoingsth.practicedoingsth.

錯過做某事建議做某事保持（繼續(xù)）做某事介意做某事值得做某事考慮做某事錯過建議保持介意值得考慮missdoingsth.suggestdoingsth.keep(on)doingsth.minddoingsth.beworthdoingsth.considerdoingsth.3.在表示“需要”的need,want和require等后用-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義,也可用不定式的被動式。Theirnewhouseneeds_________________(paint).painting/tobepainted4.介詞+doing

擅長做某事對做某事感興趣堅(jiān)持做某事被用來做某事謝謝某人做某事厭煩做某事害怕做某事begoodatdoingsthbeinterestedindoingsth.insistondoingbeusedfordoingsth.thanksb.fordoingsth.betiredofdoingsth.beafraidofdoingsth.推遲做某事阻止某人做某事放棄做某事沒有做某事考慮做某事做某事怎么樣?putoffdoingstopsb.fromdoingsth.giveupdoingsth.withoutdoingsth.thinkaboutdoingsth.What∕Howaboutdoing此to非彼to（盼望）（注意）（習(xí)慣于）（更喜歡）（致力于）（做貢獻(xiàn)）lookforwardtodoingsth.payattentiontodoingsth.beusedtodoingsth.preferdoingsthtodoingsth.devotetodoingsthmakeacontributiontodoinga5.既可加不定式又可加現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語的詞tododoingrememberforgerstopgoonlikehatelovetrystartbegin未做已做過兩件事同一件事一次性長期盡力做嘗試做

一樣一樣小試牛刀1.Nowmoreandmorepeoplearebusy_________(learn)abouttheInternet.2.It'stoohot.Wouldyoumind_________(open)thedoor?3.Nomatterhowharditis,we'llkeep_________(try)untilwemakeit.4.Iforgot________(sign)mynamewhenIfinished________(write)thecomposition.5.Shecan’thelp________(clean)thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.tocleanopeningtryingtosignwritinglearning三、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做表語1.表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質(zhì)時，不定式和動名詞可以互換。e.g.Myhobbyiscollecting/tocollectancientcoins.2.若表示具體的動作或有將來含義時，一般用不定式。e.g.Mywishis____________apart-timejobthissummer.tofind3.表示情感的動詞,其-ed形式和-ing形式均可作定語或表語(相當(dāng)于形容詞),動詞-ed形式表示“人感到……的”動詞-ing形式表示“令人……的(事物)”。e.g.Thenewshetoldatthepartywasquite__________.Everyonepresentwastotally___________.(surprise)surprisingsurprised改錯Herwishisbecomeanengineer.become改為tobecome2.Somepeople’sgreatestpleasureisfish.fish改為fishing3.Thereportwassoinspiredthattheywereallexcited.inspired改為inspiring四、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做定語1.不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞______，表示________________________某一動作。e.g.Thetrain________(arrive)isfromLondon．Heisalwaysthefirst________(come)andthelast__________(leave).2.動名詞做定語往往說明所修飾詞的________，e.g.a___________machine洗衣機(jī)a___________room閱覽室后面未發(fā)生或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的用途toarrivereadingtocometoleavewashing序數(shù)詞或最高級后用不定式作定語3.動名詞作定語還可表示________________的動作。過去分詞作定語則表示_________的意義。單個分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的______；分詞短語作定語多置于被修飾詞______，相當(dāng)于一個______________.

e.g.the_______sun正在升起的太陽thesun______________________正從東邊升起的太陽=thesunthat/whichisrisingintheeasta________cup一個破了的杯子acup__________________小明打破的一個杯=acupthat/whichwasbrokenbyXiaoMing主動、正在進(jìn)行被動、完成前面后面定語從句risingbrokenbrokenbyXiaoMingrisingintheeast1.Shesaidshehadaimportantmeeting____________(attend).2.Heisalwaysthefirst__________questions(answer).3.Thefirsttextbooks______(write)forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.4.---"Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?"---"Agroup_______(call)itselftheLeagueforpeace."toattendtoanswerwrittencalling五、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做補(bǔ)足語

1.接不定式(todo)作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞口訣：

請求與命令

想要邀請期待鼓勵與建議__________________

答應(yīng)告誡允許提醒和幫助________________________________ask,tellwant,invite,expect,encourage,advisepromise,warn,allow,remind,help2.有些感官動詞和使役動詞，如___________________________________________________________________________后接省略to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)時，表動作的整個過程（完整性）；接V-ing作賓補(bǔ)時，表正在進(jìn)行（進(jìn)行性）

e.g.Wenoticedhimenterthehouse.Hewasnoticedtoenterthehouse.注意：變成被語態(tài)時，需補(bǔ)充to，且賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ)see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,lookat,listento,let,have,make,keep,get3.形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)足語：e.g.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書非常有趣。Ifindthebookveryinteresting.

=Thebook___________________________isfoundveryinteresting4.當(dāng)非謂語動詞與邏輯主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系時，用過去分詞作補(bǔ)語，說明賓語的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。Thebossfoundhisplan_____________(carryout)successfully.

carriedout牛刀小試1.

Mymotheroftenasksme_____(do)somecleaningonSundays.2.Birdsareseldomheard__________(sing)atnight.3.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething__________(steal).4.Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldnotmakehimself_________(hear).todotosingstolenheard六、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞做狀語不定式做狀語，主要表示______________不定式往往放在系表結(jié)構(gòu)后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。

e.g.Shewassurprised________(see)Jimwalkin.

不定式可以單獨(dú)作目的狀語，有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，在不定式前可以加上_____________。

e.g.______________________(success),onemustfirstofallbelieveinhimself.tosee(Inorder/Soas)tosucceed目的、結(jié)果inorder,soas不定式表結(jié)果，常用在結(jié)構(gòu)__________________中。有時不定式前加上________，表示出人意料的結(jié)果。1.這個男孩足夠大了，可以自己穿衣服了。Theboyisoldenough_______________________.2.他傷心到吃不下飯Heistoosad_______________.3.Wehurriedtothestation,only____________(find)thatthetrainhadleft.too…to,enough…toonlytodresshimselftohavemealstofind在形容詞后作狀語只能用不定式,且用主動形式表示被動含義。如：Ifyouwanttostartreading,findsomebooksthatareeasy________________(read).如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語為動作的承受者時,不定式用被動語態(tài)形式。Wehurriedtothestation,only____________(tell)thatthetrainhadleft.toreadtobetold1.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbeverysorry__________.A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.left

2.Iwenttoseehim__________himout.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.onlyfound

2.現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語可表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、伴隨、方式、目的狀語等。試比較下列兩個句子

e.g.

Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedforjoy.

Havingfinishedhisspeech,heansweredourquestions●現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作狀語，往往表示動作與謂語動詞_____________________?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作時間狀語，往往表示動作_________謂語動詞發(fā)生。同時發(fā)生或相繼發(fā)生先于●作結(jié)果狀語，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分詞短語表示直接造成的結(jié)果。e.g.Thefirelastedawholenight,________(cause)greatdamage.●有些慣用的分詞短語在句中可以獨(dú)立存在，它們用來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等，常見的有：一般說來__________________嚴(yán)格說來__________________

由…判斷__________________generallyspeakingstrictly

speakingjudging

from/bycausing3.過去分詞作狀語時,可表時間、原因、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、條件、伴隨等,一般可改為一個________;但表示伴隨時一般不可以改為狀語從句,卻可改為__________。判斷下列過去分詞作何種狀語并改造成從句1.Askedabouthisaddress,theboydidn’trespond.Whenhewasaskedabouthisaddress…2.Thepopstarhurrieduptohercar,followedbyherfans.Thepopstarhurrieduptohercarandwasfollowedbyherfans.3.InfectedwiththeH1N1,thelittleboywasseparatedfromtheotherchildren.BecausehewasinfectedwiththeH1N1,thelittleboy…狀語從句并列謂語1.__________(hear)thecryforhelp,peopleimmediatelyrushedoutoftherooms.2._________(see)fromthetallestbuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.HearingSeen下面從二個方面來探究非謂語動詞的解題方法：1.非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則2.非謂語動詞解題四大步驟非謂語動詞題的做題技巧一.非謂語動詞的七大經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用現(xiàn)在分詞原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，同時表示被動意義。英語非謂語動詞題的七條經(jīng)典原則原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上要用不定式Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于進(jìn)行航空飛行訓(xùn)練是他被派往那兒的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”與“訓(xùn)練”為被動關(guān)系，故選D。

2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making

3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.

A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved【解析】由于與句子主語之間為主動關(guān)系，且表示當(dāng)時持續(xù)了一會兒，故用-ing。句意為：當(dāng)信號燈變綠時，我站在那兒一會兒沒動，心想自己該怎么辦。

原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上要用-ing.4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;climbing

listento…do/doing…【解析】listen是伴隨sat而同時由主語he發(fā)出的，所以用-ing作伴隨狀語；listento后跟不帶to的不定式/-ing作賓補(bǔ)。用括號里的詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Shewrotetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,

_________alongspeech.(prepare)4._______warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep

)preparingtoresthopingTokeep－,ing形式作伴隨狀語與todo作目的狀語的區(qū)別：作伴隨狀語的－ing形式與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生且前面常常帶一逗號;而作目的狀語的不定式的動作要比謂語動詞的動作后發(fā)生，且前面不能用逗號。原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語時，可用-ing或不定式，其區(qū)別是，一般用-ing，表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之中。不定式用作結(jié)果狀語表示非邏輯的結(jié)果，即結(jié)果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.

A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet

【解析]此處用-ing表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.大雨滂沱，造成了那個地方洪水泛濫。6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching

8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told

7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的結(jié)果。原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。如果所涉及的動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動式；如果所涉及的動作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析】根據(jù)句意，此處指的是“被聽見”，故要用被動式，因可排除B和C。另外，由于“設(shè)法被聽見”為目的狀語，動作當(dāng)時尚未發(fā)生，故用不定式，即選A。

10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后應(yīng)接-ing，desks與openandclose之間存在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，又因couldbeheard，所以選-ing的被動式表正在被進(jìn)行的動作。of11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed

astranger

his

eyessittingseat

vt.Iseatedmyself.=Iwasseated.=Isatdownfixone’seyesupon…原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_____.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn(be)facedwith…Facedwith13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings【解析】因?yàn)閣atching的邏輯主語一定是人，排除選項(xiàng)A和B；又因在hear后作賓補(bǔ)的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項(xiàng)D中的rings是錯誤的。watching原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，原則上要用完成式（根據(jù)情況可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）

14._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated【解析】因?yàn)锳ustralia與separate是被動關(guān)系，且separate發(fā)生在謂語動詞has之前，所以用-ing的完成被動式作原因狀語。has15.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making【解析】因?yàn)門hemanager與make是主動關(guān)系，且make發(fā)生在謂語left之前，所以用-ing的完成式作狀語，havingmade...相當(dāng)于whohadmade...的意思。left原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，原則是：用不定式，表示動作尚未發(fā)生;用-ing，表示動作正在進(jìn)行;用過去分詞，表示動作被動、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld

18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait

themeeting

thedayaftertomorrowvisitors19.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost

20.—Thelastone_____paysthemeal.—Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

ThingsThelastonelosevt.losesb/sth注：受thefirst，thesecond...thelast修飾的名詞或代詞后原則上要用不定式作定語。

Youarethesecondtomakethatmistake.你是第二個犯這錯誤的人。原則一：用作目的狀語，…原則二：用作伴隨狀語，…原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，…原則四：凡是含有被動意義時，…原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，…原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前時，…原則七：用于名詞后作定語時，…原則一：用作目的狀語，原則上用不定式.原則二：用作伴隨狀語，原則上用-ing.原則三：用作結(jié)果狀語，可用-ing/todo,區(qū)別是：-ing表示一定邏輯的結(jié)果，todo表示非邏輯的結(jié)果。原則四:凡是有被動意義時，原則上要用過去分詞。如果動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動形式；如果動作正在進(jìn)行，則用-ing的被動形式。原則五：非謂語動詞作狀語時，原則上其邏輯主語應(yīng)與主句主語保持一致。原則六：強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前，原則上要用完成式（-ing的完成式或不定式的完成式）原則七：用于名詞后作定語，原則是：不定式表示動作尚未發(fā)生；-ing表示動作正在進(jìn)行：過去分詞表示動作完成，被動。二.非謂語動詞解題四大步驟（一）分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語與非謂語”______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.____manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.HavingbeentoldB.BeingtoldC.HehadbeentoldD.ThoughhewastoldC___A注意連詞3.It___ahotday,we’dbettergoswimming.

4.____arainyday;wedecidednottogothere.isB.tobeC.beingD.ItbeingE.ItwasF.beenCE注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號二.分析邏輯主語確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者或承受者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。這時就構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。

怎么加?

（二）找邏輯主語1.Walkingalongthestreetoneday,shesawalittlegirlrunninguptoher.2.Sheisreadingabookfoundontheway.3.MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.

一般來說，非謂語動詞作狀語,邏輯主語是句子的主語；非謂語動詞作賓補(bǔ),邏輯主語是賓語；非謂語動詞作定語,邏輯主語是被修飾詞。分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。

______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.

A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.SeeAB解析：句1.“地球”被“看起來”，表被動，故選A，用過去分詞表被動。

句2.我們"主動看......"即表主動，故選B。（三）分析語態(tài)

A.totakeB.takingC.tobetakenD.takenD

BEverythingthey1._______everythingintoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.2.Everything______intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.（四）分析時態(tài)1.Thebuilding____nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding____nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding_____lastyearisarestaurant.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuilt

D.built___C______B______D二.找邏輯主語三、分析語態(tài)四、分析時態(tài)一.辨別“謂與非謂”三.非謂語動詞解題步驟方法總結(jié)：謂非謂，找主語，析語態(tài)，定時態(tài)1.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop________(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.作目的狀語,用動詞不定式。tohelp靈活運(yùn)用2.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_______(break)intosmallpieces.在easy，difficult，hard，comfortable等形容詞后習(xí)慣上接不定式作狀語（注意:這類不定式通常要用主動式表示被動意義）;句意為：湯姆糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小塊。tobreak3.Shewishedthathewasaseasy_______(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.句中已有謂語waseasy了,please應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;因在形容詞后作狀語,只能用動詞不定式,故填toplease。toplease4.It’simportantforthefigures_____________(update)regularly.根據(jù)for引出的邏輯主語thefigures與update存在著被動關(guān)系可知選不定式的被動式。句意為：經(jīng)常更新這些數(shù)據(jù)很重要。tobeupdated5.Simonmadeabigbamboobox_________(keep)thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.這句中的make表示“做;制造”,其后的不定式為目的狀語。句意為:西蒙做了一個大竹盒子來養(yǎng)這只有病的小鳥,等它能飛的時候再放走它。tokeep6.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting_____________(discover).動詞wait后習(xí)慣上接不定式;另外,actors與discover之間為被動關(guān)系,即“等著被發(fā)現(xiàn)”,故選不定式的被動式。tobediscovered7.Wewereastonished_______(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.在beastonished后要接不定式表示原因。tofind9.Lydiadoesn’tfeellike_________(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.因?yàn)閒eellike中的like是介詞。根據(jù)英語語法，介詞后接動詞一般要用動名詞。studying10.___________(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.現(xiàn)在分詞短語gatheringaroundthefire在句中用作伴隨狀語,表示與謂語動作danced同時發(fā)生的動作。Gathering11.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,_____(say)nothingabouttheargument.現(xiàn)在分詞短語sayingnothingabout...為伴隨狀語,句意為:莎拉假裝開心,對那次爭論什么也沒說。12.Recentlyasurvey__________(compare)pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾前面的主語survey。sayingcomparing13.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke_____(rise)frombehindthehouse.現(xiàn)在分詞短語risingfrombehind...在此用作定語,修飾名詞smoke。14.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,_________(make)itmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.現(xiàn)在分詞短語makingitmucheasier...在句中用作結(jié)果狀語,表示MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina的結(jié)果。risingmaking15.AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,_________(realize)thathecoulddonothingtohelp.現(xiàn)在分詞短語realizingthat...用作狀語,表原因。realizing16.Batsaresurprisinglylonglivedcreatures,some_______(have)alifespanofaround20years.因?yàn)閟omehavingalifespanofaround20years為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。having17.Ihadgreatdifficulty________(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.因havedifficulty(in)doingsth.為固定句式,其意為“做某事有困難”。18.____________(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.因we與approach是主動關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語。findingApproaching19.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_____(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.“引起嚴(yán)重水災(zāi)”是“下大雨”的自然結(jié)果,作結(jié)果狀語,用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。causing...與whichcaused...相當(dāng)。causing20.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.因youngchildren與weigh是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。句中介詞短語under...和現(xiàn)在分詞短語weighing...一起作定語,修飾youngchildren。weighing22.________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.因agoodform暗示泛指一般性行為,用動名詞作主語。23.Ican’tstand________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.因?yàn)閏an’tstand(不能忍受)后習(xí)慣上要接動詞的-ing形式;又因refuse后要求接帶to的不定式。?Walkingworkingtostop24.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed______________________(repa