Unit 2 知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解 牛津譯林版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)

U2hard/British/mix/foreign/discuss/seem/offer/number/haveofflookthrough/-ly/keepdoing/finish/need數(shù)量比較，副詞比較級(jí)1.Theyhavetoworkharder.workhard“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”，“努力學(xué)習(xí)，努力工作”；hardwork“形容詞＋名詞”，“艱苦的工作”；Hard-working形容詞，“勤奮的，勤勞的”。Eg:Mikeisahardworkingstudentwhoworksreallyhardathisstudy.Sheisahardworkinggirl.Sheworkshard.Workhard，oryouwon'tdowellinyourlessons.Aftermanyyears'hardwork，sherealizedherdreamofwinningagoldmedalintheOlympics.BritishEnglishBritisadj.英國(guó)的Britainn.英國(guó)，大不列顛”。Eg:MyuncleisaBritishman.＝MyuncleisBritish.我叔叔是英國(guó)人。I'mChinese,butmywifeisfromBritain.我是中國(guó)人，但我的妻子來(lái)自英國(guó)。AnAmericanschool3.Itisamixedschool.mixedadj.男女混合的；混合的mixture，名詞，意為“混合物”；mix，動(dòng)詞，意為“使混合；混合”。amixedschool一所男女混合學(xué)校mixup混合，攪勻4.Learningforeignlanguageisfun.foreignadj.外國(guó)的aforeignlanguage一門外語(yǔ)；foreigncountries外國(guó)foreignern.“外國(guó)人”。5Wediscussthebookswithourclassmatesinclass.discussvt.討論，議論n.discussiondiscusssth.withsb.與某人討論某事discusswithsb.＝haveadiscussionwithsb.與某人討論Eg:Afterhoursofdiscussion,theyletthroughthereportintheend.6.Timeseemedtogofaster,whenwearereadinginterestingbooks.Seem系動(dòng)詞后接形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、從句SeemtodoseemlikeItseemsthat從句Eg:Timeseemstogofasterwhenwearereadinginterestingbooks.7offermehelpoffer,provide,give與supplyoffersb.sth.＝videsb.withsth.＝providesth.forsb.givesb.sth.＝givesth.tosb.Eg:Don’tworry.Thesocialworkerwillofferyousomehelpwhenyou’reintrouble.—Inthepastfiveyears,ChinahasplayedanimportantroleintheBeltandRoad.—Ithasofferedmanynationsagreatchancetocommunicate.8.IreadanarticlebyaboyfromtheUSA.我讀了一篇由一個(gè)美國(guó)男孩寫的文章。anarticleby...相當(dāng)于anarticlewrittenby...，意為“一篇由……寫的文章”。by是介詞，連接article的后置定語(yǔ)(編著者、導(dǎo)演、作曲者、演唱者等)。Tom,haveyoueverreadthebookATaleofTwoCitieswrittenbyCharlesDickens?9.numberofstudents學(xué)生的數(shù)量①thenumberof后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。②anumberof意為“若干”，可用small,large,great修飾number，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg:Everyyear,agreatnumberofpolicemenworkhardtoprovideuswithsafety.Inourschoollibrarythereareanumberofbooksonscienceandthenumberofthebooksisgrowing.havefewerweeksoffforsummeholiday暑期休息時(shí)間更少havemoreweeksoff多放假幾周Haveoff休息多久Eg:MyschoolhasfewerweeksoffforthesummerholidaythanDaniel’s.BrithisstudentsspendlesstimedoinghomeworkthanChinesestudents.Eg:Howmuchtimedoyouspendonyourhobbieseveryday？Theradiosaystherewillbemuchrainnextweekandmaybewewillhavetwodaysoff.12.farther與further①far—farther—farthest;far—further—furthest。②farther一般只用于表示有形距離的“較遠(yuǎn)，更遠(yuǎn)”。③further表示程度上“更深一步”的抽象概念。Eg:—Whojumpsfarther,MikeorGeorge?—Mikedoes.Withthefurtherdevelopmentofmodernmedicine,mosteyediseaseswillbetreatedorcured.13.dailyadj.每日的，日常的有些名詞可以在詞尾加上ly變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的形容詞，如：week—weekly;month—monthly;friend—friendly。月考mothlytestEg:Accordingtoasurvey,theaveragenumberofdailystepsofpeopleacrosstheworldis4，961.TheweeklyTVshowReadershostedbyDongQinghasrecentlybecomeahottopicinChina.HowmuchdailyEnglishcanyoursonspeak?Justalittle.Weshouldworkhardonweekdaysandhaveagoodrestatweekends.14.Ilookthroughthequestionsquickly.lookthrough瀏覽，快速查看[知識(shí)精講]lookupto瞧得起，尊重lookup查閱(字典、書等)lookuptosth.抬頭看某物lookout當(dāng)心，小心lookfor尋找lookdownonsb./sth.瞧不起某人/某事lookover查看，過(guò)目lookaround環(huán)顧四周Eg:①You'dbetterlookthroughyournotesbeforeyoudoyourhomeworkeveryevening.②—OK,Iwill,Mum.—WhydoyoulookuptoLiuHulan?—Becausesheisagreatheroine.Teachersoftenaskustolookthroughthepapercarefullybeforewehanditin.15.IalsokeepwritinginEnglishaboutmydailylife.我也堅(jiān)持用英語(yǔ)寫關(guān)于我的日常生活。keep(on)doingsth.“繼續(xù)/重復(fù)做某事”keepsb.doingsth.“讓某人持續(xù)做某事”Eg:Mr.Black,youarebecominghealthierandhealthier.Pleasekeeponrunning．Thestudentskeptdiscussingtheboringtripontheirwayback.HenrykeptwritingabouthisdailylifeinEnglish.WhenIwrotetheletter,Ikeptspellingthewordswrong.Whendoyoufinishschool?Myidealschoolandfinishat3p.m.finish與completefinish側(cè)重表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間著手做的事已經(jīng)做完，或者表示對(duì)已經(jīng)做完的事進(jìn)行核實(shí)加工。complete側(cè)重表示完成某項(xiàng)工作，特別是某一項(xiàng)任務(wù)或某項(xiàng)工作圓滿結(jié)束。Eg:ThesecondC919largepassengerplanecompleteditsfirstflightatShanghaiPudongInternationalAirportonDecember17th,2017.17.Wedonotneedtogetupearly.Need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，needtododonotneedtodo作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，needdosthneednotdo重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法Ihavesomemorefood.U1welcomhavefewerweeksoffforthesummerholiday.IspendlesstimedoinghomeworkthanNancy.Amongthefourofus,Simonspendsthemosttimeonhishobbiesbuttherearefeweradvertisementswecanborrowmorebooksfromtheschoollibrary.Ilikeartbest.U1inter...learnmoreabouttheworldsomeday.U1interTheyhavetoworkharder.Timeseemedtogofaster,whenwearereadinginterestingbooks.OnFridayafternoon,ourschoolendsearlierthanusual.考點(diǎn)1比較事物的數(shù)量[知識(shí)精講]我們可以用more...than和fewer/less...than來(lái)比較人或事物的數(shù)量。用themost表示最多的數(shù)量，用thefewest/theleast表示最少的數(shù)量。1.more...than...比……多……，形容詞many或much的比較級(jí)是more，最高級(jí)most，后面可以跟不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞。2.fewer/less...than...比……少……，其中fewer，less分別是形容詞few和little的比較級(jí)，fewest,least分別是形容詞few和little的最高級(jí)，fewer,thefewest后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞；less,theleast后面跟不可數(shù)名詞。3.more,most,less和least還可以用作副詞，后面跟多音節(jié)形容詞、副詞和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞、副詞構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。Eg:Canyoufinishtheworkwellwithlessmoneyandmorepeople?Toliveagreenlife,everyoneshouldproducelesspollutionandsavemoreenergy.SomefishermenkeepfishinginZhalong.Thiswillleadtolessandlessfoodforbirds.Theyhavetoworkhardertherearefeweradvertisements.Wecanborrowmorebooksfromtheschoollibrary.考點(diǎn)2副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)[知識(shí)精講]副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)與形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法相同，即單音節(jié)副詞大多數(shù)在詞尾分別加“er”或“est”構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)；多音節(jié)副詞和部分雙音節(jié)副詞分別在詞前加more或most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。如：fast—faster—fastestearly—earlier—earliesthappily—morehappily—mosthappily另外還有副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則變化。如：well—better—bestbadly—worse—worstmuch—more—mostlittle—less—leastfar—farther/further—farthest/furthest副詞最高級(jí)前的the常常省略。如：Whichsportdoyoulikebest,swimming,runningorshooting?你最喜歡哪一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，游泳、跑步還是射擊？IknowIcanrunfasterthanallofyou.我知道我可以跑得比你們?nèi)慷歼€要快。注意：副詞用法—500yuanforpullingatooth?It'sonlyacoupleofminutes'work.—Well,Icandoitlesscarefullyifyoulike.—CouldIspeaktoPaul?Iphonedearlier．—Sorry,heisstillinhismeeting.Bettywritesmorecarefullythananyotherstudentinherclass.Ididbadlyinhighjump,LiPingdidevenworse.Ourschoolendsearlierthanusual.HerunsasfastasTom.Tomlistenstoteachersascarefullyasbefore...Iamdoingbetternow.IlearntouseEnglishbetterthisway.詞匯1.惠山.Wehadtosit_____________(從頭到尾)theshowthoughitwasn’tinterestingatall.2.惠山.Ispeltthewordwrong,canyoulendmean_____________(橡皮)?3.新吳.Thisisa_______(混合)drinkwhichismadefromseveralkindsoffruits.4.南長(zhǎng).PeopleintheUKsay“biscuit”whilepeopleintheUSAsay“__________”.A.yard B.truck C.cookie D.vacation5.惠山___________(win)thebasketballmatchismydream.6.南長(zhǎng).Thisterm,wewillhavea____________(week)testoneachsubject.7.錫東.What'sthedifferencebetween____（Britain）EnglishandAmericanEnglish?新吳58.Ihavetwentydollarsinmypocketat__________(少的).8.錫山.Shemaybeslow,but_____sheiscarefulanddoesn’tmakestupidmistakes.A.atfirst B.atlast C.atleast D.atmost知識(shí)點(diǎn)1.錫東、南長(zhǎng).Idon’tthink___________(ride)horsesiscoolinsuchcoldweather.2.惠山.Whatapity!Therainbowseemed________(end)onthehillside.2.2南長(zhǎng).當(dāng)我們?cè)诳从腥さ墓适碌臅r(shí)候，時(shí)間似乎過(guò)得很快。Time________________________whenwearereadinginterestingbooks.3.錫東.—Whatelsecanwe__________tothechildreninpoorareas? —Ithinkwecan__________themwithbooksandclothes.A.offer;provideB.provide;offerC.offer;giveD.give;offer3.2惠山.Kitty______(自愿給予)him$500todothejob,butheturneditdown.5.新吳.—HowmuchisthetickettotheCentralpark?—Aone-wayticket____$40,andyoucan______another$20foraround-trip.costs;spend B.spends;pay C.pays;spend D.costs;pay5.2江陰.Peggyspenthalfanhour____(混合)allthesethingstogether.Let’sseewhatshehasgot.6.錫東.你最好瀏覽一下這篇文章確保它是正確的。You_________________________thearticletomakesureit’scorrect.6.2錫山.Beforeyouchooseabook,you’dbetter________thefirstfewpagestoseeifit’seasyordifficultforyou.A.getthrough B.lookthrough C.runthrough D.putthrough7.惠山.—Katewonthespeechcontestyesterday.Itissocool!—Yes.Shespentallherfreetime__________English.A.keepingspeaking B.keepingtospeakC.tokeepspeaking D.tokeeptospeak7.2錫東.如果你堅(jiān)持努力訓(xùn)練，你下次犯的錯(cuò)誤就少了。Ifyoukeep____________________,you_______________________nexttime.7.3錫山.Thinkingoftheterribleearthquake,Samkept________(shake)andcouldn’tgotosleep.8.1惠山.Why_________you________(notcomplete)thehomeworkyesterday?8.2新吳.Allofushadagoodtimeattheparty.Why______you____(notjoin)us?語(yǔ)法1.惠山.Jimhas__________thanTom.moreCD B.lesssheepC.fewernewsD.fewergoldfish2.惠山.—DidKatedobestinthefinalexam?—No,butofallthestudentsshedid________.themostcareful B.morecarefulC.mostcarefully D.morecarefully3.(2019?鎮(zhèn)江)Becauseoftheflood,there