新編大學(xué)英語綜合教程1-unit1

Unit1PersonalRelationshipIn-ClassReadingTheGiftofLife以生命相贈(zèng)1炸彈落在了這個(gè)小村莊里。在可怕的越南戰(zhàn)爭期間，誰也不知道這些炸彈要轟炸什么目標(biāo)，而它們卻落在了一所由傳教士辦的小孤兒院內(nèi)。2傳教士和一兩個(gè)孩子已經(jīng)喪生，還有幾個(gè)孩子受了傷，其中有一個(gè)小女孩，8歲左右，雙腿被炸傷了。3幾小時(shí)后，醫(yī)療救援小組到了。醫(yī)療小組由一名年輕的美國海軍醫(yī)生和一名同樣年輕的海軍護(hù)士組成。他們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)有個(gè)小女孩傷勢(shì)嚴(yán)重。顯然，如果不立即采取行動(dòng)，她就會(huì)因失血過多和休克而死亡。4他們明白必須給小女孩輸血，但是他們的醫(yī)藥用品很有限，沒有血漿，因此需要匹配的血型?？焖俚难蜏y(cè)定顯示兩名美國人的血型都不合適。而幾個(gè)沒有受傷的孤兒卻有匹配的血型。5醫(yī)生會(huì)講一點(diǎn)越南語，護(hù)士會(huì)講一點(diǎn)法語，但只有中學(xué)的法語水平。孩子們不會(huì)說英語，只會(huì)說一點(diǎn)法語。醫(yī)生和護(hù)士用少得可憐的一點(diǎn)共同語言，結(jié)合大量的手勢(shì)，努力向這些受驚嚇的孩子們解釋說，除非他們能輸一些血給自己的小伙伴，否則她將必死無疑。然后他們問孩子們是否有人愿意獻(xiàn)血來救小女孩。6對(duì)醫(yī)生和護(hù)士的請(qǐng)求，孩子們瞪大眼睛，一聲不吭。此時(shí)小病人生命垂危。然而，只有這些受驚嚇的孩子中有人自愿獻(xiàn)血，他們才能夠得到血。過了好一會(huì)兒，一只小手慢慢地舉了起來，然后垂了下去，一會(huì)兒又舉了起來。7“噢，謝謝，”護(hù)士用法語說?！澳憬惺裁疵?？”8“興，”小男孩回答道。9興很快被抱到一張床上，手臂用酒精消毒后，針就扎了進(jìn)去。在整個(gè)過程中，興僵直地躺著，沒有出聲。10過了一會(huì)兒，他發(fā)出了一聲長長的抽泣，但立即用那只可以活動(dòng)的手捂住了自己的臉。11“興，疼嗎？”醫(yī)生問。12興默默地?fù)u了搖頭，但一會(huì)兒忍不住又抽泣起來，并又一次試圖掩飾自己的哭聲。醫(yī)生又問是不是插在手臂上的針弄疼了他，興還是搖了搖頭。13但現(xiàn)在，偶爾的抽泣變成了持續(xù)無聲的哭泣。他緊緊地閉著眼睛，用拳頭堵住嘴，想竭力忍住哭泣。14醫(yī)療小組此時(shí)非常擔(dān)憂，因?yàn)獒槻粫?huì)使他們的小輸血者一直感到疼痛。一定是哪里出了問題。恰好這時(shí)，一名越南護(hù)士前來幫忙?？吹叫∧泻⒃诳?，她用越南話很快地問他原因。聽了小男孩的回答后，又立即作了回答。護(hù)士一邊說，一邊俯身輕輕拍著小男孩的頭，她的聲音親切柔和。15一會(huì)兒，小男孩不再哭了，他睜開眼睛，用質(zhì)疑的目光看著越南護(hù)士。護(hù)士點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，小男孩的臉上馬上露出了寬慰的神色。16越南護(hù)士抬起頭平靜地對(duì)兩名美國人說:“他以為自己快死了。他誤解了你們。以為你們要他獻(xiàn)出所有的血，小女孩才能活下來?！?7“那他為什么還愿意這么做呢?”海軍護(hù)士問。18越南護(hù)士把這個(gè)問題向小男孩重復(fù)了一遍。小男孩簡單地回答道:“她是我的朋友。”19他為了朋友甘愿獻(xiàn)出自己的生命，沒有比這更偉大的愛了。我們都需要朋友1有要好的老朋友是件好事，但結(jié)交新朋友則更好。不論我們年齡有多大，我們都感激朋友給予我們的支持與幫助。這種幫助可能是為一件小事，也可能是為挽救我們的生命。幫助或支持的多少并不是最重要的，真正重要的是擁有好朋友。2我剛交了一位新朋友瓊。她對(duì)于我，并不僅僅是又多了一位在街上碰到時(shí)打個(gè)招呼講講話的人，而是一位真正的好朋友。她會(huì)跟我一起吃午飯，會(huì)順便到我家來喝杯茶。我有時(shí)會(huì)無緣無故感到悲傷或憂愁,這時(shí)她會(huì)聽我說，使我感到有人理解我。她就是這樣一位朋友。3這對(duì)我來說可不是一件小事。僅與老友們保持住聯(lián)系，已經(jīng)使我在時(shí)間和精力上勉為其難了，更不用說結(jié)交新朋友了。但是隨著年齡的增長我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)35歲了擁有一張安全的朋友關(guān)系網(wǎng)變得重要了。隨著老朋友的離開，這張網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)個(gè)缺口。我現(xiàn)在需要花一些精力去結(jié)識(shí)新朋友。4結(jié)交朋友很像經(jīng)歷了可怕的分手后再去約會(huì)。你猶豫躊躇，裹足不前，因?yàn)槟愫茈y相信你又得從頭來過。但當(dāng)你真正做的時(shí)候，它的難度還不到你預(yù)料的一半，而得到的回報(bào)卻是你原本期望的兩倍。5例如，瓊現(xiàn)在是我最好的朋友之一，我卻差一點(diǎn)沒能結(jié)識(shí)她。第一次相遇時(shí)我們都在市游泳池等自己五歲的兒子下游泳課。瓊當(dāng)時(shí)正在讀一本書，那本書是我原先在讀書俱樂部讀過的。我想跟她說些什么，但卻說不出來。我似乎已失去了說聲“你好”的能力。6在更衣室里，我們又碰到了，當(dāng)時(shí)我們的兒子都穿好了衣服準(zhǔn)備回家。我?guī)缀跏菍?duì)著她的后背說：“你覺得艾米譚的書怎么樣？”她轉(zhuǎn)過身來，我卻像個(gè)十幾歲的孩子一樣臉紅了。“噢，”她說，“我正在看《正骨師的女兒》，真的很喜歡這本書。自從我讀過《喜福會(huì)》后，艾米一直是我最喜歡的作家。”7接下來的兩次游泳課后，我們又互相交談，比較我們的閱讀書目，跟著我們的兒子跑出更衣室。到了第五次游泳課時(shí)，我們約好了花一天時(shí)間去城里購物。對(duì)于像我這個(gè)年紀(jì)的人來說，你不覺得那是很不尋常的嗎？8我過去基本上不挑選朋友。多年來，我讓命運(yùn)替我決定朋友。一份新工作，一座新城市，一幢昂貴的公寓，讓我與原本連說聲“你好”都不可能的人成了朋友。然而隨著年歲的增長，我對(duì)有些朋友已變得不耐煩了，覺得這種因機(jī)遇建立的朋友關(guān)系有時(shí)會(huì)經(jīng)不起生活變化的考驗(yàn)。這種類型的朋友，在你有困難真正需要幫助時(shí)并不一定會(huì)幫助你。9我們和朋友在一起時(shí)能夠自然不做作，那是一件很美妙的事，是一份很珍貴的禮物，不能不與其他朋友分享。結(jié)交朋友，享受友誼，其實(shí)并不需要花費(fèi)那么多的時(shí)間，或那么多的努力。課內(nèi)閱讀練習(xí)答案ReadingComprehension1.1A2B3A4A5B6C7A8C2.1killed2wounded3arrived4girl5badly/seriously8American9type10orphans6blood7none11French12difficulty13frightened14would15cried16Vietnamese17found18understand19willing20friend3.SampleV=VietnamesenurseV:Isithurting,Heng?H:No.H=HengN=NavynurseV:Sowhyareyoucrying?Isthereanythingwrong?H:I’msadthatIwillhavetoleavetheworld.I’malittlescaredbeforeIdie.Idon’twanttodie,butIdon’twantmyfriendtodie,either.V:Whydoyouthinkyouaregongtodie?H:ThedoctorsaidunlessIgavemybloodtomyfriend,shewouldcertainlydie.V:Youmusthavemisunderstoodhim.Youonlyhavetogivesomeofyourbloodtothegirl.Thiswon’tdoanyharmtoyourhealth.H:Really?Areyousure?V:Yes.Haveagoodsleepnow.Whenyouwakeup,I’msureyou’llbeasstrongasbefore.V:(totheNavynurse):Hethoughthewasdying.Hemisunderstoodyou.Hethoughtyouaskedhimtogiveallhisbloodtothelittlegirlsothatshecouldlive.N:Butwhywouldhebewillingtodothat?V:Heng,theNavynursewantstoknowwhyyouwouldbewillingtogiveallyourbloodtolittlegirl?H:She’smyfriend.Vocabulary1.1reply2land3supplied4wound5replied6signed7wounded8supplies9sign10balancing11land12balance2run:1D2A3C4E5F6Bmatch:1D2B3F4C5E6A31Insert2inthebalance3requests4relief5letout6steady7stiff8misunderstood9limited10actionTranslation1.WhenIknewthedetailsIrealizedthatIshouldnothavelostmytemperintheoffice.2.Idon’t/didn’tknowBobverywell,butwego/wentoutforanoccasionaldrinktogether.3.ThemeetingissupposedtotakeplaceonTuesday,butwehavetopostponeit/putitof.4.Ourgovernmenttookactiontobring/getalltheChineseinthatcountrybacktoChina.5.Includingweekends,thereareonly12moredaystobuyChristmaspresents/gifts.6.Withoutimmediateaction,manykinds/speciesofwildanimalswoulddiefromhunger.PartThreeFurtherDevelopment1GrammarReviewSampleA:DidyouhearthatTomfailedtheEnglishfinal?Hewas10minuteslateforthefinalbecausehewokeuplate.B:That’stoobad.Butheshouldhaveaskedhisroommatetowakehimup.A:Wellanyway,hegottotheclassroombeforethelisteningpartfinished.Butthenhefoundthebatteriesforhisradioweredead.B:Well,heshouldhaveboughtnewbatteriesthedaybefore.A:Yes,verytrue.Hethenhadtoborrowtwobatteriesfromhisclassmate.ButwhenTomwasdoingtheexam,hefoundthereweremanywordsthatwerenewtohim.B:Heshouldhavespentmoretimememorizingnewwordsandphrasesbeforetheexam.A:Yes,andthenTomhadasplittingheadachebecausehehadstudieduntiltwointhemorning.B:That’stoobad.Buthereallyshouldn’thavestayedupthenightbeforetheexam.A:Andwhat’smore,Tomwassoafraidtofailthefinalthathepeepedathisneighbor’spaper.Hewascaughtandwouldbepunished.B:Really?Heshouldn’thavecheatedontheexam.2VocabularyReview1AThough/AlthoughBthoughCthoughABoth“although”and“though”canbeusedasconjunctionstointroduceasubordinateclauseofconcession(讓步狀語從句)inwhichyoumentionsomethingwhichcontrastswithwhatyouaresayinginthemainclause.B“Though”issometimesusedasanadverb.Whenusedasanadverb,itisnotusedatthebeginningofaclause.“Although”cannotbeusedasanadverb.CWhenaclausebeginningwith“though”endswithacomplementoradverb,youcanbringthecomplementoradverbforwardtothebeginningoftheclause.However,whenaclausebeginningwith“although”endswithacomplementoradverb,youcannotmovethecomplementoradverbtothebeginningoftheclause.2Areply/answerBanswerCreplyingBoth“answer”and“reply”canbeusedasnounsandverbs.Withanounobjectweusetheverb“answer”or“replyto”.e.g.Wemustanswer/replytothesequestionsassoonaspossible.3AspeaksBspeakCtalkingDspeak/talkYousaythatsomeone“speaks”or“canspeak”aforeignlanguage.Ifsomeoneisgivingaspeech,yousaytheyare“speaking”.Iftwoormorepeoplearehavingaconversation,yousaythattheyare“talking”.Youdonotsaythattheyare“speaking”.Ifyou“speakto/talkto”someone,youhaveaconversationwiththem.4Ainjured/hurtBhurt/injuredCwounded/injuredDwoundsYoucanbe“wounded”orreceivea“wound”fromanyattackinwhichagunorsharpinstrumentsuchasaswordorknifeisused.Youcanbe“hurt”or“injured”orreceivean“injury”,a)whenanyotherweaponsuchasaheavystickorbombisused,b)inanaccident.Both“wound”and“injure”aremoreseriousthan“hurt”.Notethat“hurt”canbeusedasanintransitiveverbbutnot“wound”or“injure”.e.g.IthurtswhenItrytomovemyleg.5AhousesBapartment,apartmentsA“house”isabuildingforpeopletoliveinandoftenhasmorethanonelevel.An“apartment”inAmericanEnglishora“l(fā)at”inBritishEnglishreferstoasetofroomswithinalargerbuilding,usuallyononelevel.6AasideBapartCaside/apartBoth“aside”and“apart”canbeusedasadverbs.“Aside”means“awayortotheside”.“Apart”means“separatedbyadistance”.hephrase“asidefrom/apartfrom”meansa)exceptfor,b)inadditionto.7ArequestsBrequestedCdemandedDdemandsBoth“request”and“demand”mean“askforsth.orasksb.todosth.”.“Request”ismoreformalandstrongerthan“ask(for)”.“Demand”isevenstronger.Ifyou“demand”something,youfeelstronglythatyouhavetherighttogetit,andwillnottake“no”forananswer.Both“request”and“demand”canbeusedasaverborasanoun.A“request”forsomethingisapolitedemandforit.8AborderBboundaryTheword“border”referstothedividinglinebetweentwocountriesorstatesorthelandnearthatline.A“boundary”isapreciselinemarkingtheouterlimitsofanarea.3RoommatesandFriendsSTEPONESampleInadditiontothoselistedinthebook,myidealroommatewouldalsobe:someonewhodoesnotsmoke;aresponsibleandhonestperson;someonewhodoesnotsnorewhilesleeping;thebeststudentinmyclass;someonewhodoesnotstayuptoolate;anindependentperson;someonewhodoesnotinterfereinmyprivateaffairs;atolerantperson;atrustworthyperson,etc.STEPTWOSampleNo,Idon’tthinkroommatesareusuallyfriends.Livinginthesameroomdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatfriendshipswilldevelop.Althoughroommatesareusuallyfriendlytoeachother,notallofthemarefriendsbecausefriendlinessisnotalwaysanindicationoffriendship.It’struewithclassmates.Onlywhenpeoplehavesimilarinterestsandacommonoutlookonlifewilltheybecomefriendsorclosefriends.Ithinkmoreoftenthannotroommateswillbecomefriends.Obviously,roommatesspendmuchtimetogetherandthereforewilllearnalotabouteachother.Whenpeoplegettoknoweachother,friendshipoftendevelops.Manypeoplecouldhavebecomefriendsiftheyhadmetandgottogetheroftenorlongenough.Sharingroomspavesthewaytofriendship.Weoftenhearolderpeoplesaytheywereroommatesorclassmatesandthereforegoodfriends.Itdoesn’tmeanroommateswillsurelybecomefriends.They’remorelikelytobecomefriends.4ItMadeMeFeelSoGoodSTEPTWOSampleAsanewcomerinthisuniversity,thefirstletterI’vereceivedhereisfrommybestfriend,DongMing.DongMingandIwereclassmatesinhighschoolandwespentalotoftimetogether,studying,talkingandplayingaround.Icansafelysaythatnotasingledaywasspentwithoutourbeingtogetherduringourseniorhighschoolyears.Butnowwe’restudyingattwodifferentuniversitiesfarapartfromeachother.Hislettermakesmefeelasifweweretogetheragain,talking.Andwhat’simportantisnottheletteritselfbutwhathesaidintheletter.DearDongHao,IfeltsadwhenweleteachotherlastFridayandyetalittlehappyaboutallthenewthingsandtheexcitementaheadofusinournewcollegelife.It’swhatwewantandneed.Onethingisveryimportanttobothofus:tomakemorefriendsandtolearntogetalongwithothers.TodosoIbelieveweshouldrespectothers—theirpointofview,theirwayofdoingthings,etc.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakemorefriendsandmakeourcampuslifemoreinteresting.Whatdoyouthink?Ilookforwardtoyourreply.BestWishes,DongMingSometimesIfeelgoodaboutmyselfwhenI’vebeenabletocontributealittlebittomyrelationshipswithothers.IrememberwhatIdidforXiaoLi,mynextdoorneighborandgoodfriend.LastsummerXiaoLigotseriouslyillandwasinthehospitalforfiveweeks.AtthebeginningIdidn’tknowwhatIcoulddoforhim.IwenttoMomforadvice.Momthoughtaboutitforawhileandsaid,“Well,theonlythingIcantellyouistobeavailablewhenheneedsyou—notwhenyouwanttobeavailable.”ItookMom’sadviceseriously.IcalledhimonthephonenowandthentocheckifheneededanyhelpandIwenttoseehimeverydayafterschoolanddidwhatIcouldforhim.SowhenXiaoLirecoveredandletthehospitalIfeltsohappy.5WhenYourNeighborIsinNeedofHelpSTEPONESampleAyoungwomanwaswalkingalongthestreetsonenightwhenshewasattacked.Shescreamedforhelpandmanagedtoescape.Afewminuteslaterherattackercaughtheragainandshecontinuedscreamingforhelpwhiletheneighborswatchedterrifiedfromtheirwindowsanddidnothing.Theydidn’tevencallthepolice.Thewomandiedofmultiplestabwounds(多處刺傷).STEPTWOSample1Ithinkthereareseveralreasonsforthat.First,peoplewererathercowardlyandselfish.Whentheyheardsomeonescreaminglateatnight,theythoughtthatmightbedangeroussotheyjuststoodbackandwatchedthewomangetkilledinfrontofthem.Theypreferredtoprotectthemselvesratherthangetinvolvedtoriskbeinginjuredorevenkilled.Second,theyfeltthattherearealreadyinstitutionsincitiestodealwiththiskindofproblem.Theydidn’tthinktheyneededtointervenebecausethepolicewoulddosomethingforthem.Finally,itispossiblethatthesepeopleweresoterrifiedthattheycouldnotthinkclearlyortakeactiontoprotectthewoman.2Idon’tknow.MaybeIwouldgotothestreetandtrytoprotectthewoman.Ithinkmorepeoplewouldcometohelpiftheyrealizedwhatwasreallyhappening.MaybeIwouldcallthepolice.ButI’mafraidthatwhenthepolicearrived,shemightalreadyhavebeenkilled.OrmaybeIwouldbetooscaredtogiveanyhelp.Imightsimplyclosethewindowandputmyearplugsin.ThesearethedifferentthingsImightdoonsuchanoccasion,butIbelieveit’smostlikelythatIwouldcallthepolice.PartFourWritingandTranslation2TranslationPracticeLean