2023年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試綜合類(lèi)B級(jí)真題及答案WORD版

2023年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)綜合類(lèi)B級(jí)試題及參照答案第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1～15題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)有括號(hào)，請(qǐng)為每處括號(hào)部分確定1個(gè)意義最為靠近旳選項(xiàng)。1.Allthewallsinthebuildinghadthesamelayout.A.SizeB.FunctionC.ColorD.arrangment2.Thestormcausedseveredamage.A.physicalB.AccidentalC.SeriousD.enviromental3.Thewallsaremadeofhollowconcretblocks.A.BigB.EmptyC.LongD.new4.Ouraimwastoupdatethehealthserviceandwesucceeded.A.OfferB.ProvideC.ModernizeD.fund5.Dowehavetowearthesenametags?A.ListsB.FormsC.LablesD.codes6.Joecametothewindowasthecrowdchanted”Joe,Joe,Joe”A.RepeatedB.JumpedC.MaintainedD.approached7.Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupsports.A.EncouragedB.AllowedC.CalledD.advised8.Thecitycenterwaswipedoutbythebomb.A.CoveredB.ReducedC.DestroyedD.moved9.Mostbabycantakeinawiderangeoffoodeasily.A.BringB.DigestC.KeepD.serve10.AlargcrowdassembledoutsidetheAmericanembassy.A.WatchedB.ShoutedC.GatheredD.walked11.Theweatherwascrispandclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.A.FreshB.HotC.HeavyD.windy12.Whatpuzzlesmeiswhyhisbooksaresopopular.A.ShocksB.InfluencesC.ConfusesD.concerns13.Ithink$7adrinkisabitsteep,don’tyou?A.TightB.LowC.cheapD.high14.Thecontempthefeltforhisfellowstudentswasobvious.A.NeedB.HateC.LoveD.pity15.Hercommentsaboutmenareutterlyridiculous.A.SlightlyB.PartlyC.FaintlyD.completely第二部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題，每題1分，共7分）下面旳短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文旳內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷；假如該句提供旳是對(duì)旳信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；假如該句提供旳是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；假如該句旳信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。BrotherlyLoveAdidasandPumahavebeentwoofthebiggestnamesinsportsshoemanufacturingforoverhalfacentury.Since1928theyhavesuppliedshoesforOlympicathletes,WorldCup-winningfootballheroes,MuhammadAli,hiphopstarsandrockmusiciansfamousallovertheworld.ButthestoryofthesetwocompaniesbeginsinonehouseinthetownofHerzogenaurach,Germany.AdolphandRudolphDasslerwerethesonsofashoemaker.Theylovedsportbutcomplainedthattheycouldneverfindcomfortableshoestoplayin.Rudolphalwayssaid,'Youcannotplaysportswearingshoesthatyou'dwalkaroundtownwith.'Sotheystartedmakingtheirown.In1920Adolphmadethefirstpairofathleticsshoeswithspikes（釘），producedontheDasslers'kitchentable.OnlstJuly1924theyformedashoecompany,DasslerBrothersLtdandtheyworkedtogetherformanyyears.ThecompanybecamesuccessfulanditprovidedtheshoesforGermany'sathletesatthe1928and1932OlympicGames.Butin1948thebrothersargued.Nooneknowsexactlywhathappened,butfamilymembershavesuggestedthattheargumentwasaboutmoneyorwomen.TheresultwasthatAdolphleftthecompany.HisnicknamewasAdi,andusingthisandthefirstthreelettersofthefamilyname,Dassler,hefoundedAdidas.RudolphrelocatedacrosstheRiverAurachandfoundedhisowncompanytoo.AtfirsthewantedtocallitRuda,buteventuallyhecalleditPuma,afterthewildcat.ThefamousPumalogoofthejumpingcathashardlychangedsince.Afterthebigsplitof1948AdolphandRudolphneverspoketoeachotheragainandtheircompanieshavenowbeenincompetitionforoversixtyyears.Bothcompanieswereformanyyearsthemarketleaders,thoughAdidashasalwaysbeenmoresuccessfulthanPuma.Ahiphopgroup,RunDMC,hasevenwrittenasongcalled"MyAdidas"andin2023AdidasboughtReebok,anotherbigsportsshoecompany.Theterriblefamilyargumentshouldreallybeforgotten,buteversinceithappened,oversixtyyearsago,thetownhasbeensplitintotwo.Evennow,someAdidasemployeesandPumaemployeesdon'ttalktoeachother.16.Adidasandpumabegantomakeshoesattheendof19thcentury.17.Thebrothers’fatherwasaballmaker.18.Thebrothersmakeshoesathome.19.Thebrothersarguedabouttheshoes.20.Thebrothersdecidedtostarttheirseparatecompaniesafterargument.21.NikemakesmoreshoesthanAdidas.22.Peopleintownhaveforgottentheirargument.第3部分：概括大意和完畢句子(第23~30題，每題1分，共8分)下面旳短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23~26題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為指定段落每段選擇1個(gè)小標(biāo)題;(2)第27~30題規(guī)定從所給旳6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定一種最佳選項(xiàng)。Howtechnologypushesdownprice1Priceshavefalleninthefoodbusinessbecauseofadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnology.Consumershavebenefitedgreatlyfromthoseadvances.Peoplewhopredictedthattheworldwouldrunoutoffoodwerewrong.Weareproducingmoreandmorefoodwithlessandlesscapital.Foodisthereforemoreplentifulandcheaperthanithaseverbeen.Spendingonfoodcomparedwithothergoodshasfallenformanyyears,andcontinuestodrop.2Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesmainlybecauseoftheirscale.Likeanybigbusiness,theycaninvestinITsystemsthatmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Assupermarketsgetbigger,thepricesgetlower.3HugeretailcompaniessuchasWal-Marthavetremendouspowerandtheycanputpressureonproducerstocuttheirmargins.Asaresult,someproducershavehadtomakecuts.Inrecentyears,Unileverhascutitsworkforceby33,000t0245,000anddroppedlotsofitsminorbrandsaspartofits"pathtogrowth"strategy.Cadburyhasshutnearly20percentofits133factoriesandcut10percentofits55,000globalworkforce.Thesecutshelpkeepcostsdown,andthepriceoffoodstayslow.4Doescheapfoodmakepeopleunhealthy?Cheapfoodmayencouragepeopletoeatmore.Foodcompaniescertainlythinkthatgivingpeoplemorefoodfortheirmoneymakesthembuymore.Givingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdeal.Thatiswhyportionshavegotlargerandlarger.InAmerica,softdrinkscamein80z(225g)cansinthepast,then120z(350g),andnowcomein200z(550g)cans.1facompanycansellyouan80zportionfor$7,theycansellyoua120zportionfor$8.Theonlyextracosttothecompanyisthefood,whichprobablycosts25cents.5Nowcompaniesareunderpressuretostopsellingbiggerportionsforlessmoney.Butitishardtochangethetrend.23.Paragraph1______24.Paragraph2______25.Paragraph3______26.Paragraph4______A.HugeretailersforceproducerstocuntcostsB.ConsumerslikesupermarketsC.TechnologyhelpsreducefoodpricesD.FoodcomescheaperinlargerportionsE.ChainstoresprovidebetterserviceF.Biggersupermarketsofferlowerprices27.Bigsupermarketscanofferfoodatlowerpricesbecausetheycanbuyin___28.Somefoodproducershavereduced___29.Besidescuttingitsworkforce,Unileveralsoabandonedits___30.Buyerslikebiggerportionbecausetheythinktheyhavegot___A.theirworkforceB.hugeportionsC.largequantitiesD.theirmoneyE.agoodbargingF.minorbrands第四部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇OseolaMarcatyLATEONESUNDAYAFTERNOONinSeptember1999,OseolaMcCarty,anelderlycleaningladypassedawayinthelittlewoodenflamehousewhereshehadlivedandworkedmostofherlife.Itmayseemlikeanordinaryendtoahumblelife,buttherewassomethingquiteexceptionalaboutthiswoman.Inthesummerof1995,McCartygave$150,000,mostofthemoneyshehadsavedthroughoutherlife,totheUniversityofSouthernMississippiinherhometown.ThemoneywastohelpotherAfricanAmericansthroughuniversity.Shehadstartedhersavingshabitasayoungchildwhenshewouldreturnfromschooltocleanandironformoneywhichshewouldthensave.Sheledasimple,frugalexistence,neverspendingonanythingbuthermostbasicneeds.Herbankalsoadvisedheroninvestingherhard-earnedsavings.Whensheretired,shedecidedthatshewantedtousethemoneytogivechildrenoflimitedmeanstheopportunitytogotouniversity.Shehadwantedtobecomeanurse,buthadtoleaveschooltolookafterillrelativesandwork.Whenaskedwhyshehadgivenherlifesavingsaway,shereplied,"I'mgivingitawaysothatchildrenwon'thavetoworksohard,likeIdid."Afternewsofherdonationhitthemedia,over600donationsweremadetothescholarshipfund.Onewasgivenbymediaexecutive,TedTurner,whoreputedlygaveabilliondollars.Shedidn'twantanyfussmadeoverhergift,butthenewsgotoutandshewasinvitedallovertheUnitedStatestotalktopeople.Wherevershewent,peoplewouldcomeuptohertosayafewwordsortojusttouchher.Shemettheordinaryandthefamous,PresidentClintonincluded.Inthelastfewyearsofherlife,beforeshediedofcancer,McCartywasgivenover300awards：shewashonouredbytheUnitedNationsandreceivedthePresidentialCitizen'sMedal.Despitehavingnorealeducation,shefoundherselfwithtwohonorarydoctorates：onefromtheUniversityofSouthernMississippiandtheotherfromHarvardUniversity.Hergenerositywasclearlyaninspirationtomanyandproofthattrueselflessnessdoesexist.31.Thiswomanshockedandinspiredtheworldbecause______.A.shehadmanagedtosavesomuchmoneyB.shegavehermoneytoAfricanAmericansC.shegaveherlifesavingstohelpothersthroughuniversityD.sheonlyspentmoneyoncheapthings32.Shemanagedtosavesomuchmoneybecause______.A.shehadironedandwashedclothesallherlifeB.shehadworkedhard,savedhardandinvestedcarefullyC.shehadopenedagoodbankaccountD.sheknewhowtomakemoney33.Shegavehermoneyawaybecause______.A.shewantedtohelptheuniversityB.shewantedotherstohavethechancetobecomenursesC.shewantedotherstohavetheopportunitytoescapeahardlifeD.shewanttoberememberedafterherdeath34.Whenhergenerositywasmade______.A.peopledonatedbillionsB.hundredsofstudentsgotscholarshipsC.hundredsofpeopleputmoneyintothefundD.shewassenttouniversity35.Marcarty’sgenerosityindicatesclearlythatA.scholarshipfundsarepopularinUSB.Kind-heartedpeopledeservesdoctoratesC.SelflessnessexistsinhumansocietyD.Poorpeoplecandonateasmuchasrichpeople第二篇FromPonzitoMadoffTheyearwas1920.ThecountrywastheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Theman'snamewasCharlesPonzi.Ponzitoldpeopletostopdepositingmoneyinasavingsaccount.Instead,theyshouldgiveittohimtosaveforthem.Ponzipromisedtopaythemmorethanthebank.Forexample,asavingsaccountmightpayyou$5ayearforevery$100youdeposit.Ponzi,however,wouldpayyou$40ayearforevery$100yougavehimtohold.Manypeoplethoughtthiswasagoodplan.TheybegantogivetheirmoneytoPonzi.HowcouldPonzimakesomuchmoneyforpeople?Thisiswhathedidwiththemoneypeoplegavehim:Heusedsomeofthatmoneytopayotherpeoplewhogavehimmoney.However,healsokeptalotofthemoneyforhimself.Soonhehad$250million.Thiswasakindoftheft,anditwasagainstthelaw.Thepeoplewhogavehimtheirmoneydidn'tthinkanythingwaswrong.Ponzipaidthemeverymonth,justlikeabank.Ponzicontinuedthiswayofworkingfortwoyears.Thenoneday,hedidn'thaveenoughmoneytopayallthepeople.Theydiscoveredhiscrime,andhewenttoprisonforfraud.Ninetyyearslater,peoplebegantohearaboutabusinessmaninNewYorknamedBernardMadoff.Peoplesaidhegavegoodadviceaboutmoney.Theysaidwhentheygavehimtheirmoney,hepaidthemalotmorethanthebank.Madoffhelpedhospitals,schools,andindividualsearnmoney.Overaperiodof40years,peoplegavehim$170billion.However,nooneinvestigatedwhathedidwiththemoney.ThepeoplewhogaveMadofftheirmoneyalsodidn'tthinkanythingwaswrongbecausehepaidthemeverymonth.Oneday,Madoffdidn'thaveenoughmoneytopayallthepeopleheneededtopay.That'swhenpeoplediscoveredhowMadoffworked:Hewastakingmoneyfromsomepeopletopayotherpeople,justthewayCharlesPonzidid.However,thistime,insteadoflosingmillionsofdollars,peoplelostbillions.Madoffwasaccusedoffraud,andUnitedStatesgovernmentofficialsarrestedhim.Hedidn'thavetogoontrialbecausehesaidhewasguilty.In2023,ajudgesentencedhimt0150yearsinprison.BernardMadoff'scrimewasevenbiggerthanPonzi's.Itwasthebiggestfraudinhistory.Thelessonofthisstoryisclear:Whensomethingseemstoogoodtobetrue,itprobablyis!36.Forevery＄100PonzipromisestopaypeopleA．＄5ayearB．＄40ayearC．＄20ayearD．＄100ayear37.WhatdidPonzidowiththemoneypeoplegavehim?A．Hespentitallonthingsforhimself.B．Heusedsomeofittopayotherpeople.C．Hedepositeditallinabank.D．Hekeptitalltosaveforagoodplan.38.WhatwasPonzi’scrime？A．Hekeptalotofotherpeoples’moneyforhimself.B．Herobbedthebanksofmillionsofdollars.C．Hegavepeoplemorethanbankallowed.D．Hecouldn’tpaypeopletheinterests.39.HowlongdidMadoff’stricklastsA．Fouryears.B．Fortyyears.C．Nineyears.D．Ninetyyears.40.Whydidn’tMadoffhavetogoontrail?A．Headmittedhewasguilty.B．Theofficialscouldn’tfindanyevidenceagainsthim.C．Hehadfriendsingovernmentwhohelpedhim.D．Hereturnedallillegalmoney.第三篇GrossNationalHappinessInthelastcentury，newtechnologyimprovedthelivesofmanypeopleinmanycountries.However，onecountryresistedthesechanges.HighintheHimalayanmountainsofAsia，thekingdomofBhutanremainedseparate.ItspeopleandBuddhist（佛教）culturehadnotbeenaffectedforalmostathousandyears.Bhutan，however，wasapoorcountry.Peoplediedatayoungage.Mostofitspeoplecouldnotread，andtheydidnotknowmuchabouttheoutsideworld.Then，in1972，anewrulernamedKingJigmeSingyeWangchuckdecidedtohelpBhutantobecomemodern，butwithoutlosingitstraditions.KingWangchucklookedatothercountriesforideas.HesawthatmostcountriesmeasuredtheirprogressbytheirGrossNatonalProduct（GNP）。TheGNPmeasuresproductsandmoney.Whenthenumberofproductssoldincreases，peoplesaythecountryismakingprogress.KingWangchuckhadadifferentideaforBhutan.Hewantedtomeasurehiscountry’sprogressbypeople’shappiness.Ifthepeople’shappinessincreased，thekingcouldsaythatBhutanwasmakingprogress.Todecideifpeoplewerehappier，hecreatedameasurecalledGrossNationalHappiness（GNH）。GNHisbasedoncertainprinciplesthatcreatehappiness.Peoplearehappieriftheyhavehealthcare，education，andjobs.Theyarehappierwhentheyliveinahealthy，protectedenvironment.Theyarehappierwhentheycankeeptheirtraditionalcultureandcustoms.Finally，peoplearehappierwhentheyhaveagood，stablegovernment.NowtheseissomeevidenceofincreasedGNHinBhutan.Peoplearehealthierandarelivinglonger.Morepeopleareeducatedandemployed.Teenty-fivepercentofthelandhasbecomenationalparks，andthecountryhasalmostnopollution.TheBhutanesecontinuetoweartheirtraditionalclothingandfollowtheirancientBuddhistcustoms.Bhutanhasalsobecomeademocracy.In2023，KingWangchuckgavehispowertohisson.Althoughthecountrystillhadaking，ithelditsfirstdemocraticelectionsthatyear.Bhutanhadpoliticalpartiesandpoliticalcandidatesforthefirsttime.Finally，Bhutanhasconnectedtotherestoftheworldthroughtelevisionandinternet.Bhutanisasymbolforsocialprogress.ManycountriesarenowinterestedinBhutan’sGNH.Thesecountriesareinvestigatingtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.Theywanttocreatenewpoliciesthattakecareoftheirpeople，cultures，andland.BrazilmaybethenestcountrytousetheprinciplesofGNH.BrazilianleadersseetheprinciplesofGNHasasourceofinspiration.Brazilisalargecountrywithadiversepopulation.IfhappinessworksasameasureofprogressinBrazil，perhapstherestoftheworldwillfollow.41.WhowasJigmeSingyeWangchuck?A.Apresident.B.ABuddhistpriest.C.Ageneral.D.Aking.42.ApartfrommodernizingBhutan,whatelsedidWangchuckwanttodoforBhutan?A.Tomakeitspopulationgrow.B.Tokeepitseparatefromtheworld.C.Toencourageitspeopletogetrich.D.Tokeepitstraditionandcustoms.43.AcountryshowsitsprogresswithGNPbyA.sellingmoreproducts.B.spendingmoremoney.C.spendinglessmoney.D.providingmorejobs.44.AccordingtoGNH,peoplearehappieriftheyA.havenewtechnology.B.canchangetheirreligion.C.haveagood,stablegovernment.D.havemoremoney.45.Today,manycountriesareA.usingtheprinciplesofGNHtomeasuretheirprogress.B.workingtogethertodevelopacommonscaletomeasureGNH.C.takingbothBhutanandBrazilassymbolsforsocialprogress.D.tryingtofindtheirownwaystomeasurehappiness.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46～50題，每題2分，共10分）下面旳短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。VoiceYourOpinion——ChangeisNeededinYouthSportsEverywhereyoulook，youseekidsbouncingabasketballorwavingatennisracquet（網(wǎng)球拍）。Andthesekidsaregettingyoungerandyounger.Insomecountries，childrencancompeteonbasketball，baseball，andvolleyballteamsstartingatagenine.（46）Andswimmingandgymnasticsclassesbeginatagefour，topreparechildrenforcompetition.It’struethatafewofthesekidswilldevelopintohighlyskilledathletesandmayevenbecomemembersofthenationalOlympicteams.（47）Thisemphasisoncompetitioninsportsishavingseriousnegativeeffects.Childrenwhogetinvolvedincompetitivesportsatayoungageoftengrowtiredoftheirsport.Manyparentspressuretheirkidstochooseonesportanddevotealltheirtimetoit.（48）But66percentoftheyoungathleteswantedtoplaymorethanonesport-forfun.Anotherproblemisthepressureimposedbyover-competitiveparentsandcoaches.Childrenarenotnaturallycompetitive.Infact，arecentstudybyPauloDavidfoundthatmostchildrendon’tevenunderstandtheideaofcompetitionuntiltheyaresevenyearsold.（49）Thethird，andbiggest，problemforyoungathletesisthelackoftimetodotheirhomework，havefun，bewithfriends—inshort，timetobekids.Whentheyareforcedtospendeveryafternoonatsportspractice，theyoftenstarttohatetheirchosensport.Asearchersfoundthat70percentofkidswhotakepartincompetitivesportsbeforetheoftwelvequitbeforetheyturneighteen.（50）Excessivecompetitiveawayalltheenjoyment.Needtorememberthepurposeofyouthsports–togivekidsachancetohavedevelopingstrong，healthybodies.A.Surveyfoundthat79percentofparentsofyoungathleteswantedtheirchildrentoconcentrateononesports.B.Theyoungsoccerorganizationhasteamsforchildrenasyoungasfive.C.Manyofthemcompletelyloseinterestinsports.D.Sportsforchildrenhavetwoimportantpurposes.E.Butwhatabouttheothers,theaveragekids?F.Veryyoungkidsdon'tknowwhytheirparentsarepushingthemsohard?第6部分：完形填空（第51～65題，每題1分，共15分）下面旳短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。Doyoueverwishyouweremoreoptimistic,someonewhoal