2022屆新高考英語(yǔ)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解段落大意題攻略

2022屆新高考英語(yǔ)沖刺精品復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解段落大意題攻略高考閱讀理解越來(lái)越注重學(xué)生的高階思維能力，提高考查高階思維能力試題的比例。高考英語(yǔ)考查閱讀理解能力主要在語(yǔ)篇層次上進(jìn)行，重視對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的精細(xì)閱讀，尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵信息的理解能力。對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)考查的試題有：理解主旨要義、理解觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度、理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)和類型、理解目的。每篇文章或者每個(gè)段落都有主旨要義，有時(shí)主旨要義是明確闡述的，有時(shí)需要從字里行間歸納總結(jié)，考查考生應(yīng)能識(shí)別或總結(jié)概況文章或段落的主旨要義。每年高考試題中常常會(huì)有兩道主旨要義題，一道考查段落大意，一道是考查文章主旨或者選最正確標(biāo)題。段落是文章整體的一局部，理解了每個(gè)段落，那么文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)就好理解了，主旨也就一目了然。那么怎么做好段落大意題呢？【題型解讀】.命題要求：主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一段文字的深層理解程度以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確把握段落主旨大意的能力。.設(shè)題角度：既考查考生的閱讀理解能力，又考查考生的深層次推理、概括能力。3,解題思路：通過(guò)略讀捕捉段落中的關(guān)鍵詞和主題句，把握段落結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,梳理出段落脈絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，最終歸納出段落大意。4.解題方法：找出段落的主題句。段落的主題句就是段落的中心，其它句子就是圍繞著這個(gè)中心展開(kāi)。段落的主題句多出現(xiàn)在段落開(kāi)頭或者結(jié)尾?！菊_選項(xiàng)特征】.概括性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全段主要內(nèi)容。常含有抽象名詞或概括性詞語(yǔ)。一般不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息，不含過(guò)分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞。.精確性強(qiáng)，所使用的概括性語(yǔ)言不會(huì)失去表意的程度及色彩。.范圍恰當(dāng),既不太大，也不太小?！靖蓴_選項(xiàng)特征】.以偏概全。概括的范圍過(guò)于狹窄，只闡述了段落的一局部?jī)?nèi)容，某些局部信息或某一個(gè)方面。.斷章取義。以段落中的個(gè)別信息或個(gè)別字眼作為選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)冒充段落中心。.主題擴(kuò)大。歸納、概括的范圍過(guò)大，超過(guò)文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容。.張冠李戴。命題者有意把屬于A的特征放在B上?！窘忸}技巧】段落大意題:〃一定、二找、三歸納〃一定■掃描題干，確定題干關(guān)鍵信息二找■讀該段內(nèi)容，找出能總結(jié)段落大意的關(guān)鍵詞或者主題句三歸納三歸納三歸納歸納本段大意，得出答案三歸納歸納本段大意，得出答案【真題例如】（2021?新高考I卷?D?節(jié)選）Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Ttisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives（視角）fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?Itsappealtothepublic.Expectationsforfuturestudies.Itspracticalapplication.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【思路分析】一定：定位題干中的關(guān)鍵詞：thelastparagraph>emotionalintelligence二找：用關(guān)鍵詞"emotionalintelligence”尋讀，在文中找到信息源：“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives.?.“可知,我們希望在未來(lái)的數(shù)十年后，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步提供新的視角來(lái)研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾硭麄兊纳?。三歸納：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)和信息句，題干中“Expectations”替換了文中的“willexciteagreaterinterestin;willoffernewperspectives^,進(jìn)行了語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)化。應(yīng)選B。鞏固練習(xí)AThesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustraliaovertheageof15whodoesn'townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecallsanywhere,anytime.（2021全國(guó)高考乙卷B篇）1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones?A.Theirtargetusers.B.Theirwidepopularity.C.Theirmajorfunctions.D.Theircomplexdesign.BEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking.（2021年高考d匕京卷D篇）2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.CAtthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans.nTous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions/andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.（2021高考浙江卷C篇）3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.DThecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動(dòng)作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.（2020全國(guó)卷HIB篇）4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking“Apes."B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.Thepublicityabout"Apes."D.Theperformanceofrealapes.EMeanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending一“bad”tables,crowding,highprices-don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout'bad'tablesJgiventhatthey'reprofitable.Asfbrcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffetspriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.（2018江蘇B篇）5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?Tipstoattractmorecustomers.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.Waystoimproverestaurants9reputation.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.FTerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition-hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.（2017年全國(guó)II卷C篇）6.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.GThephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlex