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2010- 年外國語大學翻譯考 匯總（跨考/91327 （注意：答案必須寫在答題紙上（考試時間180分 總分100分Choosetheoneanswerthatbestexplainstheunderlinedwordorphraseinthesentence.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(20Thenativeoppositiontoauthoritybeganatmidnight,whenagangofyouthsmassacredtheNewtonfamilyandsetthehouseafire.A.approbationB.rebellionC.recriminationD.Theirrelationsduringthedivorceproceedingshadbeenmostlyfriendly,sohisbelligerenceinthejudge’schamberssurprisedher.A.antebellumB.trustC. D.TheSenateRepublicans,outragedbytheirtreatment,wereinabellicoseA.quarrelsomeB.troublesomeC.charmingD.ThewholeEuropeslumberedthroughtheDarkAgewithoutanysparksofA. B.smotheredC. D.Astheseriousnessofthesituationslowlybecameapparent,thecrowd’smoodchangedfromanxietytohysteria.A.gravidB.gravitateC.gravitasD.fortablewiththeirmeanjokes,hetriedtoraisethetoneoftheA.alleviateB.elevateC.gravitateD.Thedetectivesinsistedonadetailedandsequentialaccountoftheevening’sevents.A.tailoredB.standardC.orderedD.Asocietyshouldnothaveastrongdesiretosomeutopianideal,butstriveforsomethingA. C. D.ConditionsonthenoisyhallwaywerenotatallconducivetoA. B. C. D.Hesometimesthoughtthatmissingthatplanehadbeenthemostconsequentialeventofhislife.A. B. C. D.Theassistant’sobsequiousmannerdrovetheotheremployeesA. B. C. D.Thedevelopmentoffemalewritersishinderedbytheextremeconventionalityoftheothersex.A. B. C. D.Thosedissentersofwesternizationmadenomentionofthehealthyaspectsofglobalization.A. B. C. D.Beforedecidingtolitigatethematter,theyhadtriedtonegotiateasolutionoutofcourt.A. B. C. D.Thecompanyissuedaretractionthenextday,apologizingtothosewhohadbeenoffended.A. B. C. D.InItalyarecord89internationaldesignersunveiledspring/summercollections,whichresultedinfashionconfusion.A.underlinedB. C. D.Thenewstudyofthepainting’sprovenanceprovedittobeagenuineA. B. C. D.Heronlyexcuseforherbehaviorwasherwell-knownmercurialA. B. C. D.TheasteroidsinoursolarsystemmayberemnantsofaprimevalcloudofA. B. C. D.SpringandallitsblossomsareephemeralherebutamomentandthenA.long-livedB.short- C. D.Ineachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourunderlinedparts,markedwithA,B,CandD.Identifythepartthatisgrammaticallyincorrect.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(10points).Manyobjectsofdailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunctionweredeterminedbyCnon-scientificmodesofDAbsurdrandomfailuresthatautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosAwhichresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaproblemin Oneexplanationforthetendencyofanimalstobelessvigilant insmallergroupsthaninlargeronesassumesthattheCBehavior—lookingup,forexample—isaimedatDTheearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonifphotography’sfidelityto appearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineDItispossibleforstudentstoobtainadvanceddegreesinAthatknowinglittleornothingabouttraditionalscholarlymethods. Asamemberofthemiddleclass,GaskellcouldhardlyAapproachingworking-classlifeasanoutsideobserverandareporter,andthereaderofthenovelisalwaysunconsciousofthis Thetwomaincausesarepopulationpressures,especiallythepressuresoflargemetropolitanpopulations,andthedesire—aAhighlycommendableone—tobringadecentlifeatthelowest possiblecosttothelargestpossiblenumberofDUptonowwehavetriedtodoalittlebitofeverything—Atriedtodoitintheheadlines—thatwhatweoughttodofirstis drawupalistofpriorities.Theoutputoflightandheatfromthesunrequiresthatsome600milliontonsofhydrogenbeconvertedintoheliuminthesuneverysecond. ThecontemporaryThanksgivingturkeyisanengineeredproduct, streamlineandmarketedbygiantturkeyfactoriesformodernconsumers. Beloweachofthefollowingfourpassagesyouwillfindquestionsorpletestatementsaboutthepassage.Eachstatementorquestionisfollowedbyletteredwordsorexpressions.Selectthewordorexpression accordancewiththemeaningofthepassage.WriteyouranswersonANSWERSHEET(40Peopleappeartobeborntocompute.Thenumericalskillsofchildrendevelopsoearlyandsoinexorablythatitiseasytoimagineaninternalclockofmathematicalmaturityguidingtheirgrowth.Notlongafterlearningtowalkandtalk,theycansetthetablewithimpressiveaccuracy—oneplate,oneknife,onespoon,onefork,foreachofthefivechairs.Soontheyarecapableofnotingthattheyhaveplacedfiveknives,spoons,andforksonthetable,andabitlater,thatthisamountstofifteenpiecesofsilverware.Havingthusmasteredaddition,theymoveontosubtraction.Itseemsalmostreasonabletoexpectthatifachildweresecludedonadesertislandatbirthandretrievedsevenyearslater,heorshecouldenterasecond-grademathematicsclasswithoutanyseriousproblemsofinlectualadjustment.Ofcourse,thetruthisnotsosimple.Thiscentury,theworkofcognitivepsychologistshasilluminatedthesubtleformsofdailylearningonwhichinlectualprogressdepends.Childrenwereobservedastheyslowlygrasped—orasthecasemightbebumpedinto—conceptsthatadultstakeforgranted,astheyrefused,forinstance,toconcedethattyisunchangedaswaterpoursfromashortstoutglassintoatallthinone.Psychologistshavesincedemonstratedthatyoungchildren,askedtocountthepencilsinapile,readilyreportthenumberofblueorredpencils,butmustbecoaxedintofindingthetotal.Suchstudieshavesuggestedthattherudimentsofmathematicsaremasteredgradually,andwitheffort.Theyhavealsosuggestedthattheveryconceptof numbers—theideaofaoneness,atwoness,athreenessthatappliestoanyclassofobjectsandisaprerequisitefornganythingmoremathematicallydemandingthansettingatable—isitselffarfrominnate.WhatdoesthepassagemainlyTrendsinteachingmathematicstoTheuseofmathematicsinchildThedevelopmentofmathematicalabilityinThefundamentalconceptsofmathematicsthatchildrenmustItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatchildrennormallylearn soonaftertheylearntobylookingatthewhentheybegintobemathematicallyaftertheyreachsecondgradeinTheauthorimpliesthatmostsmallchildrenbelievethatthetyofwaterchangeswhenitistransferredtoacontainerofadifferent.Accordingtothepassage,whensmallchildrenwereaskedtocountapileofredandbluepencilsthey countedthenumberofpencilsofeachguessedatthetotalnumberofcountedonlythepencilsoftheirfavoritesubtractedthenumberofredpencilsfromthenumberofblueWithwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbeLEASTlikelytoagree?ChildrennaturallyandeasilylearnChildrenlearntoaddbeforetheylearntoMostpeoplefollowthesamepatternofmathematicalMathematicaldevelopmentissubtleandHumanvision,likethatofotherprimates,hasevolvedinanarborealenvironment.Inthedense,complexworldofatropicalforest,itismoreimportanttoseewellthantodevelopanacutesenseofsmell.Inthecourseofevolution,membersoftheprimatelinehaveacquiredlargeeyeswhilethesnouthasshrunktogivetheeyeanunimpededview.Ofmammals,onlyhumansandsomeprimatesenjoycolorvision.Theredflagisblacktothebull.Horsesliveinamonochromeworld.Lightvisibletohumaneyes,however,occupiesonlyaverynarrowbandinthewholeelectromagneticspectrum.Ultravioletraysareinvisibletohumans,thoughantsandhoneybeesaresensitivetothem.Humanshavenodirectperceptionofinfraredrays,unliketherattlesnake,whichhasreceptorstunedintowavelengthslongerthan0.7micron.Theworldwouldlookeerilydifferentifhumaneyesweresensitivetoinfraredradiation.Then,insteadofthedarknessofnightwewouldbeabletomoveeasilyinastrange,shadowlessworldwhereobjectsglowedwithvaryingdegreesofintensity.Buthumaneyesexcelinotherways.Theyare,infact,remarkablydiscerningincolorgradation.Thecolorsensitivityofnormalhumanvisionisrarelysurpassedevenbysophisticatedtechnicaldevices.WhatdoesthepassagemainlyUltravioletHumanSightandTheenvironmentofWhydoestheauthormentionthe“tropicalToexplainwhyprimateshavedevelopedkeenTosuggestthatprimatesneedtoseeonlythecolorTogiveanexampleofenvironmentalToindicatewherelarge-eyedprimatescanbeTheword“monochrome”isclosestinmeaningtowhichoftheOne-One-Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethathumanscouldmovemoreeasilyatnightifthey hadanarrowerfieldofwerecolor-hadinfraredlivedinanarborealAccordingtothepassage,theabilityofhumanstodistinguishcolordifferencesis B. C. D.Accordingtosomescientists,migratorybirdsshouldbeabletowithstandthewinter.Abird’sfeatherycoatisgoodinsulationagainstthecold.Becauseabirdiswarm-blooded,itsbodytemperaturealwaysremainsconstant,evenifthetemperatureofitssurroundingschanges.Thefactorsthattriggermigratorybehaviorinbirdsaredifficulttoexplain.Thisbehaviorseemstobeinstinctive,notlearned.Forexamplemanynorthernspeciesleavetheirsummerhomeswhiletheweatherisstillwarmandthefoodsupplyplentiful.Youngarcticternsbornatthearcticbreedinggroundswilltakeoffwiththeflockfordistantlandstheyhaveneverseen.Birdmigrationsareprobablyregulatedbytheglandularsystem.Scientiststhatthechanginglengthofthedayisthefactorthattriggersmigratorybehavior.Inanexperiment,migratorybirdswerekeptinartificiallylightedrooms.Itwasfoundthatifperiodsofdarknesswerelengthenedproportionay,theglandsofthebirdsbecameactive.Theseglandssecretehormones,whicharechemicalsthatcontrolnumerousbodyfunctions.Shorterperiodsofdaylightseemtochangethehormonebalanceofbirds,sothattheyretainmorefat.Thisstoredfatthatprovidestheenergyforalongflight.Thesameexperimentrevealedthatthebirdsbecamemoreexcitedastheartificialnightwaslengthened.Itisprobablynocoincidencethatmostflocksbegintheirmigratoryflightsduringthenight.WhatdoesthepassagemainlyCommonmigratorypathsforWhybirdsSpeciesofbirdsthatdonotMigrationincoldAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingprotectsbirdsagainstcoldweather? B. C. D.ArtificialInthe2ndparagraph,theauthormentionsyoungarcticternsasanexampleofbirdsthat donotbreedduringmigrateadapttotheAccordingtothepassage,birdsexposedtolongerperiodsofdarknessexperienceallofthefollowingchangesEXCEPT activatedexcitedretentionofmoreincreasedIntheexperimentmentionedinthepassage,thescientistsadjustedthe foodbodyexposuretobrainThewindsoftheearthbehaveinaccordancewithonesimplepattern:equalizethesurfacetemperaturesbycarryingheatawayfromtheequatorandmovingittowardsthepoles.Becausetheprocessisenormousinscale,itinvolvescomplexintricacieswhichaccountfortheunpredictabilityofweatherdespitethemoderntoolsavailabletotheforecaster.However,therearetwoobservablefeaturesofglobalatmosphericcirculationwhichareparticularlyapplicabletoNorthAmerica.Oneisthegentle,yetpersistent,sinkingcurrentwhichfallsfromtheupperatmosphere.Suchsubsidenceistheendoftheglobalconvectioncyclewhichbeginswithupdraftsofwarmairneartheequator;theairlosesmoistureasitrisesandbeginstomigratetowardsthepoles.Atapproximaythirtydegreeslatitudetheairbeginstosink,creatingthehot,dryconditionscommoninthesouthwesternU.S.throughouttheyear,butespeciallyduringthesummer.Theothersignificantpartoftheworldwidephenomenaisknownasthejetstream,ashiftingbeltofhigh-speedwindsblowingfromthewestacrossthewidthofthecontinentathighlatitudes.Thepathoftheserapidbreezesonanygivendayisakeytopredictingthesurfaceconditions.Duringthesummermonths,thewindsaregenerallyalongtheCanadianborder,althoughtheymayaltertheircourseashighasAlaskaoraslowasLouisiana.ThejetstreamgenerallypullswetairintoWashington,OregonandCanadafromthePacificOcean.InthelowerregionsofNorthAmerica,itseffectisalmosttheopposite:thewarmairfromthedesertsofMexicoandthesouthwesternU.S.ispulledtowardsthejetstreamcausinghighertemperaturesthroughoutthearea.IntheEast,however,thecoolairfromtheGulfofMexicoisdrawnupbythejetcreatingacoolingeffectfortheSouthandMidwest.Inthewinter,thejetmovestolowerlatitudesresultingingreaterrainfallforsouthwesternstateswhilethecoolCanadianaircauseswinterstorms