初中英語語法分類詳細(xì)介紹

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！不定式和動詞象一對姐妹一樣親密，本不該拆開來講，可是篇幅有限，只能讓他們分開了。不定式的構(gòu)成非常簡單，告訴我是什么?對!是to+動詞原形。當(dāng)然啦，to有時也可以不帶。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以擔(dān)當(dāng)除謂語外的任何句子成分。那什么時候可以不帶toListentomecarefully.使役動詞let,have,make等后接不定式。如：Lethimgo!讓他走!wouldrather，hadbetter后。如：Youhadbetterstayathome.你最好呆在家里。Why.../whynot...后。如：WhynothaveagoodrestonSunday?為什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?感官動詞see,watch,lookat,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省to。如：Isawhimdance.我看見他跳舞。注意：這些情況在被動句中可千萬不可省to如：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.變成被動句：Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.It與不定式：動詞不定式可以做主語，但如果動詞不定式太長，顯得頭重腳輕的，那么我們就可用形式主語it代替，而把真正主語(即不定式)放于句尾。ItisnotdifficultformetostudyEnglishwell.(對我來說學(xué)好英語是可能的。)不定式還可以充當(dāng)句子的賓語，但有些動詞，如find，think，believe等，在語法上不能承受不定式作賓語，只有用it作形式賓語，從而把動詞不定式置于句尾。這樣的不定式可繼續(xù)充當(dāng)其賓語的作用。Ifounditdifficulttofall睡。還有一點(diǎn)：動詞不定式，還可用在how，when，where，what，which等疑問代詞或副詞之后，與其共同作賓語。如：Idon'tknowhowtouseaputer.我不知道怎樣使用電腦。Remember?too...to...和enough...to：too...to表達(dá)"太...一致于不能..."。enough...to表達(dá)"足以..."。這兩個詞組的用法用兩個例子就可以說清楚了。Theboxistooheavyformetolift.這個箱子太沉了，我提不動。Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上學(xué)的年齡了。也就是說，他的年齡足夠上學(xué)了。記住這兩個句子就可以舉一反三，應(yīng)用自如。你記住了嗎?好吧，再試一把趁熱打鐵!1.Tellhimthewindow.A.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.tonotcloseD.notclose2.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning3.You'dbetterthestoryinJapanese.A.sayB.speakC.tellD.talk4.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating5.----Iusuallygotherebytrain.----Whynotbyboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing6.Therearesomebooksonthefloor,wouldyoulike?A.topickthemupB.topickupthemC.pickitupD.pickupit7.Sheisveryill,let'sadoctoratonce.A.towakeupB.sendforC.topayforD.payfor8.IwantateacherwhenIgrowup.A.tobeB.toC.beD.being9.It'scoldhere.You'dbetteryourcoat.A.nottakeoutB.nottotakedownC.nottakeoffD.nottotakeaway10.Mymothertoldmemorewater.A.drinkingB.drankC.todrinkD.drink1.You'dbetterreadinthesun.A.nottoB.notC.don'tD.to2.Youaren'tanewdriver,areyou?.A.No,IamB.Yes,I'mnotC.No,youareD.Yes,Iam3.MustIstayherenow?.A.No,youmustn'tB.No,youneedn'tC.Yes,youcanD.Yes,youmay4.Thereis"s"intheword"bus".A.aB.anC.theD./5.Neithereofusadoctor.A.isB.isn'tC.areD.aren't6.Whowasthefirstinthegirls'race?A.400metreB.400-metreC.400metresD.400-metres7.It'stoonoisyhere,Ican't.A.gotosleepB.falltosleepC.sleepingD.gettosleep8.ThestoryhappenedtheeveningofOctober20,1995.A.atB.onC.inD.to9.CouldIspeaktoMrGao,please?.Hehasgonetothehospital.A.IthinksoB.Certainly,youcanC.I'mafraidnotD.I'mnotsure10.I'msorrytotroubleyou,MissHu..A.Fine,thankyou.B.Allright.C.It'sverykindofyou.D.Itdoesn'tmatter.11.Canyoutellmewhere?A.isthepostofficeB.thepostofficeisC.doesthepostofficeD.thepostofficedoes12.InEngland,thefirstnameisname,butinChina,thefirstnameisname.A.family,givenB.given,familyC.family,familyD.given,given13.LiPingmetanoldfriendofonatrainyesterday.A.heB.himC.hisD.her14.Kateisgirl.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aeighteen-years-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aneighteen-year-old15.Ourcityisgetting.A.beautifulandbeautifulB.beautifulerandbeautifulerC.moreandmorebeautifulD.morebeautiflerandmorebeautifuler動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動詞，連系動詞，助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。行為動詞可分為及物動詞(vt)和不及物動詞(vi)，及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語，后跟賓語；不及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨(dú)作謂語，但后面不能直接跟賓語，如要帶賓語那么與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語。如：MoreandmorepeoplestudyEnglish.(vt)Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteachercarefully.(vi)連系動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動詞有be,get,turn,bee,look,feel,grow,seem,sound,taste,smell等。如：Ourcountryisbeingstrongerandstronger.Itfeelsdamp.助動詞本身無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否認(rèn)，疑問及動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法特征，助動詞有be,do,have,shall,will等。如：Howdoyouusuallyetoschool?Thechildrenareplayingyo-yonow.情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和主要動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞有can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare等。如：CanIhelpyou?-Mustwegonow?-No,youneedn't.a.can與beableto的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時，指本身有能力的"能"；beableto用于各種時態(tài)均可，指須經(jīng)過努力而"能"。b.must與have/hasto的用法。must表示說話人主觀認(rèn)為"必須"，只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時；have/hasto表示客觀需要，意為"不得不"，它可用于各種時態(tài)。c．need和dare既可作情態(tài)動詞也可作行為動詞。以上對動詞的種類知識的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí)，相信同學(xué)們已經(jīng)能很好的掌握了吧，希望同學(xué)們在考試中取得很好的成績。TolearnEnglishisveryimportant.但實(shí)際上不定式作主語常用it來作形式主語，而將不定式移至謂語動詞后作真正的主語。如上句可表達(dá)為：It'sveryimportanttolearnEnglish.Myideaistoringhimupatonce.IhavedecidedtogotoBinjiangPrimarySchool.a.ask,want,teach,tell,know,wouldlike,allow等動詞后面接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：Thepolicemenaskedhimtogetoffthebus.b.hear,see,lookat,feel,watch,notice,listento等動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：WeoftenseeMissLicleantheclassroom.c.let,make,have這些使役動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但在被動語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。如：Inthosedaysthebossesoftenmadetheworkersworkdayandnight.d.動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，可帶to也可不帶to。如：Canyouhelpme(to)carrytheheavybag?a.與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.但如果不定式動詞為不及物動詞，后面的介詞千萬不要省略。如：Maybetheyhavethreeroomstolivein.b.與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。如：MrLiangisalwaysthefirsttoeandthelasttoleave.c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。如：Ihavenotimetoplaycards.如：I'llgotomeetmyfriendattherailwaystation.如：It'sdangerousforyoutoridesofast.It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.如：Idon'tknowwhentostart.Hedidn'ttellmewheretogo.但上面構(gòu)造相當(dāng)于一個從句，故上述句子也可表達(dá)為：Idon'tknowwhenwe'llstart.Hedidn'ttellmewherehewouldgo.注意：a.有些動詞或動詞短語不能帶不定式，只能接動詞的-ing形如：enjoy,finish,keep,mind,busy,go式。on,keepon,beworth,practise等。如：Thepeasantsarebusypickingapples.Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?b.有些動詞后可接不定式，也可接動詞的-ing形式，但意思不同。如：LuJianforgottoposttheLuJianforgotpostingtheTheystoppedtosingasong.(停頓在做的工作而去做另一件工作)Theystoppedsinging.(停頓正在做的工作)動詞與介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的固定短語，叫短語動詞。主要有四類：有的一般不跟賓語，如goahead,fallbehind,getup,liedown,goup,runout,givein,stayup等；有的可以跟賓語，如putout,carryout,giveup,wakeup,checkin,eatup,fillin,findout,fixup,handin,mixup,lookup,makeout,turndown,workout等。注意：賓語是名詞時，放在副詞前面或后面都可以，但假設(shè)作賓語的是人稱代詞時，就只能放在動詞和副詞之間了。如：We’vedecidedtoputthemeetingoff(=putoffthemeeting).我們決定把會議推遲。We’vedecidedtoputitoff.putoffit)如askfor,carefor,callfor,breakinto,dealwith,callon,lookfor等。后面必須接賓語。如：Idon’tcarefortea.我不喜歡喝茶。如lookforwardto,putupwith,lookedupto,goinfor,goalongwith,datebackto,lookdownon,keepupwith,addupto,runoutof等。如：Shesoon