2023學年完整版Unit2Sportingevents情態(tài)動詞

Unit2Sportingevents情態(tài)動詞（1）一.情態(tài)動詞的概念：所謂情態(tài)動詞是指它含有一定的含意.可以表達某種感情和說話的口氣，但是它不可以單獨使用作謂語動詞。情態(tài)動詞有：can(could)，may(might)，must(must)，haveto，shall(should)，will(would)，need(need)，dare(dared)，oughtto。要注意的是：1)情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2)情態(tài)動詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式。3)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱,數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4）情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞等形式。二.can,could和beableto1.cancould表示能力或客觀可能性，還可以表示請求和允許。只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。beableto可以用于各種時態(tài)。如:(1)Canyoufinishthisworktonight?(2)Mancannotlivewithoutair.(3)CanIgonow?Yes,youcan.(4)Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。2.只用beableto：a.位于助動詞后。b.情態(tài)動詞后。c.表示過去某時刻動作時。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。如：HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.3.could也可表示請求。語氣委婉.主要用于疑問句.不可用于肯定句，答語應用Can。如:1).---CouldIhavethetelevisionon?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.2).----CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?---Yes,youcan.(否定答語可以用No,I’mafraidnot).在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。如：Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是壞人。4.表示驚異，懷疑，不相信態(tài)度。（主要用在否定旬、疑問句或感嘆句中）Canthisbetrue?Howcanyoubesocareless!Thiscannotbedonebyhim.5.can(could)+have+過去分詞”的疑問或否定形式表示對過發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。例如:Hecannothavebeentothattown.Canhehavegotthebook?can't/couldn’t可表否定推測。如：IfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。6.can習慣用法：①cannotbut不得不；如：Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.我不得不佩服他的勇氣。②cannot(couldn't)help+doing情不自禁；如：WhenIheardwhatthelittlegirlsaidIcouldn’thelplaughing.當我聽見小女孩所講的，不禁大笑起來。③canbut只好，不得不；如：Wecanbutagreewithhim.我們只好同意他。④cannot...too...怎么……也不過分；如：Youcannotbetoocarefulinthechoiceofyourfriends.你在選擇朋友時，怎么小心也不過分。三.may和might1.表示許可。表示請求、允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時要用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。例如：Youmaydrivethecar.MightIuseyourpen?No,youmustn’t.(用MayI…征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣。在日常用語中用Can。)2.表示推測、可能(疑問句不能用于此意)Hemaybeverybusynow.3.用于析使句中表示祝愿。Mayyousucceed!4.表示請求或規(guī)勸。Youmightpaymoreattentiontome.5.“may(might)+have+過去分詞”表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。例如：Hemaynothavefinishedthework.might的其他用法：①maynot表示一種禮貌的“不可”。如：Youmaynotleavethethinghalfdone.②might可表示忠告，責備。如：Yonhavebrokentwodishes.Youmighttrytobemorecareful.③maywell+原形，理所當然Youmaywellsayso.你當然可以這樣講。④May/mightaswell=hadbetter最好如：Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.我們最好是留在原處。Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.⑤May/mightaswell+原形+as+原形與其……不如；最好……不要；如：Youmightaswellthrowyourmoneyawayaslendittohim.你要借給他錢,不如把錢扔了。Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will四.haveto和must1.must表示必須，強調(diào)的是一種主觀看法。也表示責任或義務.而haveto表示必須時強調(diào)的是客觀需要。haveto可以用在更多的時態(tài)中。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他說他們必須努力工作.（主觀上要做這件事）Youmustobeytherules.(責任或義務)Youwillhavetodoitagain.你將不得不再做一次?；卮餸ust引出的問句時,如果是否定的回答,不能用mustn’t,而要用needn’t或don’thaveto。如：Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?Yes,youmust.(No,youdon’thaveto.)2.“mustbe+表語”的結(jié)構表示推測。它的否定或疑問形式用can代替must。Thismustbeyourpen.3.must+have+過去分詞”的結(jié)構常用在肯定句中,表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的推測。它的否定或疑問形式用can代替must。HemusthavebeentoShanghai.4.must一般只表現(xiàn)在，have則有更多的時態(tài)形式。5.二者的否定意義不大相同.Mustn’t表“禁止”,don’thaveto(=needn’t)表沒有必要。例如：Yonmustn’tgo.你可不要去。Youdon’thavetogo.你不必去。6.詢問對方的意愿時應用must。例如：MustIcleanalltheroom?五.will和would1.表示請求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。Wouldyoupassmethesalt?2.表示意志、愿望和決心。Iwillneverdothatagain.Theyaskedusifwewoulddothatagain.3.表示習慣動作。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.4.表示預言。Oilwillfloatonwater.5.用“willbe”和“will十have十過去分詞”的結(jié)構表示推測，主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測，后者表示對已經(jīng)完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測。Thiswillbethebookyouwant.Hewillhavearrivedbynow.可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。would表過去習慣時比usedto正式。并沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習慣”的含義。Thewoundwouldnotheal.Duringthevacationhewouldvisitmeeveryweek.7.表料想或猜想。Itwouldbeabouttenwhenhelefthome.Whatwouldshebedoingthere?Ithoughthewouldhavetoldyouallaboutit.like；Wouldliketodo=wantto想要，為固定搭配。Wouldyouliketogowithme?9.Willyou…?Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some,而不是any。Wouldyoulikesomecake?10.否定結(jié)構中用will，一般不用would,won'tyou是一種委婉語氣。Won'tyousitdown?六.Shall,should和oughtto1.shall用于第一人稱表示征求對方的意見：Whatshallwedonext?2.shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中.表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。Shallwebeginourmeeting?Whenshallweleavethehospital?3.shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。Youshallfailifyoudon’tworkharder.(警告);HeshallhaveabookwhenIfinishreading(允諾);Heshallbepunished.(威脅)4.表示推測或可能。Theyshouldfinishtheworkbynow.5.should表示勸告、義務、建議、命令，其同義詞是oughtto；在疑問句中。通常用should代替oughtto。WeshouldlearnsomeEnglish.Youshouldgotoclassrightaway.ShouldIopenthewindow?注意：should的含義較多，用法靈活?，F(xiàn)介紹三種其特殊用法。請看下面句子：Ishouldthinkitwouldbebettertotryitagain.我倒是認為最好再試一試。Youaremistaken.Ishouldsay.依我看，你是搞錯了。Ishouldadviseyounottodothat我倒是勸你別這樣做。ThisissomethingIshouldhavelikedtoaskyou.這是我本來想問你的。從以上例句可以看出：情態(tài)動詞should用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。此外,Why/How_+should結(jié)構表示說話人對某事不能理解，感到以外、贊嘆、憤怒、驚異等感情，意思為“竟會”。例如：Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天怎么來這么晚？--WhereisBettyliving?Betty住哪兒？--HowshouldIknow?我怎么會知道。Idon’tknowwhyyoushouldthinkthatIdidit.我真不知道你憑什么認為這件事是我干的。6.should表示允許。Itshouldbereadyatnoon.7.should+have+過去分詞,表示應該做而實際上沒有做到.Youshouldhavestartedearlier.8.should和oughtto都為"應該"的意思，可用于各種人稱。---Oughthetogo?---Yes.Ithinkheoughtto.9.表示要求，命令時，語氣由should（應該）、hadbetter最好）、must（必須）漸強。七.need和dare表示“需要或必須”。作情態(tài)動詞時，僅用于否定句或疑問句中。在肯定句中一般用must，haveto，oughtto，或should代替。例如：Youneedn’tcomesoearly.--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,youmust/No,youneedn't.注意needn’t+不定式的完成式，表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事。Youneedn’thavewaitedforme.作情態(tài)動詞時，主要用于疑同句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。HowdareyousayI’munfair.Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?和need常作實義動詞。有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化.所不同的是作實義動詞時，在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在否定和疑問同中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。Idaretoswimacrossthisriver.Hedoesnotdare(to)answer.Don’tyoudare(to)touchit!Iwonderedhedare(to)saythat.Heneedstofinishitthisevening.4.need的被動含義：need,want,require,worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動：needdoing=needtobedone八.hadbetter表示"最好"1.hadbetter相當于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。hadbetterdosth；hadbetternotdosth如：Itisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.She'dbetternotplaywiththedog.2.hadbetterhavedonesth表示與事實相反的結(jié)果，意為"本來最好"。Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.九wouldrather表示"寧愿"wouldratherdo；wouldrathernotdowouldrather…than…寧愿……而不愿。還有wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.----Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?----Which___do?A.doyouratherB.wouldyouratherC.willyouratherD.shouldyourather十.情態(tài)動詞的回答方式問句肯定回答否定回答Needyou…?Yes,Imust.No,Ineedn'tMustyou…?/don'thaveto.1）---CouldIborrowyourdictionary?---Yes,ofcourse,you____.A.mightB.willC.canD.should答案C.could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時態(tài)。答語中ofcourse，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時，用can和may來表達，不能用could或might。2）---ShallItellJohnaboutit?---No,you_____.I'vetoldhimalready.A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't答案A。needn't不必，不用。wouldn't將不,不會的。mustn't禁止、不能。shouldn't不應該。本題為不需要，不必的意思，應用needn't。3）---Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.---______.A.Idon'tB.Iwon'tC.Ican'tD.Ihaven't答案B.will既可當作情態(tài)動詞，表請求、建議、也可作為實義動詞表"意愿、意志、決心"，本題表示決心，選B。十一、帶to的情態(tài)動詞帶to的情態(tài)動詞有四個：oughtto,haveto,usedto,beto,如加上havegotto,(=must),beableto，為六個。它們的疑問，否定形式應予以注意：Dotheyhavetopaytheirbillbeforetheendofthemonth?Shedidn'tusetoplaytennisbeforeshewasfourteen.Yououghtnottohavetoldherallaboutit.Oughthetoseeaheartspecialistatonce?oughtto本身作為情態(tài)動詞使用。其他的詞作為實義動詞使用，變疑問，否定時，須有do等助動詞協(xié)助。如：Tomoughtnotto___meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold答案A。由于后句為過去時，告訴秘密的動作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應用過去完成時，但它在情態(tài)動詞oughtto后，所以用have。十二、情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞1)may(might)have+donesth,can(could)have+donesth表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philipmay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.Philipcan(could)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.2)musthave+donesth，對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。---Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.---Shemusthavegonebybus.3)oughttohavedonesth,shouldhavedonesth本應該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.（事實上已扔了。）oughtto在語氣上比should要強。4)needn'thavedonesth本沒必要做某事Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butIneedn'thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.5)wouldliketohavedonesth本打算做某事Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.1.He

______

youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.

A.mighthavegiven

B.mightgive

C.mayhavegiven

D.maygive2.Jenny______

havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.

A.must

B.should

C.need

D.would3.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?

-Yes,ofcourseyou_________.

A.might

B.willC.can

D.should4.ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI______forher.

A.hadtowriteitout

B.musthavewrittenitout

C.shouldhavewrittenitout

D.oughttowriteitout5.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?

—No,you______.I'vetoldhimalready.

A.needn't

B.wouldn't

C.mustn't

D.shouldn't6.─Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.

─It______

acomfortablejourney.

A.can'tbe

B.shouldn'tbe

C.mustn'thavebeen

D.couldn'thavebeen7.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack______

behereatanymoment.

A.must

B.need

C.should

D.can8..Whenhewasthere,he______gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterwork

everyday.

A.would

B.shouldC.hadbetter

D.might9.Sir,you_____besittinginthiswaitingroom.Itisforwomenandchildrenonly.

A.oughtn'tto

B.can't

C.won't

D.needn't10.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone______getout.

A.hadto

B.would

C.could

D.wasableto11.--WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.

--They_____bereadyby12:00.

A.can

B.should

C.might

D.needstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.

--Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayed

B.couldstay

C.wouldstay

D.musthavestayed13.－Willyoustayforlunch?

－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿,Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.

A.Imustn't

can't

C.Ineedn't

won't14.SorryI'mlate.I______haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.

A.might

B.should

C.can

D.will15.Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI_______notfindthetime.A.would

B.could

C.might

D.should16.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe___yourlecture.

A.couldn'thaveattended

B.needn'thaveattended

C.mustn'thaveattended

D.shouldn'thaveattended17.---AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?---I'mnotsure.I________gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might18.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_________itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?

A.can

B.should

C.may

D.must19Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe________agoal.

A.hadscored

B.scored

C.wouldscore

D.wouldhavescored20.—Writetomewhenyougethome.

—_________

A.Imust

B.Ishould

C.Iwill

D.Ican21.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.mustn'tleave B.Shouldn'thaveleftC.Couldn'thaveleft D.needn'tleave22.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach,I______

somuchfriedchickenjustnow.A.shouldn’t’tcut

B.mustn’t’thaveeatenC.shouldn’