初中英語時態(tài)超好講解2

動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時，動詞用原型；一般時單數(shù)三人稱，動詞加“s”。一般過去時，動詞加“ed”。Iwork.Heworks.Iworked.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,進(jìn)行時例句：Iamworking.過去進(jìn)行時,am,is,are,+-ing。was,were,+-ing。例句：Iwasworking.將來時一般將來時，would加動原。過去將來時，will加動原。Iwillwork.Iwouldwork.完成時現(xiàn)在完成時，have/has加過分。Ihaveworked.過去完成時，had加過分。Ihadworked.各種時態(tài)的用法一、一般現(xiàn)在時1.用法：A.現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài)

I

leave

home

for

school

at

7

every

morning.

B.客觀事實和真理。The

earth

moves

around

the

sun.C.表示格言或警句中。

Pride

goes

before

a

fall.驕者必敗2.標(biāo)志詞:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/…1.Theboyusually___(get)toschoolearly.2.Light______(travel)fasterthansound.getstravelsExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?washplaysdoessing1._____theyoften___theseoldmen?

-Yes,they___.

A.Do;help;areB.Are;helping;are

C.Do;help;doD.Are;helped;are2.Theyusually_____TVinthe

evening.

A.watchB.willwatch

C.arewatchingD.watches3.Thesun___intheeastand___inthewest.

A.raises;setB.rise;sets

C.rises;setsD.rises;set二、一般過去時1.用法：過去的動作或狀態(tài)。

1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

Where

did

you

go

just

now?2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。When

I

was

a

child,

I

often

played

football

in

the

street.2.標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month…,inthepast；justnow=amomentagoLiMingdidn’tunderstandwhatAmericanpeoplesaid,_____?A.couldn’the B.couldhe C.didn’the D.didhe隨堂小練：ExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesyesterday.Thedaybeforeyesterdayhe________(play)basketballoverthere._____Sally______(sing)twohoursago?washedplayedDidsing1._____hereandaskhimaboutityesterday?A.DidyoucomeB.WouldyounotgoC.Youdidn'tcomeD.Aren'tyougo2.___he___agoodtimelastSunday?A.Were;wereB.Did;doC.Did;hasD.Did;have3.ThestudentshardlystudiedtheEnglishlanguage,___they?

A.didB.didn'tC.wereD.weren'tRead三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時1.用法：A.現(xiàn)刻動作：目前正在發(fā)生的動作。

Wearewaitingforyou.B.現(xiàn)階段動作：目前一個時期一直在進(jìn)行的動作，此刻不一定在進(jìn)行。

Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)

SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.

2.標(biāo)志詞：now,Look!Listen!隨堂小練：--Mike,who____footballintheyard?--Letmegoandsee.A.hasplayed B.willplay C.wasplaying D.isplayingExerciseThetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingissinging1.Look!What___thechildren___overthere?2.Thoseworkers____herethesemonths.A.arework B.areworked C.work D.areworkingA.are;do B.are;doing C.is;do D.isdoing3.--How__you___alongwithyourworkmates?--Verywell.A.do;get B.will;getC.can;getD.are;getting4.--MustIwatertheflowersnow?--No,youneedn’t.Jack_____them.A.iswatering B.watering C.waters D.iswatered注意A.有幾個瞬間動詞可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表將來，如：begin,start,come,go,leave。1.--Lucy!Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?--OK.I____.A.willcome B.come C.amcoming D.wouldcome2.--When____you____forToronto?--Tomorrow.A.do;leave B.are;leaving C.will;leaving D.shall;leaveTheboy____always____us!(夸贊)A.is;helping B.does;helpC.can;help D./;helpB.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和always連用，表示說話人較強烈的感情色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.

You____always_____thesamemistake!(責(zé)備)A.do;make B.does;makeC.is;making D.are;makingThetwins___________(wash)atthistimeyesterday.He________(play)basketballatthattime._____Sally______(sing)whenhermothercamein?waswashingwasplayingWassingingjusttry過去進(jìn)行時用法：過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作

常用時間狀語:atthistimeyesterday,atthattime,atteno’clockyesterday或when引導(dǎo)的從句

動詞構(gòu)成：was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞(--ing)

以work為例：was/wereworking否定構(gòu)成：was/werenot+現(xiàn)在分詞一般疑問構(gòu)成及簡答舉例:

Was/Were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它？

Yes,IwasNo,Iwasn’t1.Father______whenI_____yesterdaymorning.A.stillslept,gotupB.wasstillsleeping,gotupC.issleeping,gotupD.sleeps,getup2.She___applesinhergardenwhenI____toseeheryesterday.A.picked，went B.waspicking，wentC.picked，wasgoing D.waspicking，wasgoing特殊疑問句舉例：Whatwereyoudongthistimeyesterday?Wherewashestandingwhentheteachercamein?

1___theBlacks___TVatsevenyesterday?

A.Did;watchB.Are,watching

C.Were;watchingD.Do;watch2Thescientist___awalkinhisgardenatfourlastSunday.

A.wastakingB.wouldtake

C.tookD.wastaken

3What___fromninetotenlastnight?

A.didyoudoB.hadyoudone

C.haveyoudoneD.wereyoudoing

1.___theBlacks___TVatsevenyesterday?A.Did;watchB.Are,watchingC.Were;watchingD.Do;watch2.Thescientist___awalkinhisgardenatfourlastSunday.A.wastakingB.wouldtakeC.tookD.wastaken3.What___fromninetotenlastnight?A.didyoudoB.hadyoudoneC.haveyoudoneD.wereyoudoing

Thetwins___________(wash)tomorrow.He________(play)basketballthedayaftertomorrow._____Sally______(sing)inthefuture?willwashwillplayWillsingjusttry五、一般將來時1.用法：將來的動作或狀態(tài)。2.結(jié)構(gòu)：willshallbegoingto

3.標(biāo)志詞(時間狀語)：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term…,fromnowon+V.(原型)（第一人稱）shall/will/begoingto/be+不定式/beaboutto+不定式之間的區(qū)別1)shall用于第一人稱，常被will所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。

WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.

Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2)begoingto+不定式，表示將來。

a.主語的意圖，即將做某事。

Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

b.計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。

Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。

c.有跡象要發(fā)生的事

Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。

WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式，意為馬上做某事。

HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.

注意：beaboutto不能與tomorrow,nextweek等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用1.There___twomeetingstomorrowafternoon.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave2.Thetwins____tothecinemawiththeirparentstonight.A.willgo B.wouldgo C.arego D.went3.---When____wehavethemeeting?---At8.A.are B.shall C.would D.will4.--When___you___forLondon?--Nextweek.A.will;leaving B.are;leaving C.shall;leave D.have;leftThetwinssaidthey_________(wash)clothestomorrow.Hesaidhe________(play)basketballthedayaftertomorrow.Momasked_____Sally______(sing)inthefuture?wouldwashwouldplaywouldsingjusttry過去將來時用法:從過去某時間來看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),常用于賓從。常用時間狀語：thenextweek等動詞構(gòu)成：1、would/should+動原

2、was/weregoingto+動原

3、was/were(about)to+動原以work為例：would/shouldwork;was/weregoingtowork;was/were(about)towork否定構(gòu)成：would/shouldnot…was/werenot…一般疑問構(gòu)成：常用if或whether引導(dǎo)賓從特殊疑問句舉例：Heaskedwhattheywoulddothenextweek.六、過去將來時1.用法：從過去看將要發(fā)生的動作。2.結(jié)構(gòu)：wouldwas/were/goingto+v.(原型)1.--Whatdidhesayyesterday?--Hesaidhe____toSydneynextweek.A.goes B.willgo C.wouldgo D.aregoing2.--DidyoursonfailhisEnglishexamonceagain?--Yes,buthetoldmehe____hardnextterm.A.studies B.isstudying C.willstudy D.wouldstudy試題：Thetwins___________(wash)already.He________(play)basketballrecently._____Sally______(sing)inthepastfewyears?havewashedhasplayedHassungjusttry現(xiàn)在完成時用法:1、發(fā)生在過去的動作且對現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動作，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響.2、從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作常用時間狀語：already,just,never,before,recently,inthepastfewyears,ever,sofar,since+過去的點時間,for+段時間動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+過去分詞(--ed)Ihaveworkedinthepastfewyears.否定構(gòu)成：have/hasnot+過去分詞Ihavenotworkedinthepastfewyears.一般疑問構(gòu)成：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞Haveyouworkedinthepastfewyears?特殊疑問句舉例：

Whathaveyoudone

recently?

HowlonghashelivedinBeijing?備注：暫時性動詞不能與for…,since…,Howlong…等表示段時間的短語同時使用。1.用法： 12七、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去現(xiàn)在影響：作業(yè)都做完了，我能出去玩會兒嗎？這該死的！我都等了一個小時了，他怎么還不來？過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響。I

havefinished

myhomework.

過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。Ihavestayedhereforanhour！不規(guī)則過去分詞gotgottenwentgoneateeatencutcutwerebeendiddonesaidsaid不規(guī)則過去分詞tooktakenswamswumdrankdrunkputputhadhadcamecomesawseen3.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的異同點：

共同點：動作都在過去。

不同點：和現(xiàn)在有無關(guān)系。(與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去動作用現(xiàn)在完成，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的過去動作用一般過去。)Ifinishedmyhomework.(與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)的過去動作)Ihavefinishedmyhomework.(與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去動作)4.易錯點：121havegoneto+地點,表示“去了某地”。（人已走，尚未回。只用于第三人稱。）TheyhavegonetoEurope.(Theyarenothere.)havebeento+地點,表示“去過某地”。（人已回）IhavebeentoEurope.(IamnotinEuropenow.)3havebeenin+地點+時間段,表示“在/來某地多久”。IhavebeeninEuropeforthreeweeks.(IamnowstillinEurope.)25.瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞若句中出現(xiàn)時間段，則必須使用延續(xù)性動詞。瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系如下：1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.9.Theygottoknow10yearsago.10.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.11.Iboughtthecarayearago.Thefilm_________for5minutes.They____________foranhour.Theman___________foraweek.He__________theclubfor3days.They_______________for10years.He_______heresinceanhourago.Jack_______homefor2hours.Thedoor_______openforawhile.They__________since10yearsago.I_________thebookforaweek.I________thecarsinceayearago.hasbeenonhavebeenawayhasbeendeadhasbeeninhavebeenmarriedhasbeenhasbeenhasbeenhaveknownhavekepthavehad1______you___thenovelthatIlentyoulastweek?

A.Did;finishB.Have;finished

C.Are;finishedD.Do;finish

2He___inourschoolfor20yearsandhe___herein1977.

A.hastaught;cameB.hastaught;hascome

C.taught;cameD.hasteached;hascame

3Theyarelate.Thefilm___forfiveminutes.

A.hasbegunB.hasstarted

C.hasbeenonD.began1.--Whatanicebike!Howlong____you____it?--Justtwoweeks.A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had2.--Howlonghaveyou____here?--Since1997.A.arrived B.movedC.come D.lived3.--Ican’tfindmypen.____you____itanywhere?--No.Look!What’sthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seen B.Do;see C.Did;seeD.Had;seen4.--I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.--Oh,notatall.I__hereforonlyafewminutes.A.willbe B.was C.am D.havebeen5.Iwon’tgotoseethefilmbecauseI____theticket.A.lost B.havelost C.willlostD.didn’tlostThetwinssaidthey_________(wash)already.Hesaidhe________(play)basketballrecently.Momasked_____Sally______(sing)inthepastfewyears?hadwashedhadplayedhadsungjusttry過去完成時用法：1、過去某時間或動作之前完成的動作或狀態(tài)(過去的過去)。2、過去某一時間的動作延續(xù)到過去另一時間常用時間狀語：bythattime,bytheend

of…，when/before+從句，said/knew/asked的賓從中動詞構(gòu)成:had+過去分詞(--ed)

以work為例：hadworked否定構(gòu)成:hadnot+過去分詞一般疑問構(gòu)成：Had+主語+過去分詞+其它？

Yes,Ihad.No,Ihadn’t.特殊疑問句舉例：HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnedbytheendoflastterm?八、過去完成時1.用法：發(fā)生在過去的過去的動作。

They

hadgotmarried

whenhecameback.

gotmarriedcameback現(xiàn)在過去過去的過去我來晚了！沒希望了！終于結(jié)婚了！好幸福呀！現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時是一種相對存在的時態(tài)，判定時必須根據(jù)上下文找到一個可以作為參照點的過去時間，在此參照點前發(fā)生的動作都可以用過去完成時。注意：1.We____learning1000wordsbytheendoflastterm.A.finished B.havefinished C.hadfinished D.finish2.Thetrain____whenwegottothestation.A.leaves B.haveleft C.wereleavingD.hadleft3.Bythetimehereturned,hisson____supper.A.cooksB.hadcookedC.hascooked D.wascookinggetsgotwillgetisknockinghavebeendoessurfwasreadinghaveheardwentwouldputDidhappenwasdoingdoesn'trainwillgoDoplaywillnotcallhasworkedwalkedhadstarted時態(tài)綜合試題1.Sorry,I____tohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.A.won'tcome B.can'tcomeC.didn'tcome D.shouldn'tcome2.He_______thispenforfiveyears.He______itin1997.A.hasbought,bought.B.bought,boughtC.haskept,hasbought D.hashad,bought3.She_________theflowersinthegardenwhenI_________toseeheryesterday.A.watered，went B.waswatering，wentC.watered，wasgoing D.waswatering，wasgoing4.Idon'tknowifmyfriend_________.Ifhe_________,I'llletyouknow.A.comes,comes B.comes,willcomeC.willcome,comes D.willcome,willcome5.Johnsaidhe_________supper.Hewasquitefull.A.hadhadB.washaving C.had D.haseaten6.There_________twopartiesnextweek.A.aregoingtobe B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobe D.willhave7.It______10yearssinceI______here.A.is,come B.is,havecomeC.was,came D.is,came8.--Katelikeseatingchocolate.--____.Look,sheiseating.A.SoLucydoes B.SodoesLucy C.Sotheydo D.Sodothey9.Kate_________tobeduntilhermother_________back.A.won'tgo,come B.hadn'tgone,cameC.went,came D.didn'tgo,came10.Hisbrother_________fromhomeforalongtime.A.hasleft B.hasbeenawayC.left D.willleave11.--Lucy,___you____yourticket?--Notyet.A.di