初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法代詞

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之

——代詞篇JenniferHu代詞-Pronoun代詞就是代替名詞以及起名詞作用的短語(yǔ)，分句和句子的詞。中文里的人稱代詞：你，我，他，它你們，我們，他們，它們?nèi)朔Q代詞人稱代詞是指為了避免重復(fù)，用來(lái)代替前面提到過(guò)的人或物的詞，人稱代詞有人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，和主賓格的變化。什么是主格，什么是賓格？？主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(謂語(yǔ))賓語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)位置的人稱代詞叫主格放在賓語(yǔ)位置的人稱代詞叫賓格主語(yǔ)是執(zhí)行句子的行為或動(dòng)作的人或者物賓語(yǔ)，又稱受詞，是指一個(gè)動(dòng)作（動(dòng)詞）的接受者。謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成，表示主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)詞有2類，一類是Be動(dòng)詞，一類是行為動(dòng)詞do。我寫(xiě)字。如“我寫(xiě)字”中的“我”，就是主語(yǔ)，它做出“寫(xiě)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作?！皩?xiě)”則是謂語(yǔ)，而“字”是接受謂語(yǔ)“寫(xiě)”這個(gè)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，它因此被稱為賓語(yǔ)。句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主謂賓簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，主格放在謂語(yǔ)前，賓格放在謂語(yǔ)后，主謂賓。代詞的分類

人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞不定代詞指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞

第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽(yáng)性陰性中性主格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我們)you(你們)they(他們,她們,它們)賓格me(我)you(你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我們)you(你們)them(他們,她們,它們)人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。

1.人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用主格，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格

Theyalllikehimverymuch.

他們都很喜歡他。

Shegavethebookstoyouandme.

這些書(shū)是她送給你和我的。

2.人稱代詞在并列使用時(shí)的順序?yàn)椤暗诙朔Q，第三人稱，第一人稱”

You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.

你我她都喜歡音樂(lè)。（一）人稱代詞的語(yǔ)序：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式：（二、三、一）即：you/he/I復(fù)數(shù)形式：（一、二、三）即；we/you/they模仿示例,用括號(hào)里代詞的正確形式完成下列句子.例如：Maryistalkingtome(I/me)onthephone.1.(We/Us)wentswimmingatthebeachyesterday.2.(He/Him)isMichael’sgoodfriend.3Ihaven’tseen(they/them)foralongtime.4.Ilikemybossbecause(he/him)isveryfriendly.5.Kittyisolderthan(I/me)but(I/me)amolderthanSusan.6.Itold(he/him)towaitbut(he/him)didn’t.7.A:Whotookmyradio?B:(I/Me)havenoideawhotook(it/him).8.A:Wherearethefootballplayer?B:There(they/them)are.9.A:IsthatKennethoverthere?B:Yes,that’s(he/him).10.A:IsRaymondhard-working?B:Yes,(he/him)is.Everyoneintheofficerespects(he/him).It的用法：1:it作為人稱代詞時(shí)，可以表示天氣、距離、時(shí)間、環(huán)境等

What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.

今天的天氣怎么樣？-有風(fēng)。

It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.

從家到學(xué)校的路程大約5分鐘。2.it

可指不知性別的嬰兒或不確指性別的人.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadteacher.

3.it可作為形式主語(yǔ)，將不定式、動(dòng)名詞等構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)后移，使句子顯得平穩(wěn)

It’shardtoreachtheapples.

很難夠到蘋(píng)果。

It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.

對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)飯后散步是有好處的。1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that固定句型1.做某事情對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.

Itishardformetodothiswork.2.輪到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.

It’syourturntocleantheroom.3.是（某人）做某事的時(shí)候了

It’stime(forsb.)todosth.It’stimeforyoutodothehomework.4.據(jù)說(shuō)…

It’ssaidthat…It’ssaidthatyourteacherleaveourschool.5.某人花費(fèi)…做某事

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自從…以來(lái)，已經(jīng)有…（時(shí)間）了。

Itis/hasbeen+時(shí)段+since+從句(過(guò)去時(shí))7.某人發(fā)現(xiàn)/認(rèn)為/感覺(jué)到做某事是…的

findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoIfound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.

A.it’sB.itC.that2.It__myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness.

A.spentB.costC.took3.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.

A.goB.togoC.going知識(shí)清單二、物主代詞1、物主代詞分為：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，列表如下：

數(shù)、人稱、詞義類型單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)一二三一二三我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性名詞性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs

2.形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的關(guān)系：Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.

(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)請(qǐng)牢記，形容詞性物主代詞，不能獨(dú)立使用，必須用在名詞前，而名詞性物主代詞只能獨(dú)立使用，絕不可用在名詞前。Thisis______bike.(my,mine)Thisbikeis______.(my,mine)Arethosebooksmineoryours?Arethosebooksmybooksoryourbooks?那不是你的書(shū)，那是她的。1.Isherhairshorterthan______?A.meB.myC.mineD.I(全國(guó)高考)2.IsyourcameralikeBill’sandAnn’s?No,butit’sthesameas______A.herB.yoursC.themD.their(全國(guó)高考)3.Thisbikeishis,not______.A.theirB.hersC.herD.your

2.“of+名詞性物主代詞”表示所屬

Asisterofhis

isanurse.

他的一個(gè)妹妹是個(gè)護(hù)士。

Tomis

afriendofmine

我的一個(gè)朋友1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s人稱分類第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)myselfourselves

yourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself反身代詞1.反身代詞常見(jiàn)固定搭配過(guò)得愉快自學(xué)請(qǐng)隨便吃…

自言自語(yǔ)獨(dú)自為自己不要客氣陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顧自己

enjoyoneselfteach/learnoneselfsth.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself注意：oneself有單復(fù)數(shù)之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.Themanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.

A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.

A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your不定代詞不是指明代替特定名詞（或形容詞）的代詞

all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no

由some,any,no,every等構(gòu)成的合成代詞幾組在用法上容易混淆的不定代詞

1.some/any

some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中

Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.

any（一些,任何）多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句

Doyouhaveanypicture-books?

注意：some有時(shí)也可用于表示請(qǐng)求、征求意見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)句中

Wouldyoulikesomemeat?

你想要些肉嗎？

MayIasksomequestions?

我可以問(wèn)問(wèn)題嗎？

CouldIhavesomeapples?

我可以吃蘋(píng)果嗎？

Willyougivemesomewater?

你能給我些水嗎？2.many/much

many

修飾或指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞

Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.

much修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞

Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.

3.another/other

another泛指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的另一個(gè)

Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.

other后面接名詞，泛指別的、其他的

Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theotherstheother

1.特指兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)

Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.

2.修飾名詞，特指另一個(gè)、另一些

Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.

others泛指其他的人或物

Heoftenhelpsothers.Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.theothers特指確定范圍內(nèi)剩下的全部人或物

Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew

修飾可數(shù)名詞

little/alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞

few,little

表示否定意義,譯為“沒(méi)有幾個(gè)”，“沒(méi)有多少”

afew,alittle表示肯定意義,譯為“有幾個(gè)”，“有一點(diǎn)”

Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few

6.every/each

every＋單數(shù)名詞,表示“每一個(gè)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)共性、整體,只作定語(yǔ),形式上為單數(shù).不與of連用

Everychildlikesplayinggames.

each表示“每一個(gè)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性,作定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ),常與of連用

Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.

Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.eacheveryeach(常與of連用)every兩者或以上的每一個(gè)人或物三者或以上每一個(gè)人或物

everyother…每隔…Eg:everyotherday每隔一天=everytwodays①

Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②

Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.

A．every B．each C．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.

A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天來(lái)這里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother

7.all/none

all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位語(yǔ)時(shí),一般放在連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前

WeareallfromCanada.

TheyalllikeEnglish.

none“沒(méi)有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介詞of（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)均可）

Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.nonenoonenonenoone沒(méi)有什么人/物“沒(méi)有人”只能指人回答howmany

問(wèn)句回答who問(wèn)句noneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/them謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)①

Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②

Whoisintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.

A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom

8.both/either/neither

both“（兩者）都”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)；作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)

Myparentsarebothteachers.

=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.

neither“(兩者)都不”,含有否定意義，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后跟名詞單數(shù)

Neitheranswerisright.

either“兩者中任何一個(gè)”,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用第三人稱單數(shù);作定語(yǔ)時(shí)后跟名詞單數(shù)

Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.

有關(guān)詞組及應(yīng)用

bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.

他們倆都游得很好。

EitherofyougoestoBeijing.

你們倆隨便誰(shuí)去北京都可以。

Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.

他們倆誰(shuí)都不停下來(lái)休息。eitherof兩者之一+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/them/us謂單neitherof兩者都不謂單bothof兩者都謂復(fù)①

___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②

Bothofhisparents___teachers.

A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.

A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherboth

both…and（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）

either…or/neither…nor(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近原則)

BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.

Tom和Lucy都在二年級(jí)。

Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.

或者我爸爸或者我媽媽在家燒飯。

NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.

我和他今天都沒(méi)空。eitherneitherboth①

EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②

NeitheryounorI___ascientist.

A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.

A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原則neither…nor…兩者都不both…and…兩者都復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)

ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either

LucyandLily___agreewithus.

A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.

A.bothB.allC.no

9.Something/anything/nothing

Somebody/anybody/nobody當(dāng)形容詞修飾這些不定代詞時(shí)，常后置

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?

Nobodycananswerthequestion.1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelseoneit①

Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.

A.itB.oneC./②

Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.

A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.

A.itB.oneC./one

同類不同件．it同類同件．指示代詞

表示空間和時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)近關(guān)系的代詞包括:this/that(單數(shù))these/those(復(fù)數(shù))

1.this,these指在方位上較近的人或物

that,those指在方位上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物

Thisismyshirt,that’syours.

TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.

2.that,those常指前面提過(guò)的東西,以免重復(fù)*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.剛才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.四.指示代詞①

ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.

A.thatB.thisC.it②

TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.

A.thatB.theseC.those③WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.

A.itB.thisC.that疑問(wèn)代詞

用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞常見(jiàn)有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich

通常做主語(yǔ)\賓語(yǔ)\定語(yǔ)\表語(yǔ)

Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主語(yǔ)\

Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做賓語(yǔ)\

WhichbusdoIneed?\做定語(yǔ)\

What’syourfather?\做表語(yǔ)\注意：在口語(yǔ)中，Who和Whom通用，但在介詞后只能用Whom

Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(錯(cuò))(2008年廣東省汕頭市)一Isthat_____dog?—No.________iswhite．A．his；HisB．her；ItisC．he；HisD．her；Her中考考什么?D(重慶市2008年)

WelikeMr.Greenbecauseheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.we B.us C.our D.oursB(重慶市2008年)

—Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?—______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.A.Both

B.All

C.Either

D.NeitherC(2008年天津市)—Is_____here? —No,JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave.A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybodyDTryitout()1Isthisyourfootball,boys?No,itisnot____A.yoursB.ourC.mineD.ours()2Thebirdbuilds____nestinthetree.A.herB.itsC.it’sD.hers()3Themathsproblem____iswrong.A.himselfB.heC.itselfD.herselfDBC()4____wanttoseethefilm.AEverystudentBEachstudentCAllofstudentsDAllthestudents()5Alotofpeoplehavetried,but____havesucceeded.A.thefewB.afewC.fewD.little()6____ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.BothB.NeitherC.AnyD.EitherDCC()7Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,____isblueand___aregreen.A.another,theotherB.theother,othersC.others,theothersD.another,theothers()8Ihavefound____ontheInternet.A.afewinformationsB.alittleinformationsC.afewinformationD.alittleinformationDD()9IhaveChemistryclasses____day,Monday,WednesdayandFriday.A.eachotherB.everyotherC.thisandotherD.allother()10--____isthemanunderthetree?--Jim’sfather.A.WhenB.WhatC.WhereD.WhoBD課堂達(dá)標(biāo)1