大學(xué)英語精讀-第四冊(cè)-Unit-10-The-Telephone

Unit10.TheTelephoneI.Warming-upexercisesII.BackgroundinformationIII.TextThemeIV.TextAnalysisV.Words&Phrases&SentencesI.Warming-upexercises:Whendidthetelephonecometoyourlife?Couldyouimaginealifewithoutthetelephone?Howdoyouthinkthetelephonerelatestoyouandyourliferespectively?II.Backgroundinformation:AuthorMagdaluna.Lebanon(para.1)IntermarriageinArabcountries(para.1)Communion.圖(para.14)Arabwomenweargarmentsthatcovertheirfacesorheads.Author—AnwarF.Accawi---WhenthecivilwarbrokeoutinLebanon,AnwarF.AccawiandhiswifewereforcedtoleavethecountryandeventuallymovedtoTennessee,andlatersettleddownintheStates.---Hecurrentlyteachesasafull-timeinstructorattheEnglishLanguageInstituteoftheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville.HehaslivedandtaughtintheU.S.since1965.---BorninLebanoninafamilywhoseancestorsarebelievedtohavegonetoJerusalemintheCrusades.---WhilehewaslivinginLebanonteachingEnglishasasecondlanguageattheAmericanUniversityinBeruit,hemarriedanAmericanwomanfromTennessee.

Lebanon黎巴嫩TheRepublicofLebanonorLebanonissmall,largelymountainouscountrysituatedattheeasternedgeoftheMediterraneanSea.ThenameLebanonderivesfromtheSemiticlanguageswordLaban,meaningthe“white”peaksoftheLebanonMountains.黎巴嫩共和國，位于亞洲西南部地中海東岸，東,北部鄰敘利亞，南界巴勒斯坦、以色列，西瀕地中海。習(xí)慣上稱為中東國家。Lebanon黎巴嫩Magdaluna馬格達(dá)路娜(para.1)avillagethatliesintheLebanonMountainsrunningparalleltotheMediterraneancoastline.IntermarriageamongcousinsinArabcountries近親結(jié)婚(para.1)Thepracticehascomedownfromancienttimes,whentheArabsweremostlynomadichersmen.Today,thisintermarriageisstillverycommonbecauseofeconomicsonsiderations.在阿拉伯國家堂兄妹或表兄妹之間的聯(lián)姻仍很普遍。古代，大多數(shù)阿拉伯人是游牧名族，居無定所，這樣年輕人的配偶選擇范圍就很小。現(xiàn)代，出于經(jīng)濟(jì)上考慮，聯(lián)姻依然普遍。對(duì)窮人來說減少了交換嫁妝的麻煩；對(duì)富人來說，近親聯(lián)姻讓他們不用擔(dān)心財(cái)產(chǎn)羅若旁人手中。Communion(para.14)ItreferstothecerebrationoftheLord’ssupperintheChristianChurch.InthisreligiousceremonybelieverseatbreadanddrinkwineassignsofChrist’sbodyandblood.指領(lǐng)圣餐：耶穌被出賣的那一夜，拿起無酵餅來擘開，象征耶穌的身體為我們?cè)谑旨苌仙嵘怼ｏ埡?，耶穌也照樣拿起鮮紅的葡萄酒杯，象征著主的血為我們罪人而流。從此，歷世歷代的教會(huì)都遵照主的教導(dǎo)，在地上實(shí)行圣餐禮。Communion領(lǐng)圣餐:Arabwomenweargarmentsthatcovertheirfacesorheads.Everythingshouldbecoveredexcepthands,faceandfeet.Beneatharobe,awomanmaybewearingatraditionaldress,casualclothesorbusinesssuit.

這是一種宗教習(xí)俗而不是文化習(xí)俗。除了頭、臉和腳以外其他部分都要遮蓋。這種包頭的圍巾叫做“伊斯蘭頭巾”或者“黑色斗篷”，這種長(zhǎng)袍式的衣服叫做黑袍。在長(zhǎng)袍下面，婦女也可以穿傳統(tǒng)禮服、便裝或正裝。III.TextTheme:Thetextdescribes,fromaboy’sperspective,howtelephoneaffectedpeople’swayoflifeinaLebanesemountainvillage.Itbroketheseclusionofthevillage.Thetextraisedusaquestion:Whatattitudeweshouldadopttowardnewthings,whetherweshouldwelcomethemorboycottthem.IV.TextAnalysis:Plot:Thecomingoftelephonebroughtsomechangestothesmallvillage,bothpersonallyandsocially.Setting:1)socialsetting:intheearly20thcenturybeforetheprocessofmodernization2)storysetting:inavillageinLebanonProtagonist:“I”whentheauthorwasyoungWordBuilding

1.Prefix+Root2.Compoundobjectject:topush;todrivedeject使沮喪eject噴射；逐出inject注射，注入，插入object反對(duì)，抗議project設(shè)計(jì)；投射，放映reject拋棄；拒收；否認(rèn)subject使遭受；服從；提供prefixrootresistassist幫助consist組成exist存在insist堅(jiān)持，極力要求persist堅(jiān)持不懈,持續(xù)resist抵制，抗議rootprefixattainattain獲得，得到contain含有，容納detain阻止；拘留；延遲entertain娛樂；招待maintain維持；繼續(xù)，保持obtain獲得；達(dá)到pertain附屬；適合retain保留，維持prefixrootdeportport:anyplacethatformsaharbordeport逐出境export向（外國）輸出，出口import引進(jìn)，輸入，進(jìn)口port港口，碼頭portable便于攜帶的；可轉(zhuǎn)移的transport運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送，搬運(yùn)prefixrootWordBuilding--Compoundn.+n.butcher-shopchicken-poxfinger-nailhail-stormpocket-knivestrouble-shootern.+n.(ed)marble-sizedn.+v.(ed/ing)hand-rolledfish-bearingn.+adj.jet-blackadj.+v.(ed)middle-agedfull-blown“Irememberanotherincident,”someonechimedin.

Herexpectationchimesinwiththebeliefofmanyothers.

Theartist’sillustrationchimesinperfectlywiththetext.

chimeina.插話b.協(xié)調(diào)，一致，融合tobreakinto/enter(aconversation);tointerrupttobecompatible;toagreewithPara16twist…together把…擰在一起Para17wriggletotwistfromsidetosidewithsmallquickmovements扭動(dòng)、蠕動(dòng)Thedetectivewriggledhimselfthroughthehole.偵探扭動(dòng)身子從洞口鉆了進(jìn)去。Thechildtriedtowriggleoutofhismother’sarms.孩子一扭一扭地想從母親懷里掙脫出來。raspV.1.torubwithsth.rough擦、刮2.(ofsound)tohavearough,annoyingeffect(聲音）發(fā)出刺耳聲n.擦刮聲、刺耳聲r(shí)aspy:Raspywords刺耳的話語Araspytemper火爆性子Beraspyfromlackofsleep因缺少睡眠而心情煩躁P(guān)ara19adevoutadmirerdevoutthanks

devout(由devote衍生而來)

adj.

devotedtodivineworshiporserviceSynonymspiousferventearnest

jet-blackhair漆黑的頭發(fā)whore/prostitute妓女，娼妓entertain款待troubleshooter故障檢修員；排解糾紛者絞出，擰出強(qiáng)行索取使痛苦Theworkerwringsthewaterfromthetowel.Therobberintendstowringmoneyoutof/fromtheoldman.Thesightoftheorphanchildwrings

ourhearts.wring(wrungwrung)

v.

to

claspandtwistorsqueezeasindistress使某人不被煩擾keepsb.outofone’shairThewifeissokindastoalwayskeepherhusbandoutofherhair.(inform.)(collo.)tohavesb.awayfromthetrouble;toirritatesb.attendtoHeshouldattendbettertohisstudies.他應(yīng)該更加專心于他的學(xué)習(xí)。bustle:tobebusilyactive,oftenwithmuchnoisev.鬧哄哄地忙亂、奔忙；n.熱鬧的活動(dòng)Shebustledthechildrenofftoschool.她匆匆忙忙地打發(fā)孩子們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)。hustleandbustle忙碌，奔忙，繁忙Therewasagreatdealofhustleandbustleinthecity.城市里人群熙來攘往。辨析：bustle,hustlebustle,hustle都指“匆忙”,bustle側(cè)重“忙亂”,hustle側(cè)重“急忙”助記：busy---bustle“忙”亂

hurry—hustle“急”忙Para20辨析：assureensureinsurereassure

assure:①使…確信②向…保證指以十分肯定的語氣向別人擔(dān)保某事一定發(fā)生assuresb.of/that…n.assurance①保證，表示保證（或鼓勵(lì)，安慰）的話②把握，信心③（人壽）保險(xiǎn)givesb.anassurancethat…=assuresb.that…withassurance=withconfidenceensure:保證，擔(dān)保確保某種行動(dòng)或動(dòng)因的結(jié)果一定會(huì)發(fā)生①ensurethat…②ensuresb.sth.

insure：①保證，確保（正式用ensure）②給…保險(xiǎn)insure…against(防備…)的保險(xiǎn)n.insurance保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)reassure:re-(=again)+assuremakesb.sureagain使放心reassuring:makingyoufeellessworriedorfrightened安慰的、使人放心的Itisreassuringtoknowthatthereisalwayssomeonearoundtohelp.Para21toss:tothrowsth.esp.sth.light,withaquickmovementofyourhands扔、拋、擲tosstheballtoeachotherHetossedatthemahard-linespeech.他朝他們發(fā)表了一番強(qiáng)硬的講話。backandforth:來回地、反復(fù)地Pacebackandforthintheroomdeliversb.fromsb./sth.tohelpsb.escapefromsth.badorevil釋放、解救、解脫Theydeliveredthehostagesfromtheterrorists.lukewarm:(offood,liquid,etc.)slightlywarmandnotashotorcoldasitshouldbe不冷不熱的、溫的lukewarmwaterBuyershaveadoptedalukewarmattitude.買主的態(tài)度不甚熱情。Runanerrandforme,willyou?GofindRogerforme.Hewastiredofrunningerrandsforhissister.4.errand

n.shortjourneytotakeamessage,getordelivergoods,etc.（短程的）差事、任務(wù)Hedidthreeerrandsinonetrip. Ifyourunerrandforsb.,youdoorgetsth.forthem,usuallybemakingashorttripsomewhere.Para22

trailoff

(ofone’svoice,speech,etc.tochangegraduallysoastobecomeweak,ineffectual,etc.andthenstop

Hisinterestintheworktrailedoff.Hervoicetrailedoffintoawhisper.

逐漸減弱，縮小

lurev.toattract,draworrecall吸引、引誘n.anythingthatattracts;powerofattracting誘惑物、吸引力Thehunterluredthefoxintoatrap.Largefirmslurecustomersawaywithslick（圓滑的、華而不實(shí)的）advertisement.Thebeacheshavebecomealureforwalking,especiallyintheearlyevening.Para24辨析：maimcrippleinvalidmutilate

main:指人體因受損傷而失去正常功能

cripple:指四肢，尤指下肢致殘而行動(dòng)困難。比喻義：能力喪失或削弱

invalid:因疾病或受傷致殘不能再履行職責(zé)，多用于不對(duì)服役

mutilate:因失去手足或身體重要部位而行動(dòng)困難desolate

adj./v.deserted;madeunfitforhabitation

荒蕪的、孤獨(dú)凄涼的、可憐的、沉悶的

使荒蕪、使凄涼、使悲慘、使痛苦、拋棄

Shewasdesolateafterherparentsdied.Thelandwasdesolatedbyfloods.Weweredesolatedtohearthenewsofherdeath.desolatelandadesolateoldhousethedesolatepoorlifedesolatememories不毛之地廢舊的房屋悲慘的窮人沉悶的生活令人沮喪的回憶forsake

v.

a.toquitorleaveentirely

b.togiveuporrenounce放棄(ahabit,wayoflife,etc.)forsakethetheaterforsakeabadhabitanoldforsakenhouseHewasforsakenbyhisfriends.辨析：discarddesertabandonforsakediscard:拋棄具體的東西，如廢紙物扔掉desert:通過離開的方式而拋棄人走掉

abandon:因外界壓力，影響，環(huán)境等因素而放棄自己的職業(yè)、計(jì)劃、興趣或理想等

forsake:主要指斷絕情感上的依戀，自愿放棄信仰或改掉惡習(xí)keeptrackof:tokeeponeselfinformedaboutaperson,situation,etc.cf.losetrackof:tofailtoremaininformed

Inthosedays,therewasnorealneedforacalendarorawatchtokeeptrackofthehours,days,months,andyears.Theytryhardtokeeptrackoftheirfavoritestars.HelosestrackoftimewheneverhesurfstheNet.

I’vebeentoldthattetawasbornshortlyafterthebigsnowthatcausedtheroofonthemayor’shousetocavein.

(ofrooforwall)tofalldownorinward;tocollapse塌落，倒塌，（墻等）內(nèi)陷BecausemenwhowouldnotlieeventosavetheirownsoulstoldandretoldthatstoryuntilitwasincorporatedintoMagdaluna’scalendar.Incorporate:(into)toincludesth.aspartofagroup,system,plan,etc.包含、加上、吸收Incorporatesthinto/toHisproposalwasincorporatedintotheplan包含，并入Sticky:

1.黏性的Theroadwasstickyaftertherain.Stickysweets2.(處境、問題)棘手的Astickyproblem/issue難題Heputhimintoaratherstickyposition.Thingsweregettingtoostickyforhim.

Andsometimestheargumentsescalatedintofull-blown,knockdown-dragoutfights.Andsometimestheargumentsbecamesofiercethatthewomenbegantofightviolently.

(AmE.)veryviolentoruncontrolled激烈的、inthemostcompleteanddevelopedform（花）盛開的；充分發(fā)展的

Ifwesurrenderonthissmallissue,theyundoubtedlywillescalatetheirdemands.如果我們?cè)谶@個(gè)小問題上讓步，他們會(huì)得寸進(jìn)尺，提出更多要求。escalatingprice/pressureescalator自動(dòng)扶梯v.

toincreaseinintensityorextentescalateTranslation逐漸增強(qiáng)逐漸上升擴(kuò)大

…calleachothernamesthatmademyearstingle…

s

互相辱罵toabusethembyinsultingwords

…thewordstheyusedwhentheywerequarrelingweresooffensivethatwelittleboysfeltuncomfortable…

s

calleachothernamescallsb.bynameinnameinone’sownnameinthenameof…

makeone’snametoone’snameunderthenameof…usesb.’sname謾罵某人名叫，直呼其名在名義上用自己的名義，擅自在······名下，代表······；為了······；依憑······

使某人成名、出名在自己名下，屬自己所有用·····的名字，以·····的名義援引某人的話reveal

v.

a.tomakeknown;todisclose

b.tolayopentoview;toexpose/show/display/exhibitExamples:Investigationhasrevealedhimtobeacriminal.Shedrewthecurtainsasidetorevealabeautifulgarden.Theirfacesrevealedangerandalarm.Translation揭露揭示展示顯示cf.revealing例：Shetriedtotalkhimoutofhisplan.Hetalkedmeintocominghere.talksb.outofsth.

=persuadesbfromdoing

odoingsth.

=persuadesbintodoing

DidalltheycouldtotalkAbuRajaoutofhavingatelephonebroughttothevillage

Buttheywereoutshoutedandignoredandfinallyshunnedbytheothervillage……

v.tokeepawayfrom;totakepainstoavoid避開、回避Hewasshunnedbyhisformerfriends.cf.shunt轉(zhuǎn)移；擺脫atone’selbow:withineasyreach,nearandreadyforuse在近邊，在手邊Themanisveryinterestedincookingandalwayshasalotofcookerybooksathiselbow.Avirtueofavillaisthattheoceanandthehillisatyourelbow.…好處之一就是依山傍海。SentenceanalysisSentence(para.7)Youcouldn’tbemoreaccuratethanthat,now,couldyou?用法：(spoken)usedforgivingemphasistoarequest,order,orcomment例句：1.Becareful,now.(order)2.Now,what’sgoingonhere?(request)3.It’smarvelous,nowisn’tit?(comment)Sentence(para.8)Incredibleasitmaysound,thestoryofthefishandorangeswastrue…用法：incredibleasitmaysound是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，通過倒裝和省略強(qiáng)調(diào)了incredible例子：unexpectedasitis意思是itisabsolutelyunexpected/handsomeasheis意思是howhandsomeheisSentence(para.9)Theyearofdrought,whentheheavenswereshutformonthsandthespringfromwhichtheentirevillagegotitsdrinkingwaterslowedto