連詞與狀語(yǔ)從句

連詞與狀語(yǔ)從句句子句子的分類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單句并列句（并列連詞）復(fù)合句（從屬連詞）連詞(Conjunction)連詞(Conjunction)一、連詞定義:

用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或句子的詞。

e.g.

IstudyEnglishand

Chinese.Doesheworkatschoolor

inthehospital?

Igetupearly,but

mybrothergetsuplate.二、連詞分類(lèi)：并列連詞從屬連詞——引導(dǎo)從句連詞：and,but,or,so,(for)連詞詞組:either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,both…and,(aswellas)that，whether,if,unless,while/when,until,because,sothat,so…that,though/although,evenif,as…as等三、用法(五三---P133）（一）.并列連詞---連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語(yǔ)或句子。常見(jiàn)的有：(1)表并列關(guān)系的and,both…and…,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas(和,也,除…外,而且),aswell(也，和，用于句末）等。(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or(else),otherwise,either…or等。(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,yet,however,while,whereas等。(4)表因果關(guān)系的for,so,therefore，thus等。注意：(P133)When(這時(shí)，那時(shí)）While(然而，卻）

表前后兩者的對(duì)比

（P131---高考題）

（二）.從屬連詞---

是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)連接主句和從句的連詞。分為引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞和引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。1.引導(dǎo)名詞性的從句(1).that,whether,if不充當(dāng)成分.(2).連接代詞who,whom,which,what

充當(dāng)主,賓,定,表語(yǔ)等.(3).連接副詞when,where,how,why狀語(yǔ).2.引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語(yǔ)稱(chēng)作狀語(yǔ)從句，它可以用來(lái)修飾謂語(yǔ)（包括非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，或是整個(gè)句子狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句比較狀語(yǔ)從句方式狀語(yǔ)從句（五三---P133）（一）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞whenwheneveraswhilebeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonas

each/everytimenexttimethefirst/…timethemomenttheminuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly

(一…就…)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when1）when,while,as的區(qū)別（互換的情況）2)when的用法：wasdoing…when,beabouttodo…when“正在做某事/正要做….突然發(fā)生另一件事”。3.)幾種特殊句型與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：

Itis+時(shí)刻+when…（Itis+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)+that+句子其他部分）Itis/hasbeen+段時(shí)+since…Itwillbe/was+段時(shí)+before(現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過(guò)去時(shí)).“過(guò)一段時(shí)間后才”

Itwillnotbe/wasnot+段時(shí)+before(現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過(guò)去時(shí)).“沒(méi)多久就”4).before的用法：

A：表“還未來(lái)得及…就…”B：表“過(guò)一段時(shí)間才…”，5).until的用法：在not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)用短暫性動(dòng)詞，“直到…才”;謂語(yǔ)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，用until表“一直持續(xù)到…”。6)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when剛……就A.時(shí)態(tài)：主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)（had+pp）從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)B.倒裝：nosooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要倒裝Shehad

nosooner

arrivedatthestationthanthetrainstartedtomove.Nosoonerhadshearrivedatthestationthan….Hehad

hardly

enteredthehotelwhenitbegantosnow.Hardlyhadheenteredthehotel

whenitbegantosnow7）themoment/minute/second/instant,directly,immediately,instantly

一…就…8)Eachtime/everytime,anytime前面不用冠詞(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime前面的冠詞the可省

1.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad____wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.(2004遼寧)A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever2.Itisalmostfiveyears____wesaweachotherlasttime.(2005北京)A.before

B.sinceC.after

D.when3.Simonthoughthiscomputerwasbroken_____hislittlebrotherpointedoutthathehadforgottentoturniton.(2005北京春)A.untilB.unlessC.after

D.becauseBBA4.TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryears____theNorthwonintheend.(2005廣東30)A.afterB.before

C.whenD.then5.--DidJackcomebackearlylastnight？--Yes.Itwasnotyeteighto'clock_____hearrivedhome.(2005福建)A.before

B.whenC.that

D.until6.Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstartedA.when

B.whileC.until

D.before(2004北京春)BBA地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere引導(dǎo)（二）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句

1.抽象地點(diǎn)，放主句前2.注意狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。3.注意在狀語(yǔ)從句中不可使用介詞+which引導(dǎo)。Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome.Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes.1.Ifyouaretraveling____thecustomsarereallyforeigntoyourown，pleasedoastheRomansdo.(2006天津)A.inwhich

B.whatC.whenD.where2.Inpeace，too，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp___thereishumansuffering.(06江西)A.whoever

B.however

C.whatever

D.wherever3.--Mom，whatdidyourdoctorsay？--Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.(2006四川)A.inwhere

B.inwhich

C.theplacewhere

D.whereDDD（三）條件狀語(yǔ)從句ifas/solongas只要unlessincase（如果，萬(wàn)一）suppose/supposing(that)假設(shè)Providing/provided(that)如果onconditionthat條件是given(that)

考慮到，假定分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句（用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中）。1)在真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)（主將從現(xiàn)）

2)if，unless，incase是考查重點(diǎn)。unless=if…notYouwillfailunlessyoustudyhard.

除非你努力，否則你就要失敗1._____youcallmetosayyou'renotcoming，I'llseeyouatthetheatre.(2004吉林)A.Though

B.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless2.---Whatwouldyoudoifit___tomorrow？

---Wehavetocarryiton，sincewe'vegoteverythingready.A.rain

B.rainsC.willrainD.israining(05全國(guó))DB

3.Youmustkeeponworkingintheevening____youaresureyoucanfinishthetaskintime.(2005安徽)A.asB.ifC.whenD.unless4._______you‘vetriedit，youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.(06北京)A.UnlessB.BecauseC.Although

D.When5.Intimeofseriousaccidents，____weknowsomebasicthingsaboutfirstaid，wecansavelives.(2006重慶)A.whether

B.untilC.ifD.unlessDAC（四）原因狀語(yǔ)從句一、常用的4個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞的語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)至弱依次為：

because→since→as→for;

1.because

語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),指的原因通常是聽(tīng)話(huà)人所不知道的，可用于回答why提出的問(wèn)題例：

—Whyissheabsent?她為什么缺席？

—Becausesheissick.因?yàn)樗×?。在?qiáng)調(diào)句型中，強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用because，其他三者不可以。例如：

ItwasbecauseImissedtheearlybusthatIwaslateforschool.我上學(xué)遲到是因?yàn)槲覜](méi)有趕上早班汽車(chē)。

2.Since從句表示顯然的或已為人知的理由“既然”語(yǔ)氣較because弱，通常句首，有時(shí)可表示含有勉強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的原因。例：Sinceeveryoneishere,let‘sstart.

既然大家都到齊了，我們就出發(fā)吧！SinceIunderstoodverylittleJapanese,Icouldn'tfollowtheconversation.我日語(yǔ)懂得不多，因而聽(tīng)不懂對(duì)話(huà)。Sinceyoucan‘tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不出這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我就問(wèn)別人了。

since可用于省略句Sinceso,Ihavenothingtosay.nowthat（既然…）,

類(lèi)似于since.突出事件性，表突發(fā)情況，that可省略.Nowthatyoudon’tfeelwell,havearestforawhile.既然你不舒服，那就休息一會(huì)兒吧。

3.nowthat4.As表示的“原因”是雙方已知的事實(shí)或顯而易見(jiàn)的原因，或者理由不是很重要，含義與since相同，但語(yǔ)氣更弱，不如since正式?！坝捎?，鑒于”如：As

it

was

late

，

we

came

back

soon.（由于時(shí)間很晚了，我們很快就回來(lái)。）

5.for

for不表示直接原因，表明附加或推斷的理由，所引導(dǎo)的分句只能放在主句，用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)（

for不可置于句首)。它有時(shí)可表示因果關(guān)系(通常要放在主句之后，且可與because換用)；Icouldnotgo,for/becauseIwasill.我沒(méi)能去，是因?yàn)槲也×恕Ｓ袝r(shí)不表示因果關(guān)系，而是對(duì)前面分句內(nèi)容的解釋或推斷(也要放在主句之后，但不能與because換用)。Itmusthaverainedlastnight，forthegroundiswetthismorning.昨晚一定下過(guò)雨，你看今天早上地面是濕的。(此句不能用because代for)二、特殊的引導(dǎo)詞When（含有輕微的責(zé)怪語(yǔ)氣）seeingthatconsideringthat（五三P136左上角）1.Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren'srequestsforsunglasses____eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.(2004上海)A.because

B.thoughC.unlessD.if2.JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,____thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.(2006廣東)A.as

B.ifC.whenD.whereAA（五）結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句翻譯句子Thehouseisso_expensive_thatIcan‘taffordit.

(2)Thisisso_interesting_a_bookthatweallwanttoreadit.(3)Thereareso_many_new_wordsinthepassagethatIcan'tunderstandit.(4)Heissuch_a_clever_boy

thatwealllikehim.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)引導(dǎo)詞：so…that…/such…that…主要有下面的幾個(gè)句型：①…so＋adj./adv.＋that…②so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that③somany/few/much/little(少）＋n(可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)＋that④such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that…⑤such＋adj.＋n.(不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))＋that…特殊引導(dǎo)詞sothatSoastoSuchasto(P136例句）Too…to…enoughtodo…(足夠…可以…)(1)Wegotupearlyin_order_that/sothatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.(2)Wegotupearlyfor_fear_that/lest/in_case_that(以免)weshouldmissthefirstbus.（六）目的狀語(yǔ)從句翻譯句子

常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)詞：inorderthat/sothat…“為了……”特殊引導(dǎo)詞：incasethat/forfearthat/lest“以免；以防”sothat/inorderthat＋從句(從句用can/could/may/might＋動(dòng)詞原形)（sothat從句不能放句首，還可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）2.forfearthat/incase（that）＋從句，意為“害怕、擔(dān)心某事發(fā)生”，“以防…”.（七）讓步狀語(yǔ)從句翻譯句子(1)Althoughheisrich,heneverwastesacoin.(2)Richmanasheis,heworkshard.(3)Hardasheworked,hefailed.(4)Tryashemight,Tomcouldnotgetoutofthedifficulty.(5)Even_if

itsnowstomorrow,weshallstillgoonbusiness.(6)No_matter_who

(＝Whoever)breakstherule,hewillbepunished.(7)Whetheryougoornottomorrow,wewillgoouting.1.although,though2.evenif,eventhough

(evenif側(cè)重于假設(shè)；eventhough側(cè)重于事實(shí))3.whether…or…4.while(句首），when(句中）(=although)

5.

“no

matter+疑問(wèn)詞”或“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”

(同)：它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以互換。

No

matter

what

happened,

he

would

not

mind.

(=Whatever

happened,

he

would

not

mind.)

No

matter

who

you

are,

you

must

keep

the

law.(=Whoever

you

are,

you

must

keep

the

law.(異)：“no

matter+疑問(wèn)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而“疑問(wèn)詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句I’ll

eat

whatever

(≠no

matter

what)

you

give

me.

(whatever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)Whoever(≠no

matter

who)

comes

will

be

welcome.(Whoever

引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)

6.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，必須用前置結(jié)構(gòu)，通常是從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形放在句首，放在句首的名詞前的冠詞要去掉。

Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.=Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.（注意:在child前不要用冠詞）ThoughIlikeitverymuch,Iwon’tbuyit.=Muchas/thoughIlikeit,Iwon’tbuyit.Thoughhemaytry,hewon’tfinishitontime.=Tryas/thoughhemay,hewon’tfinishitontime.

7.However

(=No

matter

how)+adj/adv

+

陳述語(yǔ)序

However

(=No

matter

how)

expensive

it

may

be,

I’ll

take

it.無(wú)論它有多貴，我也要買(mǎi)下它。（八）方式狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞或短語(yǔ)：as,asif,asthough等。注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“按照”,“如同”

Ididitjustasyoutoldme.（按照）

我是按照你的吩咐做的。

Hedidn’twinthematchasexpected.(如同）

他沒(méi)有像預(yù)料的那樣贏得比賽。(2)asif和asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中，謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣。

Itseemsasifitweregoingtorain.（陽(yáng)光明媚）Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.。(烏云密閉）

天似乎要下雨了（九）比較狀語(yǔ)從句1.

as…as…

“和…一樣”

Jack

is

as

tall

as

Bob.

not

so/as…as

…

“和…不一樣”She

is

not

so/asoutgoing

as

her

sister.

2.比較級(jí)than

“比…更…”

This

book

is

more

instructive

than

that

one.

3.

the

+

比較級(jí)+

陳述句,

the

+

比較級(jí)+

陳述句

“

越---越---”

The

more

you

study,

the

more

knowledge

you

can

get

。4.

特殊句型

A

is

to

B

what

C

is

to

D

Food

is

to

men

what

oil