定語從句講解PPT圖表

TheAttributiveClauseRevision(復習名詞性從句):

Fillintheblankswithproperwords:1._______mattersinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.2.

Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome______Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformy

mother’sbirthday.

Whatthat

3.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s

_________thebestjobsare.

4.

_________

wewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5.

__________hashelped

tosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.wherewhetherwhoever6._______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.7.Hedidn’tmake_____clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.whatitComplexsentence復合句：由連詞連接兩個或多個主謂結構的句子，其中一個主謂結構是句子的主要部分（主句），另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作某個成分（如主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、同位語）。復合句=主句+定語從句一個主謂結構是句子的主要部分（主句）另一個或一個以上的主謂結構只在句子中作某個成分（定語）Thestudents

(who

donotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句主語從句主語從句謂語結構主句謂語結構在句子中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，并作句子成分。定語從句還叫做嵌入句，因形容詞定語，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句。Attributiveclause:定語從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語從句的引導詞關系代詞關系副詞指人指物who(主語、賓語)，whom(賓語)，that(主語、賓語),whose=ofwhom(定語)that(主語、賓語),which(主語、賓語)Whose=ofwhich(定語)where(地點狀語)when(時間狀語)why(原因狀語)例如：1）Shelivesinthehousewhosewindowisbroken.=Shelivesinthehouseofwhichthewindowisbroken.2）IknewLiMing,whoseuncleisateacher.

=IknewLiMing,theuncleofwhomisateacher.Who和that作關系代詞時，不能緊跟在介詞后，但whom和which可以。SheisthegirlforwhoIamlooking.(?)SheisthegirlforthatIamlooking.(?)Sheisthegirlwho/thatIamlookingfor.(v)SheisthegirlforwhomIamlooking.(v)ThegirlwithwhomItraveledcouldspeakEnglish.(v)Attributiveclause:限制性定語從句

restrictive非限制性定語從句non-restrictive是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。和主句關系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，寫時往往逗號分開。Iwastheonlyperson

whowasinvitedinmyofficeJenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.Theman

whocamehereyesterday

hascomeagain.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注意：引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞不可用that，指人時用who(主語),whom(賓語)，指物時須用which.Aforeigner,who

isathisfirsttimetoChina,wantedtobuyapen.Sheintroducedmetoherhusband,whomIhadn’tmetbefore.Thecomputer,whichhasmanyadvantages,cannotreplaceman.考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞1、找出定語從句中是否主語和賓語都齊全。如齊全用關系副詞。用什么關系副詞看先行詞。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where2、如定語從句中缺賓語，確定定語從句的謂語動詞是不是及物動詞，如是，用關系代詞，如不是，用關系副詞或者介詞+which?？键c一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen3、如定語從句中謂語結構是被動結構，有主語，則用關系副詞。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChina

wasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考點一:如何判定用關系代詞還是用關系副詞ThisisBJ______isbeautiful.ThisisBJ______Ivisited.ThisisBJ______Ilived.Thereisahouse______roofisbroken.使用關系副詞時應注意：1）time作先行詞，如果前面有序數詞或last修飾，不能用when,用that或省略。如前面沒有序數詞或last,都可:ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.Thefirsttime(that)Ienteredtheuniversitywasin2000.當先行詞為theway時，關系從句不用how引導，應用that,inwhich或省略。Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)heeyedme.Whatsurprisedusmostwasnotwhathesaidbuttheway________hesaidit.

考點二：that和which的選擇(1)that指物時一般可以與which互換，但在下列情況引導詞只用that，不用which。

①當先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時，如：

a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.

②

先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修飾時：

I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行詞是序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。

Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤

當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引導。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools

（that）hehadvisited.⑥先行詞是疑問詞who,which,時，定語從句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引導。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?⑦

當關系代詞在從句中作表語時：

Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.

（8）當定語從句為therebe句型時，關系代詞只能用that,但通常省略。Iknowthedifference(that)thereisbetweenyou.注意：but是具有否定意義的關系代詞，代替人或物，相當于“that/which/who……not”,用于no或其他表示否定意義的詞之后，構成雙重否定，在定于從句中一般只能作主語。ThereisnooneinourclassbutknowsProfessorWang.Thereareveryfewbutadmirehistalent.先行詞是those,he,she等代表人的詞時，一般用who，不用that.Thosewhowanttogotocinemamustmeetattheschoolgateby6:30p.m.than引導定于從句，代替帶有形容詞比較級修飾的名詞。在從句中，可作主語，賓語，表語。Youspentmoremoneythanwasintendedtobespent.Hespendsmoremoneythanheearns.Which可以引導非限定性定語從句，可用于介詞后，其先行詞可是一個詞,也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分。1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it考點二：that和which的選擇（2）只用which的情況

考點三：as與which引導的定語從句※對這兩個詞作如下歸納：1、如果定語放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.2、如果從句在主句前，這時要用as而不用which引導定語從句。如：

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,

theearthisround.3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooks

asyoutellme

areinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思時，有“正如…”之意，而which沒有此意思，從句中的動詞常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.考點三：as與which引導的定語從句Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.5.as在從句中作主語時，后面常接行為動詞的被動語態(tài)，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如從句中行為動詞是主動語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果從句的內容對主句內容起著消極作用，或者說導致的結果，則用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.考點三：as與which引導的定語從句考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞:1.根據從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關系，請體會：e.g.Isthatthenewspaper

forwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根據從句中動詞或形容詞的習慣搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根據先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣，請體會：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數詞/代詞+of+關系代詞”的結構，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose從句可轉換為“of+關系代詞”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.

Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定關系副詞when,where,why可以用適當的介詞+which來替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,

why=for+which

介詞的位置非常靈活，有時放在關系代詞之前，有時放在動詞之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.考點四：關系代詞前介詞的確定思考？是否所有的介詞+關系代詞都能用關系副詞代替?Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.結論：只有當介詞+關系代詞充當地點狀語、時間狀語或原因狀語時，才能用關系副詞代替。Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.it5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itisoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.1、All______isusefultousisgood.

A、which

B、what

C、that

D、whether

*2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.

A、where

B、that

C、which

D、theoneCD3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、when

B、whatC、which

D、why4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、that

B、whenC、which

D、whereCD5、Thisistheveryfactory_______wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theoneA6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_______learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB7、Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA9、Theman_______youaretalkingisinthenextroom.A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whomB10、Thisisthelastfactory___heusedtow