2022屆全國新高考英語備考復(fù)習(xí)科技創(chuàng)新

科技創(chuàng)新考前4天2022屆全國新高考英語備考復(fù)習(xí)Part1基礎(chǔ)練目錄01考綱解讀02自我檢測Part2針對練01命題回顧02答題要領(lǐng)03自我檢測“科技創(chuàng)新”是高中英語新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)話題之一。該話題涉及各領(lǐng)域最新科技知識、最新發(fā)明創(chuàng)造等方面?？萍家呀?jīng)影響、滲透到我們生活的方方面面。生活離不開科技,科技在為生活服務(wù)?！艾F(xiàn)代科技”話題是歷年高考英語的必考話題,主要題型為閱讀理解,體裁一般為說明文,分值所占比重也比較高。例如2019年全國Ⅱ卷閱讀理解D篇主題是美國一所中學(xué)與NASA合作的科研項(xiàng)目,旨在鼓勵(lì)考生開發(fā)創(chuàng)新思維,培養(yǎng)生活技能?？破疹愇恼伦⒅貙W(xué)科滲透,行文邏輯性強(qiáng),內(nèi)容抽象。這類文章貼近考生的學(xué)習(xí)、生活實(shí)際,有利于激發(fā)考生的思維,對選拔優(yōu)秀考生有一定的作用,能全面地考查考生的綜合閱讀能力和運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識去分析、解決實(shí)際問題的能力?？破疹愇恼峦哂锌鐚W(xué)科、行文邏輯性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn):要求考生能從文章的整體邏輯以及重要細(xì)節(jié)上全面把握。這類文章主要命題形式為細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題和主旨大意題等。Ⅰ.品詞識義1.accessibleadj.____________

2.automaticadj.____________

3.breakthroughn.____________

4.digitaladj.

____________

5.privilegen.____________

6.proceduren.

____________

易接近的;可得到的自動(dòng)的重大進(jìn)展;突破數(shù)字的;數(shù)碼的特權(quán);特殊待遇程序;手續(xù)7.revolutionn._____________

8.drawbackn._____________

9.cyberspacen._____________

10.transformv._____________

11.laptopn._____________

12.systemn._____________

革命缺點(diǎn);不利條件網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間改造;改革;變換;改變筆記本電腦系統(tǒng);體系Ⅱ.單句填空1.(2020·全國Ⅱ)Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(認(rèn)知)after

(control)fordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.2.(2020·全國Ⅲ)Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthat

(occur)billionsofyearsago.3.(2020·全國Ⅲ)OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindof

(adapt)—nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.controllingoccurredadaptation4.(2020·浙江)

(challenge)workthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.5.(2020·天津)Directedsoundisanewtechnologythat________(allow)companiestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光燈)areusedinthetheater.6.(2019·全國Ⅱ)HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturning

abunchofhighschoolkids.Challengingallowsto7.(2019·全國Ⅲ)AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbols

(consist)ofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.8.(2019·北京)Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfrom

(number)theydon’tknow.9.(2019·北京)Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysof

(determine)andcommunicatingwhatisreal.consisting

numbersdetermining10.(2019·江蘇)Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence

plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.11.Thislittledevice,

isflexibleandconvenient,hasobviousadvantages.12.Wearelivinginaninformationage,whenTV,cellphonesandthewebare

(wide)used.thatwhichwidely13.Inaword,peopleshouldmakegooduseofmobilephonesinsteadofbecoming

(addict)tothem.14.

thehelpofthecomputer,itwillbepossibleforhumanstoworkathome.15.We’lldoourbesttocatchupwiththe

(advance)worldlevels.16.Themoretheyusethephoneduringtheday,the_________

(poor)theirsleepis.addictedWithadvanced

poorer

17.Havingamobilephonemakesiteasyforme

(keep)intouchwithmyfriends.18.Asweallknow,TuYouyou,aChinesewomanscientist,hasmadegreat

(contribute)tomedicalresearch.19.Facedwithnewopportunitiesand

(challenge),heisdeterminedtohaveatry.20.Asweallknow,todaywebenefitfromcountless

(invent).tokeepcontributionschallengesinventionsⅢ.完成句子1.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatmoderntechnology____________________

____________inlife.毫無疑問,現(xiàn)代科技給我們的生活帶來方便和舒適。2.

,studentscanobtainknowledgeontheInternet,and

,theycan_______________________.一方面,學(xué)生可以通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)知識;另一方面,他們可以開闊自己的視野。3.IbelieveIcanusetheInternetverywell___________________________________.我相信只要我知道如何控制自己,我就能很好地使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。bringsusconvenienceandcomfortOntheonehandontheotherhandbroadentheirhorizons

aslongasIknowhowtocontrolmyself4.Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,weshould_________________

________________________,enjoyingitsconveniencebutavoidingitsnegativeinfluence.根據(jù)上面提到的,我們應(yīng)該合理地利用手機(jī)——享受其便利,但是避免其負(fù)面影響。5.Microblogcanprovideaplatformtoshowourtalentandreleaseourpressure,thus__________________________________________________________________.微博能提供一個(gè)展示我們的天賦、釋放我們的壓力的平臺,因此這使它越來越受高中生的歡迎。6.

,wecansurftheInternetatamuchhigherspeed.一旦這一新技術(shù)開始使用,我們就可以以快得多的速度在網(wǎng)上沖浪。

makingitmoreandmorepopularwithseniorhighschoolstudentsmakeuseofthemobilephoneproperly

OncethenewtechnologycomesintouseⅣ.語法填空Chinesehigh-speedtrainsareavery1.

(comfort)waytotravel.Theyareclean,quietandefficient.Chinahasledotherdevelopingcountriesandevensomedevelopedonesinthisfieldsincethefirsthigh-speedtrain2.

(come)intousein2008.

Thestationsare3.

(main)builtoutsidethetowncenter,butlocaltransporthasbeenlengthened4.______(connect)thehigh-speednetwork.Thefacilitiesonthetrainarenewandthestaffarewelltrained.Eventhesecondclass5.

(chair)provideplentyofspace.Thepassagesaresowide6.

you【語篇解讀】本文介紹了中國高鐵在世界上處于領(lǐng)先地位,同時(shí)也介紹了它的優(yōu)勢。1.comfortable中國高鐵是一種很舒服的旅行方式。修飾名詞way用形容詞,故填comfortable。2.came根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語in2008可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故用came。3.mainly高鐵站主要修在市郊,但是當(dāng)?shù)氐慕煌ㄑ由斓礁哞F站來連接全國高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)。修飾動(dòng)詞build用副詞。4.toconnect分析句子可知,此處用不定式作目的狀語,故填toconnect。5.chairs即使是二等座的椅子也有相當(dāng)大的空間。分析句子可知,本句缺少主語,chair為可數(shù)名詞,故用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。6.that通道是如此寬敞,你可以經(jīng)過的時(shí)候不用打擾別人。so...that“如此……以至于”,故此處填that。canmovewithoutdisturbinganyone.Youcanuseyourmobilephone,access7.

Internetorworkonyourlaptop.Thereisalsoarestaurantcar,thoughthekindsoffood8.

(be)limited.Thetoiletsarelarge,cleananduser-friendlytoo.Thetrainalmostdoesn’trock.Evenwhenthetrainbrakes,youcanhardlyfeelitshake.What’smore,thehigh-speedtrainsarealso9.

(little)affectedbyweatherthanplanes.Seldomaretheydelayedorcancelledforweathercondition.10.

,theyhavebecomethefirstchoiceformanypassengers.7.to

accesstosth為固定搭配,意為“得以使用某物”,故此處填to。8.are分析句子可知,本句主語為kinds,故謂語動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式,此處為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)陳述一般事實(shí),故填are。9.less根據(jù)下文thanplanes可知,設(shè)空處須用比較級形式,故填less。10.Therefore根據(jù)語境可知,設(shè)空處前后為因果關(guān)系,且有逗號隔開,故填Therefore。主題主旨大意題主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解中?？嫉念}型之一,主要考查考生通過閱讀文章準(zhǔn)確獲取文章的主旨和歸納、概括中心思想的能力。通常以概括文章主旨大意、總結(jié)段落大意、歸納文章標(biāo)題以及判斷作者寫作意圖等形式出現(xiàn)。例如2020年全國Ⅰ卷、全國Ⅱ卷15個(gè)閱讀理解題中都有2個(gè)主旨大意題,全國Ⅲ卷有3個(gè)主旨大意題。1.主旨大意題——體裁決定答案文章的主旨大意往往由文章體裁決定。議論文主要是論述作者的某個(gè)觀點(diǎn),往往采用“總—分—總”的模式,第一段提出論點(diǎn),然后是論據(jù)部分,最后一段得出結(jié)論(論點(diǎn)的重申),所以主題句常在第一段或最后一段說明文說明一個(gè)事物的用途或制作過程,主題句一般在首段新聞報(bào)道主要是報(bào)道一個(gè)人物事跡或重大事件等,主題句常出現(xiàn)在首段首句記敘文一般沒有明顯的主題句,需要根據(jù)文中敘述的內(nèi)容和線索來概括文章大意,但是如果文章末段出現(xiàn)說理性的句子,則這個(gè)句子往往為主題句2.標(biāo)題歸納題(1)正面肯定法:在理解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上,揣摩哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)能準(zhǔn)確概括主旨;(2)反面否定法:撇開原文,拿各個(gè)備選項(xiàng)去設(shè)想,用它們寫出來的文章將是什么內(nèi)容,然后和原文對照,一一排除不恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。3.段落大意題——根據(jù)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)精準(zhǔn)定位主題句(1)總分順序組織段落:首句做總的說明,其他句子對其進(jìn)行具體論述,這種結(jié)構(gòu)的主題句就在段首;(2)分總順序組織段落:主題句就在段尾;(3)分總分順序組織段落:主題句就在段落的中間。4.寫作意圖題——不同的體裁有不同的寫作意圖體裁寫作意圖廣告推銷某種產(chǎn)品或某種服務(wù),或是通過影片、圖書、電視節(jié)目、旅游景點(diǎn)等的介紹以吸引更多的觀眾、讀者或游客等說明文向人們展示某物的用途或制作過程研究報(bào)告向人們展示某種研究結(jié)果議論文論述一個(gè)道理或表達(dá)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)記敘文向人們分享經(jīng)歷、敘述一件事情或表達(dá)情感等

A

Scientistsmayonedaybeabletodestroyvirusesinthesamewaythatoperasingersbreakwineglasses.Newresearchmathematicallydeterminedthefrequenciesatwhichsimplevirusescouldbeshakentodeath.“Thecapsid(殼)ofavirusissomethingliketheshellofaturtle,”saidphysicistOttoSankeyofArizonaStateUniversity.“Iftheshellcanbedamagedbymechanicalvibrations(震動(dòng)),theviruscanbedestroyed.”

Recentexperimentalevidencehasshownthatlaser(激光)pulseswiththerightfrequencycankillcertainviruses.However,locatingtheseresonant(共振的)frequenciesisabitoftrialanderror.“Experimentsmusttryvariousconditions,”Sankeysaid.Tofurtherthissearch,SankeyandhisstudentEricDykemanhavedevelopedawaytocalculatethevibrationsofeveryatominavirusshell.Fromthis,theycandeterminethelowestresonantfrequencies.Anexperimenthasrecentlyshownthatpulsesoflaserlightcancausedestructivevibrationsinvirusshells.Sankeysaid,“Likewakingupachildonaswingbypushinghim,onesuddenpushgetsthevirusshaking.”

However,itisdifficulttocalculatewhatsortofpushwillkillavirus,sincetherecanbemillionsofatomsinitsshellstructure.Adirectcalculationofeachatom’smovementswouldtakeseveralhundredthousandGigabytesofcomputermemory,Sankeyexplained.Theteamplanstousetheirtechniquetostudyothermorecomplicatedviruses.However,itisstillalongwayfromusingthistodestroythevirusesininfectedpeople.“Thisissuchanewfield,andtherearesofewexperimentsthatthesciencehasnotyethadenoughtimetoproveitself,”Sankeysaid.“Weremainhopefulbutremainskepticalatthesametime.”【語篇解讀】文章介紹了一種使用一定的振動(dòng)頻率來破壞病毒的方法。1.Whatmaybethenewwaytokillviruses?A.Replacingviruses’capsidswithshells.B.Breakingviruses’capsidsbyvibration.C.Locatingthepositionofcertainviruses.D.Damagingtheconditionsthatviruseslike.1.B細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段中的Thecapsidofavirusissomethingliketheshellofaturtle和“Iftheshellcanbedamagedbymechanicalvibrations,theviruscanbedestroyed.”可知,病毒有一層外殼,如果受到機(jī)械振動(dòng)則可以將其破壞,病毒就可以被毀滅。2.WhydidSankeymention“wakingupachildonaswingbypushinghim”inParagraph4?A.Toprovehowsimplethenewtheoryis.B.Toexplainhowtostartthevirusshaking.C.Tosuggesttheideacomesfromourreallife.D.Toshowthedestructivepowerofvibrations.2.B推斷題。根據(jù)第4段最后一句可知,就像從秋千上推孩子把他弄醒一樣,一個(gè)突然的推動(dòng)就會(huì)讓病毒顫抖,因此可推斷,Sankey是用類比的方式幫助讀者了解這種破壞病毒的原理。3.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Theshellstructureofviruses.B.Thelackofcomputermemory.C.Thechallengingpartoftheresearch.D.Theimportanceofatoms’movement.3.C主旨題。根據(jù)第5段的內(nèi)容可知,由于病毒的外殼結(jié)構(gòu)中可能有數(shù)百萬個(gè)原子,因此很難計(jì)算出哪種推動(dòng)會(huì)殺死病毒。直接計(jì)算每個(gè)原子的運(yùn)動(dòng)將消耗大量計(jì)算機(jī)內(nèi)存,因此本段主要講的是在這項(xiàng)研究中會(huì)遇到的問題。4.WhatisSankey’sattitudetowardsthetheory?

A.Disapproving. B.Worried.C.Uncaring. D.Positive.4.D推斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Weremainhopefulbutremainskepticalatthesametime.”可知,Sankey對這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)的未來是有信心的。B“ThishasgoneaswellasIcouldhavedreamed,andIcanflyinthenearfuture!”Yes,AlyssaCarson,a20-year-oldastronautfromBatonRouge,Louisiana,iscapable.Forher,ridingthemostaggressiverollercoasterintheparkisnotabigdeal.Ifallgoesaccordingtoherplans,NASAwillsendhertoMarsin2033,makingherthefirsthumantostepfootontheplanet.Shewillspendtwotothreeyearslivingthere,growingfood,performingscienceexperimentsandsearchingforsignsoflife.“TheMartianisactuallyveryaccurate,”shesaid.“Alotofthingsthathappenedinthemoviesaresimilartowhatisgoingtohappen.”Shehasdevotedherentirelifetopreparingforherjourney.

HerloveforspacestartedwhenshewatchedacartooncalledTheBackyardigansattheageof3.Fiveanimalpalswentonimaginaryadventuresintheirbackyard,includingonepart—amissiontoMars.“Ithoughtthisredplanetwassocool!”shesaid.“Istartedwatchingvideosofrovers’landingonMars.IhadalargemapofMarsinmyroomwhichIwouldlookateveryday.IstartedgettingtelescopessoIcouldlookatspace.”

Atage7,herfathertookhertospacecampinHuntsville,Alabama.“Thatwastheweekendofmylife,”shesaid.“IgottolearneverythingIhadbeenwantingtoknowandIgottoseealife-sizedrocket.”Shecherishedtherocketsomuchthatshereturned18times.Atage12,shebecamethefirstpersoninhistorytoattendallthreeNASAspacecampsinHuntsville,Alabama;Quebec,CanadaandIzmir,Turkey.Atfirstshemasteredthebasicsofspaceandhowhumanshaveexploreditthroughouttime.Asshegotoldershesimulated(模擬)missions,tryingtoreachadestinationin,weightlesszones.Whenshewas9,shemetNASAastronautSandraMagnus.Theexperiencedexplorertoldhershewasheragewhenshedecidedtogotospace.AtthatmomentAlyssaknewherloveofspacewasnotahobby.“Ididthesamethingasotherkids,likeswitchingmymindaboutcareers,wantingtobeateacherorthepresidentoneday,”shesaid.“Bu