【語法課件】主謂一致原則練習(xí)與講解

主謂一致要點(diǎn)精講1.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.are C.amD.be2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks___tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered3.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory___yet.A.isnotdecided B.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecided D.havenotdecided4.Thenumberofpeopleinvited___fifty,butanumberofthem___absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;was C.was;wereD.were;were5.E-mail,aswellastelephones,___animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayed C.areplayingD.play6.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;is B.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;is D.Twofifths;are“一致”是指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性、數(shù)等方面應(yīng)保持一致?！爸髦^一致”是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are,were,have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is,was,has,works等。在具體處理一致關(guān)系時(shí)可遵循以下三原則:語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。意義一致的原則（一）謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)的情況1.由and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。TheworkerandwriterisfromWuhan.(那個(gè)工人兼作家…)(比較：TheworkerandthewriterarefromBeijing.那位工人和那位作家)

BreadandbutterisadailyfoodintheWest.2.Every…and(every)…,each…and(each…,no…and(no)…,manya…and(manya)…連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.3.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。Eachofthestudentshasabook.4.clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等無生命的集合名詞作主語。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.5.以s結(jié)尾的詞，但表示學(xué)科、國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱作主語。6.表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。Twentyyearshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.7.由any-,some-,no-和-one,-thing,-body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。8.非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語。Collectingstampsiswhathelikes.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.9.單數(shù)名詞、抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞作主語。（二）謂語動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)的情況1.由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。Bothbreadandbutteraresoldout.2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.3.goods,stairs,arms等名詞作主語。4.由山脈、群島、瀑布、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)等s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.5.anumberof/quantitiesof/agroupof+名詞作主語。（三）謂語動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定1.集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主語。強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指?jìng)€(gè)個(gè)成員用復(fù)數(shù)。Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.2.means,works,pains等詞，根據(jù)主語表達(dá)的概念而定。Thesteelworksisnearthestation.Twonewsteelworksarebeingbuilt.3.“kind,sort,pair,type+名詞”作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。4.all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.5.“half/most/enough/part/therest/thelast/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語:謂語動(dòng)詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。就近一致原則

由or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。

NotonlyhebutalsoIaminvited.Neithermyglovesnormyhatgoeswiththedress.

但注意：

“with/alongwith/togetherwith/including/but/except/like/among/aswellas/nomorethan/besides/ratherthan+名詞”置于主語后，謂語動(dòng)詞一般仍和前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。Theteacherwithanumberofstudentsisintheclassroom.集合名詞作主語，謂語的數(shù)如何確定?1．Hisfamily_______asmallone．2．Hisfamily_______fatandshort．A．is，isB．a(chǎn)re，areC．is，areD．a(chǎn)re，is此題應(yīng)選C。family是一個(gè)集合名詞，具有單數(shù)(側(cè)重指整體)和復(fù)數(shù)(側(cè)重指?jìng)€(gè)體)兩種可能。類似這種用法的詞主要的有：team(隊(duì)，隊(duì)員)，class(班，班上的全體學(xué)生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘務(wù)員)，committee(委員會(huì)，委員們)，audience(聽眾)等：但是并不是所有的集合名詞都具有以上兩種用法：1.有的集合名詞總是用作單數(shù)(不可數(shù))：clothing衣服，poetry詩(shī)歌，baggage／luggage行李，furniture家俱，machinery機(jī)械，scenery景色，jewellery珠寶等。2.有的集合名詞總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(但不用復(fù)數(shù)形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。

Thisclassconsistsof45students.MrGreenteachesit．這個(gè)班45個(gè)學(xué)生，由格林先生教。Thisclassarealldiligent.MrGreenteachesthem.這個(gè)班的學(xué)生都很用功，由格林先生教。Theteamisthebestintheleague．這個(gè)隊(duì)在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。Thefootballteamarehavingbaths．足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員們?cè)谙丛?。謂語應(yīng)該跟主語一致還是跟表語一致?WeChinese____ahard-workingpeople．A．isB．a(chǎn)re C．isbeingD．a(chǎn)rebeing此題應(yīng)選B。這里應(yīng)注意的是：我們通常說的是主謂一致（即謂語與主語保持一致），而不是表謂一致（即不是謂語與表語一致），本題意為：我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。注意以下類似例子：ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJim．Theplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudy．ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks．Thecountry'sleadingexportiswatches．Thebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies．并列主語中謂語應(yīng)與哪個(gè)保持一致？1.Youorhe_______toblame．你或他有一人要受責(zé)備。2._______youorhetoblame?受責(zé)備的是你還是他？A．is，IsB．a(chǎn)re，AreC．is，AreD．a(chǎn)re，Is在通常情況下，兩個(gè)并列主語由or，either…or，neither…nor，not…but，notonly…but（also）等連接時(shí)，其謂語通常與第二個(gè)主語（即臨近的一個(gè)主語）保持一致，但是，在疑問句中則通常與第一個(gè)主語（即臨近的一個(gè)主語）保持一致。1．Oneortwodays____enoughtoseethecity．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m D．be2．NeithermywifenorImyself____abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m D．be3．NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m D．be4．Nottheteacher，butthestudents____lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm．A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．a(chǎn)m D．be下列結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語應(yīng)與哪個(gè)主語保持一致？Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks____tothenationasagift．A．isoffered B．hasofferedC．a(chǎn)reoffered D．haveoffered用連詞and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語，其謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)，但是若主語跟有with,like,but,except,