【課件】2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 議論文完形填空

第4講議論文Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The

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isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof

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becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.

Howdidwe

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athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasiertoreplaceanobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.

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modernmanufacturing(制造業(yè))andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland

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.

Anothercauseisourloveofdisposable(一次性的)products.As

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people,wearealwayslookingfor

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tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companiesproducethousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.

Ourappetitefornewproductsalso

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totheproblem.Weare

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buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthatnewerisbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe

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usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.

Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe

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ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To

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theamountofrubbishandtoprotecttheenvironment,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.

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,thisisnotenoughtosolve(解決)ourproblem.

Maybethereisanotherwayout.Weneedtorepairourpossessions

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throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout

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.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.

1.A.key

B.reason

C.project

D.problem2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change4.A.Thanksto B.AstoC.Exceptfor D.Regardlessof5.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful6.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy7.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends8.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes9.A.tiredof B.addictedtoC.worriedabout D.ashamedfor10.A.pickup B.payforC.holdonto D.throwaway11.A.advantages B.purposesC.functions D.consequences12.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure13.A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.Meanwhile14.A.by B.infavourofC.after D.insteadof15.A.spending B.collectingC.repairing D.advertising【文章大意】現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中,人們?nèi)拥舻睦絹?lái)越多。文章討論了產(chǎn)生這種問(wèn)題的原因,并提出了改變消費(fèi)方式,利用可再生原料,保護(hù)環(huán)境等解決對(duì)策。1.【解析】選D。根據(jù)上文“在現(xiàn)代社會(huì),當(dāng)東西用壞后,我們就會(huì)把它扔掉并買(mǎi)一個(gè)新的”和下文“人們?nèi)拥袅吮纫酝嗟睦?可知這是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。2.【解析】選B。根據(jù)下文的“rubbish”和“Mountainsofrubbish”可知,本題選B。3.【解析】選B。人們不斷地扔垃圾,導(dǎo)致垃圾越來(lái)越多。所以可判斷該句句意為“我們是如何成為滿(mǎn)是廢品的社會(huì)的呢?”become變成。4.【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文“公司能快速而又廉價(jià)地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”可知,這多虧了現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)和科技。thanksto多虧了,幸虧。

5.【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文“公司能快速而又廉價(jià)地生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品”可知產(chǎn)品應(yīng)是豐富而又便宜的。cheap便宜的。6.【解析】選D。根據(jù)下文“節(jié)約時(shí)間和使我們的生活更加容易”可知我們是很忙的人。busy繁忙的。7.【解析】選A。根據(jù)句意“作為繁忙的人,我們總是尋找節(jié)約時(shí)間和使我們的生活更加容易的方法”可知選A。way方法。8.【解析】選D。句意:我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的欲望也會(huì)導(dǎo)致這一問(wèn)題。contributeto導(dǎo)致。9.【解析】選B。根據(jù)上文“我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的欲望”和下文“扔掉有用之物來(lái)為新買(mǎi)的東西騰出空間”可知我們對(duì)買(mǎi)新產(chǎn)品“上癮”。beaddictedto對(duì)……上癮。10.【解析】選D。根據(jù)上下文的throwaway一詞,再結(jié)合該句句意“結(jié)果是我們?nèi)拥粲杏弥飦?lái)為新買(mǎi)的東西騰出空間”。throwaway扔掉。11.【解析】選D。根據(jù)下文“垃圾山越來(lái)越大”可知,這是我們的“這種扔掉型的生活方式”所造成的結(jié)果。consequence結(jié)果。12.【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文的“保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境和要求人們循環(huán)使用物料”可知該處意為“為了減少垃圾的數(shù)量”。decrease減少。13.【解析】選A。上文提到一種保護(hù)環(huán)境的方法,下文又說(shuō)這種方法還不足以解決我們的(垃圾越來(lái)越多的)問(wèn)題?？芍舷挛膽?yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故用however然而。14.【解析】選D。另一種方法就是修理我們的東西而不是扔掉它們?？崭袂昂髴?yīng)是正反對(duì)比關(guān)系。insteadof而不是。15.【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文的spending一詞可知此處選A。句意:我們也需要重新思考我們對(duì)于消費(fèi)的態(tài)度?！疚谋菊w感知】1.解讀主旨閱讀文章,根據(jù)提示回答問(wèn)題What’sthemainideaofthepassage?Weareliving____________________becausepeople___________________________thaneverbefore.Weneedto________________________________________and_________________________.

inathrowawaysocietyarethrowingoutmorerubbishdosomethingtoreducetheamountofrubbishtakecareofourenvironment2.理清結(jié)構(gòu)

3.鑒賞語(yǔ)言請(qǐng)找出反映文章主旨的詞匯和表達(dá)___________________________________________________________________________________recycle,makeroomfor,contributeto,beaddictedto,wearout,throwaway,rubbish,cause

【解題思路模板】思路1.理清段落脈絡(luò),注意前后照應(yīng)第一段由兩個(gè)句子構(gòu)成,其中第二個(gè)句子是對(duì)全文首句的拓展。注意第二段首句的問(wèn)句與第一段之間的關(guān)系。另外第五段首句與第一段照應(yīng)。嘗試完成下面題目:T1

D

T2

B

T3

B

T11

D

思路2.尋找線(xiàn)索詞文中第二、三、四段回答了Howdidwebecomeathrowawaysociety?這一問(wèn)題。三個(gè)方面的原因由主到次,分別由firstofall,another(cause),also(contributestotheproblem)串為一體。善于抓住這一類(lèi)線(xiàn)索詞,可以從宏觀(guān)確定答案。嘗試完成下面題目:T4

A

T5

C

T6

D

T7

A

T8

D

T9

B

T10

D

【完形微技能】技法1明晰議論文的寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)1.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,脈絡(luò)有序。議論文是高考完形填空中較難的一種文體,一般由三個(gè)要素組成:論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)形成一體,相互印證。有時(shí)作者為了使文章脈絡(luò)清楚,行文流暢,會(huì)使用一些連接詞,如:onthecontrary,allinall,inshort,generallyspeaking,worsestill,ontheotherhand,inconclusion,asaconsequence等。2.首句制勝,論點(diǎn)明確。議論型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出論點(diǎn),然后在各段的首句提出分論點(diǎn)。3.不同的議論文論點(diǎn)的提出方式不同,有以下三種情況:①開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山地提出論點(diǎn),然后再通過(guò)具體的論據(jù)去說(shuō)明論點(diǎn),論據(jù)有時(shí)候既有正面的論據(jù),也有反面的論據(jù),最后總結(jié)全文。②導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)。先通過(guò)敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象,然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問(wèn)題提出自己的論點(diǎn),再用具體的論據(jù)去說(shuō)明自己的論點(diǎn)。③最后提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文一開(kāi)始作者僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象,不表明自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn),是通過(guò)對(duì)具體現(xiàn)象的分析,自然得出一種結(jié)論,本文屬于第②類(lèi)。技法2關(guān)注否定詞,把握句子邏輯完形填空中少不了NOT,它與上下文有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的關(guān)系。善于抓住它,可以提供做題線(xiàn)索。例如第五段中最后一句thisisnotenoughtosolveourproblem.而T13之前的為一個(gè)肯定的敘述,因此判斷T13前后句意為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

技法3抓住復(fù)現(xiàn)詞,找到解題線(xiàn)索議論文中不可避免地出現(xiàn)大量的(同義)復(fù)現(xiàn)詞,根據(jù)復(fù)現(xiàn)可以找到解題線(xiàn)索。如本文中wearout;throwaway;mountainsof;plentiful;disposable;theamountof等。如T10就是根據(jù)前后文復(fù)現(xiàn)選擇出正確答案的。再如第二段中T5就是根據(jù)前文中inexpensively確定的答案。

【思維遷移升華】閱讀原文概要,在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Itissaidthatweareenteringathrowawaysociety,1.__________meansthatpeoplethesedaystendtothrowawayoldthingsandbuynewones.Thereareafew2.__________(factor)behindthisphenomenon.

Firstofall,withthe3.__________(develop)oftechnology,thecompanycanproduce4.__________(many)cheapproducts.Apartfromeconomicandtechnicalreasons,otherfactorsincludepeople’slack5.__________awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.

Forexample,somepeopleusedisposableproductsfor6.__________(convenient)everydaypayinglittleattentionto7.__________impactontheenvironment.Soourappetitefornewproductsalso8.__________(lead)totheproblem.

Atpresent,manygovernmentsareencouragingpeople9.__________(use)recyclablematerials.Despitetheimprovementofourlivingconditions,10.__________(throw)oldthingsawayshouldbediscouragedanditiseveryone’sresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironment.

答案:

1.which

2.factors

3.development

4.more

5.of6.convenience

7.the

8.leads

9.touse

10.throwing

【題后反思】閱讀文章最后一段,體會(huì)第一句中another有什么作用。將最后一句翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。答案:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________anotherwayout與上一段緊密結(jié)合,說(shuō)明最后兩段是一個(gè)整體。

最后一句:Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.

譯文:修理我們的東西和改變我們的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣可能是減少垃圾數(shù)量和保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境的最好方法。Passage1(2020·濰坊三模)AteacheratCedarBluffElementarySchool,AndrewKlickawritesrapmusictohelpstudentslearnandrememberconcepts.“Istartedwritingraps

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thesocialstudiestestsweresohard,”Klickasaid.“Kidshada(n)

2

timerememberingalloftheinformationthatwehadto

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.”

Thispieceofnewshas

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thatmusiccanhelpkidsdobetterinschool.Thebestwayto

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factsmightbetosetthemtomusic.Medicalstudents,forexample,havelongusedrhymesandsongstohelpthem

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vastquantitiesofinformation.AdoctorbythenameofTupasMukherjee

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thatatthehospitalheworkedatnoone

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theproceduresformanagingasthma(哮喘).Sohecreatedavideoandrecordedhimself

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theguidelinesonasthmaprocedures.Ithasspreadquickly,andnowall

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useitandareabletoremembertheguidelines.

Musicalsomakestheschooldaymorefun.Itmakesschoolmore

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.ManystudentscometoschoolwithoptionalcourseslikeSpanish.Nogymormusic.Iftheyhadamusichourorprogram,theycouldreduce

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andrelaxtheirbraininaway.

Therefore,I

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withsomepeoplewhothinkthatmusicisworthsacrificingforother

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suchasupgradedwebsites.Weshouldn’t

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musicprograms.

【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。本文介紹了音樂(lè)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)方面的幫助,認(rèn)為音樂(lè)課不應(yīng)該被其他課程所取代。1.A.because

B.thoughC.until D.unless【解析】選A?？疾檫B詞詞義辨析。句意:我開(kāi)始寫(xiě)說(shuō)唱是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的考試都太難了。分析文章可知,提到“AndrewKlickawritesrapmusictohelpstudentslearnandrememberconcepts”,Andrew開(kāi)始寫(xiě)說(shuō)唱是為了幫助學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)理解概念,由此判斷Andrew寫(xiě)說(shuō)唱和考試太難之間是因果關(guān)系,故選A。2.A.difficult B.longC.unforgettable D.boring【解析】選A?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:學(xué)生們?cè)谟洃浳覀兘淌诘闹R(shí)時(shí)是非常困難的。difficult困難的;long長(zhǎng)的;unforgettable難以忘記的;boring無(wú)聊的。分析文章可知,前文提到“thesocialstudiestestsweresohard”現(xiàn)在的考試太難了,由此判斷,學(xué)生在準(zhǔn)備考試內(nèi)容的時(shí)候也是十分困難的。故選A。3.A.write B.teachC.collect D.store【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:學(xué)生們?cè)谟洃浳覀兘淌诘闹R(shí)時(shí)是非常困難的。文章第一句提到“AteacheratCedarBluffElementarySchool,AndrewKlickawritesrapmusictohelpstudentslearnandrememberconcepts.”Andrew是一所學(xué)校里的老師,因此學(xué)生要記憶的知識(shí)是老師教授的,故選B。4.A.repeated B.complainedC.announced D.proved【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:這條新聞證實(shí)了音樂(lè)確實(shí)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。repeated重復(fù);complained抱怨;announced聲稱(chēng);proved證明。分析文章內(nèi)容可知,第一段及第二段中“Thebestwayto...factsmightbetosetthemtomusic.Medicalstudents,forexample,havelongusedrhymesandsong...vastquantitiesofinformation.”記憶最好的方式就是把知識(shí)編進(jìn)歌曲里,且在第二段中列舉了醫(yī)學(xué)生通過(guò)音樂(lè)進(jìn)行知識(shí)記憶的例子。由此判斷,這條新聞證實(shí)了音樂(lè)確實(shí)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。故選D。5.A.face B.explainC.remember D.know【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:記下這些知識(shí)最好的方式就是寫(xiě)進(jìn)歌里。第一段第一句提到“AndrewKlickawritesrapmusictohelpstudentslearnandrememberconcepts.”Andrew老師寫(xiě)了說(shuō)唱歌曲來(lái)幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)行記憶,因此最好的方式是將知識(shí)寫(xiě)進(jìn)歌里來(lái)幫助記憶。故選C。6.A.check B.seekC.provide D.master【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:例如,醫(yī)學(xué)生早就用韻律和歌曲幫助他們掌握大量的信息。分析文章可知,第二段第二句提到“Thebestwayto...factsmightbetosetthemtomusic.”掌握知識(shí)點(diǎn)的最好的方式就是把知識(shí)點(diǎn)寫(xiě)進(jìn)歌里,接著文章舉例提到醫(yī)學(xué)生早就使用了這個(gè)方法。故選D。7.A.realized B.predictedC.supposed D.understood【解析】選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:一位叫TupasMukherjee的醫(yī)生意識(shí)到,在他工作的醫(yī)院里,沒(méi)有人遵循哮喘管理程序。realized意識(shí)到,發(fā)現(xiàn);predicted預(yù)測(cè);supposed假設(shè);understood理解。后文提到“Sohecreatedavideoandrecordedhimself...”TupasMukherjee醫(yī)生自己錄了視頻記錄自己治療哮喘的過(guò)程,由此判斷是TupasMukherjee醫(yī)生意識(shí)到醫(yī)院里沒(méi)有人按照相關(guān)程序進(jìn)行治療。故選A。8.A.accepted B.followedC.created D.appreciated【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:一位叫TupasMukherjee的醫(yī)生意識(shí)到,在他工作的醫(yī)院里,沒(méi)有人遵循哮喘管理程序。后文提到“Sohecreatedavideoandrecordedhimself...”TupasMukherjee醫(yī)生自己錄了視頻記錄自己治療哮喘的過(guò)程,且該段最后一句提到“Ithasspreadquickly,andnowall______useitandareabletoremembertheguidelines.”TupasMukherjee醫(yī)生拍攝的視頻作為指導(dǎo)思想進(jìn)行了廣泛的傳播,由此判斷是TupasMukherjee醫(yī)生意識(shí)到醫(yī)院里沒(méi)有人按照相關(guān)程序進(jìn)行治療。故選B。

9.A.developing B.presentingC.reciting D.singing【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:于是他制作了一段視頻,并錄下了自己將治療哮喘指南唱出來(lái)的過(guò)程。第二段第二句和第三句提到“setthemtomusic”和“usedrhymesandsongs”幫助人們記憶的最好的方式就是把內(nèi)容放在音樂(lè)里。由此判斷,TupasMukherjee應(yīng)該是把治療哮喘的方式唱進(jìn)歌里。故選D。10.A.students B.professorsC.doctors D.reporters【解析】選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:這個(gè)視頻快速地傳播開(kāi)來(lái),所有的醫(yī)生都開(kāi)始使用這個(gè)視頻,并且都能記住了治療哮喘指南。分析文章可知,TupasMukherjee醫(yī)生在醫(yī)院工作,并且錄制這個(gè)視頻的原因是為了向其他醫(yī)生們傳播治療哮喘的方法。故選C。11.A.practical B.importantC.interesting D.unusual【解析】選C?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:音樂(lè)也使得學(xué)校生活更加的有趣。分析文章可知,前文提到“Musicalsomakestheschooldaymorefun.”音樂(lè)會(huì)給學(xué)校生活增添很多樂(lè)趣,因此相對(duì)應(yīng)的選擇interesting。故選C。12.A.confidence B.pressureC.friendship D.conflict【解析】選B?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:他們就會(huì)減輕一些壓力,并讓自己的大腦在某種程度上休息一會(huì)。該段第一句提到音樂(lè)會(huì)給學(xué)校生活增添很多樂(lè)趣,由此判斷音樂(lè)可以幫助學(xué)生減輕自己的壓力。故選B。13.A.talk B.disagreeC.compare D.compete【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我不同意音樂(lè)課要為別的科目進(jìn)行犧牲。分析文章內(nèi)容可知,作者在前文中提到了音樂(lè)在記憶知識(shí)點(diǎn)方面的幫助,以及音樂(lè)給學(xué)校生活帶來(lái)的樂(lè)趣,由此判斷作者是十分認(rèn)同音樂(lè)的作用的,因此不能讓音樂(lè)課為別的科目犧牲。故選B。14.A.methods B.abilitiesC.programs D.reasons【解析】選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:我不同意音樂(lè)課要為別的科目進(jìn)行犧牲。該段最后一句提到了“musicprograms.”,由此判斷除了音樂(lè)這個(gè)科目之外還有別的科目,故選C。15.A.lookforwardto B.takeadvantageofC.addupto D.getridof【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞組辨析。句意:我們不應(yīng)該去掉音樂(lè)課。lookforwardto期待;takeadvantageof利用;addupto加起來(lái);getridof去除;擺脫。分析文章內(nèi)容可知,作者對(duì)于音樂(lè)是持有一個(gè)積極的態(tài)度的,而且在最后一段中,作者也認(rèn)為音樂(lè)課不能為其他的科目犧牲,因此不應(yīng)該去掉音樂(lè)課。故選D。Passage2(2020·上海二模)HowSavingWildlifeBenefitsHumansIt’snosecretthatwe’velostanoverwhelmingnumberofspecieswithinthatlastfourdecades.Thesespecieshaveallbut

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duetooverpopulation,deforestation,consumerculture,climatechange,animalexploitation,andotherharmingsources—allbroughtaboutbymankind.

Oneofthefirstgreatrulesofterrestrial(陸地的)biologyis“nospeciesisforever.”

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,thisrapidlossofspeciestodayisestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timeshigherthanthenaturalextinctionrate.Asincreasinglyacceptedtheorieshaveargued,wearenowinthemidstofthesixthgreat

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.

TheEarthconsistsofplants,animals,water,land,theatmosphere,andhumans.Biodiversity(生物多樣性)

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thehealthoftheplanetandhasagreatimpactonallourlives.Reducedbiodiversitymeansafuturewherefoodsuppliesarevulnerable(易受攻擊的)topestsanddisease,andfreshwaterisinshortsupply.Ifbiodiversity

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impactsourlivesinsuchbigways,thenourconservation(環(huán)保)effortsdon’tjustbenefittheenvironment,theybenefitus,too.

Oneconvincingbenefitthatcomesfromwildlifeconservationeffortsisthatitensuresfood

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.Wildlifeconservationpromotesagriculturalbiodiversity,whichplaysanimportantroleinbuildingasecureandhealthyfoodsystem.Whenagriculturalbiodiversityis

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andlandisclearedforagriculture,extensivehabitatlosstakesplace,aswellasundocumentedlossofspeciesandmassivesoilerosion(侵蝕).

Anotherbenefitthatcomesfromwildlifeconservationisthatthese

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protecthumanhealth.ConservationInternationalreportsthat“morethan50percentofmodernmedicinesandmorethan90percentoftraditionalmedicinescomefromwildplantsandanimals.”

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,aworldthatpromoteshealthyecosystemsandbiodiversityprovidescrucialbuffers(緩沖)betweendiseaseandhumans.Anumberofstudieshave

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reduceddiversityamongmammal(哺乳動(dòng)物)speciesandoveralldecreasesinbiodiversitytoanincreaseinthetransmission(傳播)ofanimal-bornediseasestohumans.

Perhapsthemostconvincingbenefitthatcomesfromwildlifeconservationisthatitprovidesuswith

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whetheritbeeconomicallyorsocially.Increasingbiodiversityandhealthyecosystemsimproveagriculturalproductivity,therebyallowingfarmstobecomemore

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.Healthyecosystemsthatarehometouniquespecies

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touristsfromaroundtheworld,whichhelpsthelocaleconomyandinvitesinanewfusionofinvestment.

Ourunsustainable,unconscious,self-interestedrelationshipwiththeenvironmenthasledusintoanextremelydestructibleworld.Ifwedonottakeactionand

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changingourways,weareatriskoflosingmorevitaland

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ecosystemsandbiodiversity,oratleastuntilthesixthgreatextinctionclaimsonefinalspecies:ourown.

【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。因?yàn)楦鞣N人類(lèi)活動(dòng),很多動(dòng)植物瀕臨滅絕。人們應(yīng)該采取措施保護(hù)生物多樣性和生態(tài)系統(tǒng),這樣也能讓人類(lèi)自己受益,如可以確保食物安全、保護(hù)人類(lèi)健康,更是給人類(lèi)自己機(jī)會(huì)。1.A.changed B.existedC.disappeared D.evolved【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:由于人類(lèi)帶來(lái)的人口過(guò)剩,森林砍伐,消費(fèi)文化,氣候變化,動(dòng)物開(kāi)發(fā)和其他危害源,這些物種幾乎都消失了。changed改變;existed存在;disappeared消失;evolved進(jìn)化。前文we’velostanoverwhelmingnumberofspecies說(shuō)明該空意為“消失”,故選C。2.A.Furthermore B.HoweverC.Therefore D.Otherwise【解析】選B?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意:然而,據(jù)估計(jì),今天物種的快速流失比自然滅絕率高1000至10000倍。Furthermore此外;However然而;Therefore因此;Otherwise否則?？瞻浊昂笫寝D(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選B。3.A.extinction B.destructionC.evolution D.immigration【解析】選A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:越來(lái)越被接受的理論認(rèn)為,我們現(xiàn)在正處于第六大滅絕中。extinction滅絕;destruction毀滅;evolution進(jìn)化;immigration移民。前文thisrapidlossofspeciestodayisestimatedtobebetween1,000and10,000timeshigherthanthenaturalextinctionrate.說(shuō)明該空意為“滅絕”,故選A。4.A.threatens B.localizesC.strengthens D.endangers【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:生物多樣性加強(qiáng)了地球的健康,對(duì)我們的生活有很大的影響。threatens威脅;localizes使局部化;strengthens加強(qiáng),增強(qiáng);endangers危及。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,應(yīng)該是生物多樣性使地球的健康狀況增強(qiáng)(strengthen),故選C。5.A.infrequently B.potentiallyC.regionally D.directly【解析】選D?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意:如果生物多樣性以這樣的方式直接影響我們的生活,那么,我們的環(huán)保工作不僅僅有益于環(huán)境,也對(duì)我們有益。infrequently稀少地;potentially潛在地;regionally地域性地;directly直接地。前文Reducedbiodiversitymeansafuturewherefoodsuppliesarevulnerabletopestsanddisease,andfreshwaterisinshortsupply.體現(xiàn)的是生物多樣性對(duì)我們生活的直接(directly)影響。故選D。6.A.management B.inspectionC.development D.security【解析】選D?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)工作帶來(lái)的一個(gè)令人信服的好處是它能確保食品安全。management管理;inspection檢查;development發(fā)展;security安全。下文Wildlifeconservationpromotesagriculturalbiodiversity,whichplaysanimportantroleinbuildingasecureandhealthyfoodsystem.說(shuō)明是食品安全(security)。故選D。7.A.identified B.cultivatedC.exploited D.valued【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)生物多樣性被開(kāi)發(fā)、土地被開(kāi)墾為農(nóng)業(yè)用地,棲息地大量喪失,無(wú)記錄的物種流失和大規(guī)模水土流失也在發(fā)生。identified辨別;cultivated耕種;exploited開(kāi)采、開(kāi)發(fā);valued重視。下文landisclearedforagriculture,extensivehabitatlosstakesplace說(shuō)明該空是說(shuō)物種多樣性被開(kāi)發(fā)(exploited)利用。故選C。8.A.initiatives B.consequencesC.intentions D.contributions【解析】選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的另一個(gè)好處是,這些意圖能保護(hù)人類(lèi)健康。initiatives主動(dòng)性;consequences結(jié)果;intentions意圖、目的;contributions貢獻(xiàn)。該處應(yīng)該是說(shuō)人們保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物的意圖(intention)。故選C。9.A.Inaddition B.AfterallC.Inparticular D.Bycontrast【解析】選A?？疾榻樵~短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:除此以外,一個(gè)促進(jìn)健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生物多樣性的世界,在疾病和人類(lèi)之間提供了至關(guān)重要的緩沖。Inaddition除此以外;Afterall畢竟;Inparticular尤其;Bycontrast對(duì)比。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境,上下文之間應(yīng)該用“除此以外”(Inaddition)連接。故選A。10.A.adapted B.turnedC.adjusted D.linked【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:許多研究將哺乳動(dòng)物物種多樣性和生物多樣性總體下降與動(dòng)物性疾病向人類(lèi)傳播的增加聯(lián)系起來(lái)。adapted改編;turned轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);adjusted調(diào)節(jié);linked聯(lián)系在一起。linksth.tosth.意為“將……和……聯(lián)系起來(lái)”,表示哺乳動(dòng)物物種多樣性和生物多樣性總體下降與動(dòng)物性疾病向人類(lèi)傳播的增加聯(lián)系起來(lái)。故選D。11.A.protections B.opportunitiesC.services D.nutrients【解析】選B?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:也許野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)帶來(lái)的最令人信服的好處是,無(wú)論是經(jīng)濟(jì)上還是社會(huì)上,它都給我們提供了機(jī)會(huì)。protections保護(hù);opportunities機(jī)會(huì);services服務(wù);nutrients營(yíng)養(yǎng)。根據(jù)下文Increasingbiodiversityandhealthyecosystemsimproveagriculturalproductivity,therebyallowingfarmstobecomemore________可知,保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物給人類(lèi)提供了機(jī)會(huì)(opportunity)。故選B。

12.A.standard B.welcomeC.scarce D.profitable【解析】選D?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:增加生物多樣性和健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能提高農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力,從而使農(nóng)場(chǎng)變得更盈利。standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的;welcome歡迎的;scarce缺乏的;profitable盈利的。前文improveagriculturalproductivity說(shuō)明是盈利的(profitable)。故選D。13.A.discourage B.attractC.forbid D.protect【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:擁有獨(dú)特物種的健康生態(tài)系統(tǒng)吸引來(lái)自世界各地的游客,有助于地方經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,吸引新的投資。discourage使氣餒;attract吸引;forbid禁止;protect保護(hù)。下文whichhelpsthelocaleconomyandinvitesinanewfusionofinvestment說(shuō)明吸引了(attract)游客。故選B。14.A.feellike B.keeponC.setabout D.arguefor【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:如果我們不立刻采取措施,開(kāi)始改變我們的方式,我們面臨失去更重要的和不可替代的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生物多樣性。feellike想要;keepon繼續(xù);setabout開(kāi)始;arguefor為……辯護(hù)。前文takeaction說(shuō)明這里是開(kāi)始(setabout)做事。故選C。15.A.irreplaceable B.unpredictableC.unlimited D.imbalanced【解析】選A。考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:如果我們不立刻采取措施,開(kāi)始改變我們的方式,我們面臨失去更重要的和不可替代的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生物多樣性。irreplaceable不可取代的;unpredictable不可預(yù)測(cè)的;unlimited無(wú)限制的;imbalanced不平衡的。結(jié)合上下文以及根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是不可取代的(irreplaceable)。故選A。Passage3Inone’slife,one

usuallyhaslittleunderstandingofoneself.Whenyousucceed,youmaybevery

1

.Whenyou

2

youmayloseheart.Ifyoudon’tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself,youmaymisslotsof

3

inlife.

Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfistoknow

4

aboutyourself.Youmayrealizeyourstrongpointsandweak

5

.Youmayhopeforawonderfulfuture,butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecausenotalldreamscanbe

6

.Youmaybeconfidentenoughto

7

challenges,butfirstyoushouldknow

8

.

Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourself

9

self-appreciation.Maybeyouthinkyouarenotatalltree

10

justsmallgrass,butaslongasyougetfullconfidence,youaresuretofaceanytrouble.

Togetathoroughunderstandingofyourselfalsomeansto

11

yourself.

Whenyouare

12

,findaquietplacesothatyouwon’tbehurt.Whenyouaresad,tellyourfriendsaboutitto

13

themood(心情)intoagoodone.Whenyouaretired,getagoodsleep.Ifyoudon’ttakegoodcareofyourself,you

14

beabletostayawayfromillness.

Soifyougetathoroughunderstandingofyourself,andyouwillgetafull

15

ofyourselfandfindyourlifefullofcolor.

【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。這篇短文主要講述如何認(rèn)識(shí)自我的問(wèn)題。認(rèn)識(shí)自我就是要了解自我、賞識(shí)自我、善待自我,只有這樣,才能掌控自我,讓生命充滿(mǎn)色彩。1.A.good B.luckyC.pride D.proud【解析】選D?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)你成功時(shí),你可能會(huì)非常自豪。根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容Whenyousucceed可知成功時(shí),肯定是感到自豪的。此處需要形容詞proud作表語(yǔ)。故選D。2.A.fail B.winC.beat D.have【解析】選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)你失敗時(shí),你可能會(huì)失去信心。根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容youmayloseheart可推知,你失敗時(shí),可能會(huì)喪失信心。故選A。3.A.lessons B.problemsC.chances D.choose【解析】選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:如果你不徹底地了解自己,你可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)生活中的很多機(jī)會(huì)。結(jié)合上文語(yǔ)境Ifyoudon’tgetathoroughunderstandingofyourself,youmaymisslotsof可推知是指錯(cuò)過(guò)生活中的機(jī)會(huì)(chances)。故選C。4.A.little B.wellC.badly D.worse【解析】選B?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。句意:要徹底了解自己,就必須好好認(rèn)識(shí)自己。根據(jù)后文Youmayrealizeyourstrongpoints可知要了解自己,就要好好地認(rèn)識(shí)自己,意識(shí)到自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。故選B。5.A.one B.onesC.it D.those【解析】選B?？疾榇~辨析。句意:你可能會(huì)意識(shí)到自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。根據(jù)前文Youmayrealizeyourstrongpoints你可能會(huì)意識(shí)到自己的優(yōu)點(diǎn),此處指“缺點(diǎn)”,用ones代替上文的points,故選B。6.A.realized B.rememberedC.replied D.received【解析】選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:你可以憧憬美好的未來(lái),但是不要期望太多,因?yàn)椴皇撬械膲?mèng)想都能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。根據(jù)上文butbesurenottoexpecttoomuchbecausenotalldreamscanbe可知對(duì)未來(lái)不要期待太多,是因?yàn)椴皇撬械膲?mèng)想都能實(shí)現(xiàn)的。故選A。7.A.receive B.seeC.avoid D.meet【解析】選D?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:你可能有足夠的信心迎接挑戰(zhàn),但首先你應(yīng)該知道該做什么。結(jié)合后文challenges可知是迎接挑戰(zhàn),meetchallenges“迎接挑戰(zhàn)”。故選D。8.A.wheretodo B.whentodoC.whattodo D.howtodo【解析】選C?？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)辨析。句意:你可能有足夠的信心迎接挑戰(zhàn),但首先你應(yīng)該知道該做什么。要迎接挑戰(zhàn),肯定首先是要知道該做什么(whattodo)。故選C。9.A.meets B.needsC.tries D.gets【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:要徹底了解自己,就需要自我欣賞。結(jié)合后文aslongasyougetfullconfidence,youaresuretofaceanytrouble可知要徹底了解自己,就需要先欣賞自己。故選B。10.A.or B.butC.and D.if【解析】選B?？疾檫B詞辨析。句意:也許你認(rèn)為你不是一棵大樹(shù),而是一棵小草,但只要你有充分的信心,你肯定能面對(duì)任何麻煩。此處為短語(yǔ)not...but...表示“不是……而是……”。故選B。11.A.takeafter B.runafterC.lookafter D.seeafter【解析】選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意:徹底了解自己也意味著要照顧好自己。takeafter與……相像;runafter追趕;lookafter照顧;seeafter照看。此處可對(duì)應(yīng)到后文中Ifyoudon’ttakegoodcareofyourself可知是指“照顧自己”,lookafter與takegoodcareof都表示“照顧”。故選C。12.A.angry B.cryC.happy D.ill【解析】選A?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)你生氣的時(shí)候,找一個(gè)安靜的地方,這樣你就不會(huì)受到傷害。后文分別提到了悲傷和疲憊的時(shí)候應(yīng)該怎么做,由此可知,此處也是指有了某一種消極情緒的情況,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)angry最符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。13.A.change B.cutC.throw D.show【解析】選A?？疾閯?dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)你難過(guò)的時(shí)候,告訴你的朋友,讓心情變好。根據(jù)后文themoodintoagoodone可知難過(guò)時(shí)找朋友傾訴,是為了把心情變好。故選A。14.A.will B.won’tC.need D.may【解析】選B?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意:如果你不好好照顧自己,你就無(wú)法遠(yuǎn)離疾病。結(jié)合題干可知這是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),故主句應(yīng)該用一般將來(lái)時(shí),且結(jié)合句意可知為否定句,應(yīng)用won’t。故選B。15.A.pleasure B.knowledgeC.control D.power【解析】選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。句意:所以,如果你徹底了解了自己,你就能完全控制自己,你的生活就會(huì)多姿多彩。根據(jù)上文youwillgetafull可知了解了自己之后,就能完全控制自己,短語(yǔ)getafullcontrolof“完全控制”。故選C。專(zhuān)題能力提升練

二十二限時(shí)25分鐘Passage1Societyhastheresponsibilityofimprovingthequalityoflifeofdisabledpeople.Youcanjudgeasocietybythewayit

1

andcaresforitsdisabledpopulation.Disabledpeoplearenot

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oftheirfamiliesnorofthesocietytheybelongto.Infactmanyofthemareableto

3

theirowncareersanddoverywellintheirownfields.Howmanygreatmenofallageswho

4

someformsofdisabilitybutreachedthetopoftheirgreatnessandhelpedshapethelivesofgovernmentsandpeople!

Allofuswill

5

thisstageinourhumanexistence—thatis,beingdisabled.Ifnowyouarephysically

6

,withnophysicalimpairment,timewillcomewhenyouwillgrowold,andyou’llneedthatspecialattention.

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discoveriesofnewmedicinesandbettermethodsofhealthcare,agreatpartofthepopulationoftheworldcan

8

longer.Soagreatmanywill

9

difficultiesifalleysandpassages,buildingsandstructuresandmeansoftransportationare‘not’suitedtoadisabled-friendlyenvironment.

Society’sgovernmentmustbeableto

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ramps(斜坡)inbuildingsorstructures,orabarrier-freeenvironment.Theblindorthevisually-impairedmustalsohave

11

tocomputerswithBraille(盲文)system.Thedeafmuteneedassistants,orifnot,theirco-employeesmustbeabletodo

12

languageandspecialchildrenmustbegivenadequatecareandeducation.

13

,onlythoseadvancedcountriescanprovidethesenecessities,andthosedisabledwhoarelivingin

14

countrieshavetostayathome,andhavetobearwithmanybarriers,livingina(n)

15

environment.

【文章大意】殘疾人是社會(huì)中的弱者,但是殘疾人也能夠追求熱愛(ài)的事業(yè),在自己的領(lǐng)域闖出一片天空。社會(huì)有責(zé)任提高殘疾人的生活質(zhì)量。1.A.handles

B.claims

C.charges

D.cures【解析】選A。根據(jù)Societyhastheresponsibilityofimprovingthequalityoflifeofdisabledpeople.Youcanjudgeasocietybythewayit...可知社會(huì)有責(zé)任改善殘疾人的生活。你可以通過(guò)一個(gè)社會(huì)如何處理殘疾人和如何照顧殘疾人來(lái)評(píng)判它。2.A.members B.prideC.burdens D.fortune【解析】選C。根據(jù)Infactmanyofthemareableto______theirowncareersanddoverywellintheirownfields.可知,殘疾人不是家庭和社會(huì)的負(fù)擔(dān)。

3.A.demand B.receiveC.dreamof D.seekafter【解析】選D。事實(shí)上殘疾人也能夠追求熱愛(ài)的事業(yè),在自己的領(lǐng)域闖出一片天空。4.A.benefited B.sufferedC.survived D.defeated【解