OracleASM常用知識小結(jié)

首頁ASM常用知識小結(jié)內(nèi)容提綱什么是ASMASMDISKGROUP（磁盤組、磁盤、目錄、別名、文件）通過ASMCMD工具管理ASM文件系統(tǒng)模擬ASM磁盤11gR2GridInfrastructure遷移數(shù)據(jù)庫到ASMASM趨勢ASM(AutomaticStorageManagement)

Oracle10g引入的新的存儲概念可以自動管理磁盤,并提供數(shù)據(jù)冗余和優(yōu)化OperatingSystemDataBaseASMVolume

ManagerFile

SystemApplication什么是ASMDatabaseTablespaceSegmentExtentOracle

blockDatafilePhysical

BlockASM

DiskGroupASMDiskASMFileAllocationUnitFileSystemFileor

RawDeviceASM概念Oracle數(shù)據(jù)文件放置所遇到的問題數(shù)據(jù)庫有1000以上的數(shù)據(jù)文件時當(dāng)有大量數(shù)據(jù)文件時命名就變得很困難了特性和文件系統(tǒng)限制隨操作系統(tǒng)的不同而不同對于歸檔日志和備份，操作系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)商不提供共享磁盤文件系統(tǒng)目標(biāo)與Oracle緊密集成，并與集群一起使用(并行服務(wù)器)自動使用新的存儲，作為磁盤單元或磁盤組來管理支持成千上萬的磁盤簡化命名誰需要如果你想從你現(xiàn)有的磁盤子系統(tǒng)中獲得更高的性能如果你正在使用RAC

為什么使用ASM繁瑣的規(guī)劃物理卷組，邏輯卷，一旦規(guī)劃完成很難調(diào)整pvcreate/dev/sda/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sddvgcreatevgdata01/dev/sda/dev/sdb/dev/sdc/dev/sddlvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata001vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata002vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata003vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata004vgdata01;lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata005vgdata01;....lvcreate-i4-I128-L10240M-nlvdata200vgdata01;createtablespacedata01datafile'/dev/vgdata_01/lvdata001'size10200M...;Altertablespacedata01adddatafile...;傳統(tǒng)的卷管理模式500g-1T30T-100T傳統(tǒng)的卷管理模式Lv0001Lv0002Lv0003…Lv2001Lv0001Lv0002…簡化了數(shù)據(jù)文件的管理，只需要告訴對應(yīng)的邏輯磁盤名稱，就可以簡單的創(chuàng)建表空間和添加數(shù)據(jù)文件CREATEDISKGROUPDSKGRP1EXTERNALREDUNDANCYDISK(感覺有點像操作系統(tǒng)vg哦)'/dev/sda','/dev/sdb','/dev/sdc','/dev/sdd';createtablespacedata01datafile'+DSKGRP1'size10200M...;ASM管理模式NODE1/arch1/arch2(nfs)NODE2/arch1(nfs)/arch2NODE1NODE2ARCHGROUPASM存儲歸檔日志備份歸檔日志mkdir-p/oracle/backuprmantarget/nocatalogchangearchivelogallvalidate;run{ALLOCATECHANNELCH01TYPEDISK;sql'ALTERSYSTEMARCHIVELOGCURRENT';BACKUPASCOMPRESSEDBACKUPSETARCHIVELOGALLFORMAT'/oracle/backup/archivelogs_%d_%u_%s_%T'deleteinput;BACKUPASCOMPRESSEDBACKUPSETCURRENTCONTROLFILEFORMAT'/oracle/backup/controlfile_%d_%u_%s_%T';RELEASECHANNELCH01;}ASM下歸檔日志備份參數(shù)文件$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora*.asm_diskgroups='DSKGRP1'*.asm_diskstring='/oracle/oradata/asmdisk*'*.instance_type='asm‘*.asm_power_limit=1ASMParameter啟動ASM實例，和啟動ORACLE實例類似，只是ORACLE_SID不一樣$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$

sqlplus/nologSQL>CONNECT/ASsysdbaConnectedtoanidleinstance.SQL>STARTUP;ASMinstancestartedTotalSystemGlobalArea147936196bytesFixedSize324548bytesVariableSize96468992bytesDatabaseBuffers50331648bytesRedoBuffers811008bytesASMdiskgroupsmountedASMInstanceASM實例對應(yīng)的一些后臺進程#ps-ef|grepasmgrid239461019:43?00:00:00asm_pmon_+ASMgrid239481019:43?00:00:03asm_vktm_+ASMgrid239531019:43?00:00:00asm_gen0_+ASMgrid239561019:43?00:00:00asm_diag_+ASMgrid239591019:43?00:00:00asm_psp0_+ASMgrid239621019:43?00:00:01asm_dia0_+ASMgrid239641019:43?00:00:00asm_mman_+ASMgrid239701019:43?00:00:00asm_dbw0_+ASMgrid239721019:43?00:00:00asm_lgwr_+ASMgrid239761019:43?00:00:00asm_ckpt_+ASMgrid239781019:43?00:00:00asm_smon_+ASMgrid239811019:43?00:00:00asm_rbal_+ASMgrid239841019:43?00:00:00asm_gmon_+ASMgrid239861019:43?00:00:00asm_mmon_+ASMgrid239901019:43?00:00:00asm_mmnl_+ASMASMInstanceDiskGroupDGSYSASM

InstanceDiskGroupDGDATA01DiskGroupDGINDEX01ASMDISKGROUP$dbca10g,11g在dbca創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫時管理ASM不同10g使用dbca管理asm11gr2使用asmcaDBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫$dbcaDBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫每個對應(yīng)的磁盤組中可以有不同數(shù)量的磁盤個數(shù)DGSYSDGDATA01DGINDEX011ASMDISKMirroratextentlevelExternalredundancy: DeferstohardwaremirroringNormalredundancy:(RAID1???) Two-waymirroring AtleasttwofailuregroupsHighredundancy:(RAID5???) Three-waymirroring AtleastthreefailuregroupsDiskGroupMirroringController1Controller2Failuregroup1Failuregroup2DiskgroupAController3Failuregroup317131713171317131713171317131713171323456ASMFailureGroup方便區(qū)分磁盤，在前期規(guī)劃給每個磁盤起個別名ln-s/dev/sdc/oracle/oradata/asmdisk01ln-s/dev/sdd/oracle/oradata/asmdisk02ln-s/dev/sde/oracle/oradata/asmdisk03ln-s/dev/sdf/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04ln-s/dev/sdg/oracle/oradata/asmdisk05ln-s/dev/sdh/oracle/oradata/asmdisk06ln-s/dev/sdi/oracle/oradata/asmdisk07ln-s/dev/sdj/oracle/oradata/asmdisk08ln-s/dev/sdk/oracle/oradata/asmdisk09ln-s/dev/sdl/oracle/oradata/asmdisk10CreateDiskGroup$asmca在11gr2中使用Asmca對ASM實例磁盤組等進行管理CreateDiskGroup$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus“/assysdba”or(sqlplus“/assysasm”針對11gr2對權(quán)限做了加強，需要使用sysasm權(quán)限創(chuàng)建磁盤組)(Two-waymirroring)SQL>CREATEDISKGROUPDSKGRP2

NORMALREDUNDANCY

FAILGROUPcontroller1DISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04','/oracle/oradata/asmdisk05'FAILGROUPcontroller2DISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk06','/oracle/oradata/asmdisk07';CreateDiskGroup$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus"/assysdba"SQL>dropdiskgroupDSKGRP2includingcontents;DropDiskGroup*.asm_power_limit=1asm_power_limit參數(shù)可以設(shè)置為0-11，如果設(shè)置為0，那么ASM自動重新分布數(shù)據(jù)功能會被關(guān)閉。SQL>altersystemsetasm_power_limit=0;SQL>showparameterasm_power_limitNAMETYPEVALUE--------------------------------asm_power_limitinteger0手工分布數(shù)據(jù)SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1REBALANCEPOWER2WAIT;查看數(shù)據(jù)分布需要多長時間SQL>selectoperation,est_minutesfromv$asm_operation;DiskGroupDynamicRebalancing添加磁盤自動平衡數(shù)據(jù)$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM$sqlplus"/assysdba"SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04';AddDiskDSKGRP1DSKGRP1DSKGRP1SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDISK'/oracle/oradata/asmdisk04';AddDiskSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1DROPDISKDSKGRP1_0003;DropDisk調(diào)整磁盤組或者磁盤的大小ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1RESIZEDISKdiska1SIZE10G;手動平衡數(shù)據(jù)ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1REBALANCEPOWER5;檢查磁盤設(shè)備一致性ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1CHECKALL;AdminDiskgroup撤銷DROPSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1DROPDISKDSKGRP1_0003;SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1UNDROPDISKS;AdminDiskgroupDatabaseFileCREATETABLESPACEsampleDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1';12341234Automatic

ASMfile

CreationRMANASMFilesSQL>selectname,path,total_mb,free_mb,failgroupfromv$asm_disk;

NAMEPATHTOTAL_MBFREE_MBFAILGROUP-------------------------------------------------------------------DSKGRP1_0001/oracle/oradata/asmdisk021024976CONTROLLER1DSKGRP1_0000/oracle/oradata/asmdisk011024977CONTROLLER1......CREATETABLESPACEsampleDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFFEXTENTMANAGEMENTLOCALUNIFORMSIZE1MSEGMENTSPACEMANAGEMENTAUTOALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ALTERTABLESPACEsampleADDDATAFILE'+DSKGRP1'SIZE100MAUTOEXTENDOFF;ASMFilesSQL>selectfile_id,file_namefromdba_data_files;

FILE_IDFILE_NAME------------------------------------------------------……6 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.256.6847628797 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.257.6847638758 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.258.6847639059 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.259.68476393510 +DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.260.684763961……SQL>selectname,path,total_mb,free_mb,failgroupfromv$asm_disk;

NAMEPATHTOTAL_MBFREE_MBFAILGROUP-------------------------------------------------------------------DSKGRP1_0001/oracle/oradata/asmdisk021024720CONTROLLER1DSKGRP1_0000/oracle/oradata/asmdisk011024722CONTROLLER1

ASMFiles$exportORACLE_SID=+ASMSQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDIRECTORY'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/';SQL>ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDDIRECTORY'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample001.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.256.684762879';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample002.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.257.684763875';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample003.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.258.684763905';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample004.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.259.684763935';ALTERDISKGROUPDSKGRP1ADDALIAS'+DSKGRP1/tablespace/sample/sample005.dbf'FOR'+DSKGRP1/orcl/datafile/sample.260.684763961';創(chuàng)建目錄/別名文件Dropfileusinganalias.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1/my_dir/my_file.dbf';

Dropfileusinganumericformfilename.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1.342.3';Dropfileusingafullyqualifiedfilename.ALTERDISKGROUPdisk_group_1DROPFILE'+disk_group_1/mydb/datafile/my_ts.342.3';文件StoragesystemV$ASM_DISKGROUPV$ASM_CLIENTV$ASM_DISKV$ASM_FILEV$ASM_TEMPLATEV$ASM_ALIASV$ASM_OPERATIONDiskgroupADiskgroupBASMView10grelease1

管理ASM只能通過SQL語句10grelease2

命令行工具ASMCMD，它使我們可以更為方便地瀏覽和管理ASM磁盤組中的文件和目錄。它可以列出磁盤組的內(nèi)容，執(zhí)行搜索，創(chuàng)建或刪除目錄及別名，顯示空間利用率等forFTPtypetheurl:---ftp://<host>:2100/forHTTPtypetheurl:--http://<host>:8080/References:

Note243554.1

Note357714.1通過ASMCMD工具管理ASM11grelease1

比較實用的copy命令，11g以前只能考慮使用RMAN

將ASM管理的文件copy到一般的文件系統(tǒng)

cp+DATA/RAC/DATAFILE/sample.256.629730771/home/oracle/sample001.dbf

將某個數(shù)據(jù)文件直接copy到ASM管理的磁盤中 cp/home/oracle/sample002.dbf+DATA/RAC/DATAFILE/

可以實現(xiàn)遠程copy ASMCMD>cp-ifr+DSKGRP1/orcl/spfileorcl.orasys@server1.1521.+ASM:+DSKGRP1/orcl/spfileorcl1.ora

Enterpassword:******ASMCMD運行asmcmd$exportORACLE_SID=+ASM1$asmcmdASMCMD>lsdg使用asmcmd命令必須先啟動asm實例，不然會有以下報錯：rac1->asmcmd–pORA-01034:ORACLEnotavailableORA-27101:sharedmemoryrealmdoesnotexistLinuxError:2:Nosuchfileordirectory(DBDERROR:OCISessionBegin)使用asmcmd必須先指定ORACLE_HOME和ORACLE_SID，注意此處ORACLE_SID是asm的sid，不然會報錯：rac1->asmcmd–pORA-01034:ORACLEnotavailableORA-27101:sharedmemoryrealmdoesnotexistLinuxError:2:Nosuchfileordirectory(DBDERROR:OCISessionBegin)ASMCMD交互模式運行 在操作系統(tǒng)命令提示符下輸入asmcmd，會得到ASMCMD>提示符，可以輸入相關(guān)的命令，如果使用-p選項，將在ASMCMD提示符中包含當(dāng)前路徑，如下： $export

ORACLE_SID=+hisasm1 $asmcmd

-p非交互模式運行 命令格式為：asmcmdcommandarguments，如下： $asmcmd

ls

-l非交互模式運行，監(jiān)測diskgroup使用情況，特別象數(shù)據(jù)庫歸檔使用ASM存儲，可以生成文件，加入自動監(jiān)控。

ASMCMD部分常用的ASMCMD命令列表

du顯示指定的ASM目錄下ASM文件占用的所有磁盤空間 ls列出ASM目錄下的內(nèi)容及其屬性lsct列出當(dāng)前ASM客戶端的信息lsdg列出所有磁盤組及其屬性mkalias為系統(tǒng)生成的文件名創(chuàng)建別名 ……其他相關(guān)參數(shù)，可使用help查看Type"help[command]"togethelponaspecificASMCMDcommand.

commands:

--------

cd

du

find

help

ls

lsct

lsdg

mkalias

mkdir

pwd

rm

rmaliasASMCMDOracle11grelease2版本和以前的版本在ASM使用上有所區(qū)別，針對ASM需要單獨安裝GRIDINFRASTRUCTURE軟件$./runInstaller11gR2GridInfrastructure注意運行完root.sh后的一些提示#shroot.shToconfigureGridInfrastructureforaStand-AloneServerrunthefollowingcommandastherootuser:/grid/perl/bin/perl-I/grid/perl/lib-I/grid/crs/install/grid/crs/install/roothas.plToconfigureGridInfrastructureforaClusterperformthefollowingsteps:1.ProvidevaluesforGridInfrastructureconfigurationparametersinthefile-/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params.Fordetailsonhowtodothis,seetheinstallationguide.2.Runthefollowingcommandastherootuser:/grid/perl/bin/perl-I/grid/perl/lib-I/grid/crs/install/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.plToupdateinventorypropertiesforGridInfrastructure,performthefollowingsteps.Ifapre-11.2homeisalreadyconfigured,executethefollowing:11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller-updateNodeList-silent-localCRS=falseORACLE_HOME=pre-11.2_HomeAlwaysexecutethefollowingtoregisterthecurrenthome:11.2_Home/oui/bin/runInstaller-updateNodeList-silent-localCRS=trueORACLE_HOME=11.2_Home.Ifeitherhomeisshared,providetheadditionalargumen