口語及美英音標

International

PhoneticSymbols國際音標WhatisInternationalPhoneticsymbols?由于英語的拼寫形式和讀音有很大的分歧,所以無法完全根據(jù)字母來讀音。為了精確地學(xué)習(xí)和掌握語音,就要借助一種注音手段來彌補這一缺陷,于是便產(chǎn)生了一定數(shù)量的精確記錄語音的符號，叫做“音符”(Phoneticsymbols)國際音標（舊稱萬國音符）是國際語音學(xué)協(xié)會（IPA---InternationalPhoneticAssociation)于1888年擬定的一套為各國語言注音的語音符號。我們這里所說的國際音標是專門為英語注音的那一部分標音符號。目前我國通用的國際音標共有48個,其中,元音音標20個,輔音音標28個。音素和國際音標

1．什么是音素：音素是語音的最小單位。2．音素的分類：元音和輔音。3．音素的個數(shù)：共48個，元音音素20個，輔音音素28個。4．什么是音標：記錄音素的符號叫做音標。5．什么是國際音標：國際音標是由國際語音協(xié)會規(guī)定的一套音標，用來

記錄世界各主要語言的語音。7.開音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+e:name,bike,home,due,

plane,shineb)輔音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello8.閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+輔音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant9.重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。[ai][ei][?i][i?][??][u?][au][?u][i:][i][u:][u][?:][?][?:][?][ɑ:][?][?][e][l][r][h][w][j][m][n][?][dz][ts][?][?][tr][dr][b][p][d][t][g][k][v][f][z][s][?][?][e][θ]20元音32320輔音國際音標教學(xué)法圖示PracticeI/i:/eeaeeeiiieeoeya

eatkeygriefbreezefeatureimmediateconvenientateamleadertheChinesepeoplearealsecretapieceofleanmeatJeanisasbusyasabee?Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.SeeingisbelievingpleasespeakEnglishwithme外號：穿針引線長“衣”音1.例詞：feel 關(guān)鍵句：Howareyoufeelingtoday? 今天你覺得怎么樣？2.例詞：people 關(guān)鍵句：TheChineseareagreatpeople. 中華民族是偉大的民族。瘋狂集中操練字母：eChinese中國人extremely極其地字母：eefeeling感情agree同意字母：eaplease請dream夢；夢想字母：ieachieve達到believe相信字母：eireceive接到；接收conceive設(shè)想；構(gòu)思實用操練I'mgladtomeetyou.

我很高興見到你/見到你很高興/認識你很高興十大練嘴精品句：包含兩個該元音1.TheChineseareagreatpeople.

中國人民是偉大的人民。2.Seeingisbelieving.

眼見為實。3.SpeakingEnglishisapieceofcake.

說英語是小菜一碟。前元音

美語音標/i/

英語音標[i:]包含三個該元音4.Thefoodheredoesn'tseemtoagreewithme.

看來這里的食物我吃不慣。5.Doyouhappentoseethekeyontheseat?

你有沒有看到座位上的鑰匙？PracticeI/i/iyeaueyayieai

it,pig,sinkprettydelayremainbegincoffee

explainSundayabigclinicabitchillysixtywomenAlittlelearningisadangerousthing.Hissix-yearoldsisterisasfitasafiddle.WhyisSisterLilysittingthereknittinginsilence?It'snotdifficulttospeakEnglish.經(jīng)典收小腹減肥短“衣”音1.例詞：give 關(guān)鍵句：Shegivesmeabigheadache. 她讓我頭痛。2.例詞：little 關(guān)鍵句：Ifeelalittlesicktoday. 今天感覺有點不舒服。PracticeI

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debtfriendheavenmetalsectionattendconnectwetwithsweatthenextsentenceterribleweatherpressthebellfreshandenergeticAlliswellthatendswell.

Eastorwest,homeisthebest.Good,better,best,/Neverletitrest;/Tillgoodisbetter,/Andbetterbest.小開口“45度”音1.例詞：expensive 關(guān)鍵句：EverythingissoexpensiveinJapan. 在日本什么東西都那么昂貴。2.例詞：friend關(guān)鍵句：Sheismybestfriend.她是我最好的朋友。PracticeI

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andbagcatchhappenthankfancyabsentanxiousavenuesalarypracticalAhappyfamilyhandinhandcapsandhatsWhatdaddysaidmademesad.Aratisrunningalonganarrowtrack.Don’tletthecatoutofthebag.Practicemakesperfect!熟能生巧bathroom大開口夸張“90度”音1.例詞：family關(guān)鍵句：Ihaveaveryhappyfamily.我有一個幸福的家庭。2.例詞：bad關(guān)鍵句：That’stoobad.太遺憾了?！?0度”大嘴音1.例詞：after 關(guān)鍵句：Howaboutthedayaftertomorrow? 后天怎么樣？2.例詞：last 關(guān)鍵句：You'vemadethesamemistakeaslasttime. 你犯了和上次一樣的錯誤。PracticeIII[?:]earerirorur

earnearlyearthearnesturbanearningearthlyworkhurtbirdworldpersondirtypursetermhersirstirreferpreferincuroccurfurwerechurchtheGermanexpertanervousnurseperfectserviceFirstcome,firstserved.It’stheearlybirdthatcatchestheworm.

YouspeakperfectEnglish重讀卷舌音1.例詞：work 關(guān)鍵句：Diditwork? 這行得通嗎？2.例詞：perfect 關(guān)鍵句：Nobody'sperfect.沒有十全十美的人。PracticeIII[?]

aoueeaioerorar

abroadapproveattackadvancesoldierlabourtogetherdistanceoceanseldomdoctorsugar

Breadandbuttersaltandpepper

againandagainRemembertocallyourmother.Theteacherwillgettogethertomorrow.AmericaandChinashouldalwaysworktogether.輕讀卷舌音1.例詞：matter 關(guān)鍵句：What'sthematter? 什么事？2.例詞：teacher 關(guān)鍵句：OurEnglishteacherisgreat.我們的英語老師很好。經(jīng)典收小腹減肥放松“鵝”音1.例詞：about 關(guān)鍵句：Forgetaboutit. 忘記它吧。2.例詞：together 關(guān)鍵句：ChinaandAmericashouldworktogether. 中美應(yīng)該攜手合作。PracticeII/a:/aaraualear

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fastglancemarketdemandremarkheartclerkalargeparcelabasketofbananasmasterofartsafterthebathFarmerBarnesisahardmanforabargain,butheisn’thard-hearted.Farfromeye,farfromheart.Youhaveacharmingsmile.“感嘆”祖國大好河山超級美國大嘴音1.例詞：father 關(guān)鍵句：Myfatherhasnevertraveledabroad. 我父親從未出國旅行過。2.例詞：calm 關(guān)鍵句：Keepcalm,It'snothingserious. 保持冷靜，沒什么大不了的事。大嘴卷舌音1.例詞：charge 關(guān)鍵句：Who'sinchargehere? 這兒誰負責(zé)？2.例詞：hard 關(guān)鍵句：Whatmakesyouworksohard?什么使你這樣賣命？PracticeIII/Q/[?]

uoooouupunderyoungroughenoughfloodstomachdoestoughcousinjustforfunluckyinlovemuchhoneyafunnycouplebloodforbloodWellbegunishalfdonewonderful經(jīng)典收小腹減肥急促短“啊”音1.例詞：love 關(guān)鍵句：Ilovemoney. 我喜歡錢。2.例詞：lucky 關(guān)鍵句：I'mjustlucky. 我只是運氣好。PracticeII/?://?r/aroaroororeouralauawoaouough

allawealways

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authorboardforcedaughterportraitforwardquarterAllinallmoreandmoreashortstoryPaul’sfourandcanwalkandtalk.Thestormisdrawingnear–let’sgoindoorsPridegoesbeforeafall.Alwayssaypleaseandthankyou.It'simportanttopracticeEnglisheveryday.

中嘴長元音1.例詞：talk 關(guān)鍵句：Ineedtotalktoyou. 我要和你談?wù)劇?.例詞：call 關(guān)鍵句：Iwillcallyoulater.回頭我給你電話。中嘴卷舌音1．例詞：more 關(guān)鍵句：Ireallycan'tstanditanymore. 我真的無法忍受了！2.例詞：for 關(guān)鍵句：I'mlookingforMr.Li. 我要找李先生。PracticeII[?]【?】

oaouow

watchblockhonourcollegeknowledgeswallowoccupypolicycoughwash

qualityandquantitycottonsocksborrowaclockapocketwatchThecoffeeistopquality.Whentheshopwasrobbed,everbodywasshocked.

Losttimeisneverfoundagain.possiblebotherSorrytobotheryou.“感嘆”祖國大好河山短“啊”音1.例詞：confidence 關(guān)鍵句：Hehasalotofconfidence. 他充滿了自信。2.例詞：impossible 關(guān)鍵句：Nothingisimpossible. 沒有做不成的事。PracticeII

/u//?/oooou(oo常在t,d,k前讀/u/）classroomlookgoodfoodwomanwoodcouldpuddingunderstoodshouldfullbutcherbulletwoolenPushandpullgoodbooksSoItookabroomandlefttheroom.Howmuchwoodwouldawoodchuckchuckifawoodchuckcouldchuckwood?He'dchuckasmuchwoodasawoodchuckcouldchuckwood.Youshouldworkharder.經(jīng)典收小腹減肥圓唇短“嗚”音1.例詞：good 關(guān)鍵句：Mymotherisagoodcook. 我的媽媽是一位好廚師。2.例詞：look 關(guān)鍵句：Youlookgreattoday.你今天看上去棒極了PracticeII

/u:/

oooouuueoeuiewyouthfruitpupilblueflewshoedotoogrewchewbamboocanoegluetombimproveAblueballoon,anafternooninJuneDon’tlosetheopportunity.Thenewsistoogoodtobetrue.Theruleisusefulonceinabluemoon.小圓唇長“嗚”音1.例詞：improve 關(guān)鍵句：IwanttoimprovemypoorEnglish. 我想改進我的破爛英語。2.例詞：truth 關(guān)鍵句：Youmusttellthetruth. 你必須說出真相。Attention!!!發(fā)以上12個單元音時要注意以下幾點：發(fā)音之前要按照發(fā)音方法和位置的要求先將口型和發(fā)音器官的位置擺好，然后再發(fā)音，不可邊發(fā)音、邊擺口型；發(fā)音過程中,口型及各發(fā)音器官的位置一定不要改變；(c)發(fā)/i:/,/i/,/e/,/?/4個前元音時,唇的扁平度依次縮小,牙床的開合度依次加大；發(fā)/i:/音時前舌抬得最高,發(fā)/?/音時,前舌最低；(d)發(fā)/?/,/?:/,/u/,/u:/4個圓唇音時,唇形依次縮?。?e)帶“:”與不帶“:”的同一符號的音素之間絕不單純是音的長短不同的關(guān)系，而是兩個不同的音素。雙元音是作為一個音節(jié)、用一次呼氣發(fā)出來的兩個元音的連綴。這個連綴是以滑流音的形式讀出來的，即舌從第一個元音的位置向第二個元音方向以最直接的途徑滑過去而成為一個音。雙元音既然是滑流音，自然與一般元音連綴不同，如：(a-i)“阿姨”；(a-u)“阿五”。雙元音的兩個成分中只有第一個讀得比較重、長和清晰，第二個則要讀得比較輕、短和含糊。DiphthongsPracticeIV/ei/

a

a+eaiayeaeiageateaimeightyailacheaidAprilweightmainbreaksteakgreatsavesay

todaygrayweighpaydaymakewayMayDaygreatchangesNopains,nogains.

Hastemakeswaste.ThegreatGreekgrapegrowersgrowgreatGreekgrapes.Don'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes.A:Youhavetoworklonghourstomakemoney.（要想掙錢，你得長時間工作。）B:You'reright.Nopain,nogain.（你說得對。不勞無獲。）關(guān)鍵詞：mistake關(guān)鍵句：Imadeamistake.A:Imadeamistake.（我犯了一個錯誤。）B:Everyonemakesmistakes.（人人都犯錯誤。）PracticeIV/ai/

ii+eyeiighieuy

idlewineiconicemightyislandspytiebuytryhighdrycry

irontirehighlightdescribeskysupplyOutofsight,outofmind.Strikewhiletheironishot.Greatmindsthinkalike.IsthisyourfirsttimeinChina?A:I'msoafraidtospeakEnglish.（我真害怕說英語。）B:Don'tbeshy,justtry.（不要害羞，嘗試一下。）No.36關(guān)鍵詞：mind關(guān)鍵句：DoyoumindifIsmoke?如果我吸煙你介意嗎？A:DoyoumindifIsmoke?（如果我吸煙你介意嗎？）B1:No,notatall.Goahead.（不，我不介意。你盡管抽。）B2:Yes,Ido.Thanksforasking.（是啊，我介意。謝謝你問我。）PracticeIV[?i]oioy

soilboilcoinjointoiletpoisonvoyagechoiceJoycespoilloyalroyaljoytoyenjoyannoycoyemploy

Anoiseannoysanoyster,butanoisynoiseannoysanoystermoreSparetherod,spoilthechild.

Ireallyenjoyedtalkingtoyou.A:Thatboylookssolonelysittingtherebyhimself.（那男孩一個人坐在那兒，看起來很孤獨。）B:Askhimtojoinusforlunch.（請他來和我們一起吃午飯。）關(guān)鍵詞：enjoy關(guān)鍵句：Enjoyyourstayhere.祝你在這里過得愉快。A:Enjoyyourstayhere.（祝你在這里過得愉快。）B:Thanks,I'msureIwill.（謝謝，我相信我一定會的。）PracticeIV/?u/oo+eowoauooeougholdown

openoveroceanodorwrotequoteloafmoanpolarfloatphoneboldmotionmomenthoteltoerowflowechosowdoughbowtomatowindowgoldtoholdone’sbreathacolddrinkNosmoking!Theoldmanlivesalonebuthedoesn’tfeellonely.Arollingstonegathersnomoss(滾石不生苔）Ihopetoseeyouagain.A:IhopeIcanseeyouagain.（我希望我能再次見到你。）B:Thenlet'sgettogetheragainsoon.（那讓我們找個時間再聚吧。）關(guān)鍵詞：know關(guān)鍵句：Idon'tknowwhattodo?我不知道做什么?A:Idon'tknowwhattodo?（我不知道做什么?）B:Don'tworry.Everythingwillworkout.（別擔(dān)心。一切都會解決的。）PracticeIV/au/ouowdoubtamountaccounttowercrowndowntowncowaroundmouselookoutsidereadaloudhowaboutgotothesouthfallonthegroundOpenyourmouthandroundyourlipsShefoundouthowtopronouncethesound.Howareyoudoing,Jane?Youareoutstanding!b.集中雙元音(Risingdiphthongs)

/i?/，/ε?

/，/u?/

集中雙元音的特點是：發(fā)音時口也是從開到合（但發(fā)/i?/時,口從合到開)。與合口雙元音最大的不同點是：雖然也是從開到合,但最后不能滑動成為一個音,而只是從前面的元音向后面的元音集中。PracticeV/i?/eaeireareerereeuioiouear

earringrealizeweirdcuriousexperiencemuseumidiotclearlyherehearmerepierbeerclearappearcarrier

Cheerfultearsfromeartoearamysteriousidea.IfearIcan’thearhimclearlyIt'sveryimportanttohaveclearproniciation.A:Doyoulivenearhere?（你住在附近嗎？）B:Yes,Iliveverynear.（是的，我住得很近。）關(guān)鍵詞：year關(guān)鍵句：We'vebeenfriendsforyears.PracticeV/ε?/

a

airaraeareearereair

aeroplaneareafairwaryrarelyparentchairmancarefulvarycarefarewheresharecomparepairchairsquareprepare

rarebeartearaholewearanewdressshareapearJohnlikestowearhishairlong.Wherethereiswill,thereisaway有志者事竟成Weshouldallcareabouttheenvironment.A:I'mgoingtoquitmyjob.（我準備辭掉我的工作。）B:Idon'tcarewhatyoudo.（你做什么我才不在乎呢。）關(guān)鍵詞：where關(guān)鍵句：Whereareyoufrom?PracticeV/u?/uoorourueureewepoortourmatureendureasurecurefueldueltouristjewelEuropecuriousSurelythepoorpatientwillbecuredThejuryweresurethepoormanwasinnocentofstealingthejewels.I'msureyouwillenjoyit\youaregoingtospeakgoodEnglish\wewillhaveagoodtime.A:Heisfromaverypoorfamily.（他出身于一個非常貧困的家庭。）B:I'msosurprisedtohearthat.（這真讓我驚訝。）A:Areyousureyoucandoit?（你肯定你能做好這件事嗎？）B:Sure.It'sapieceofcake.（當然，小菜一碟。）Contrastpractice/I/－/i:/

ship-sheep

list-leastlive-leavepitch-peachslip-sleepchick-cheek/e/－//pet-pitfell-fillwhen-winhell-hill/A/－/e/

bad-bedgas-guesssad-saidland-lend/e/-/ei/

edge-agefell-failwet-waitlet-late/Q/－/A/

truck-trackmud-madbun-ban/R/－/Q/lock-luckgone-gunfund-fond/:/－/Q/cart-cutheart-hutcalm-comemarch-much/?u/－/u:/

chose-chooseblow-blewsoap-soup/e--------/fair-fire-fearhare-hire-here/hearwear-wire-wierConsonants輔音的特點：輔音是氣流從肺中壓出后受唇、齒、舌、咽喉等發(fā)音器官阻礙的結(jié)果。輔音有清濁之分,發(fā)音時聲帶震動的是濁音，不震動的是清音。輔音的分類：清輔音:/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/,

/θ/,

/s/,

/∫/濁輔音:/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/e/,

/z/,/?/鼻音:/m/,/n/,/?/似拼音:/r/,/h/,/l/半元音:/w/;/j/PlosiveConsonants爆破音：/p/－/b//t/－/d//k/－/g//p/－/b/對比:park-barktap-tabmop-mobBetterbeatabitofbuttertomakebetterbatter.Abigblackbugbitabigblackbear.Where'sthebigblackbearthebigblackbugbit?PracticeVI/t/－/d/對比：heart-hardsight-sidefeet-feedThecartgotstuckinthemud.Toomanyteenagerstendtowastetheirtimewatchingtelevision./k/－/g/對比:

pig-picklog-lockdug-duckMr.Cooksaidtoacook,"Lookatthiscook-book.It'sverygood."SothecooktooktheadviceofMr.Cookandboughtthecook-bookAgoodbeginningmakesagoodending.關(guān)鍵詞：problem關(guān)鍵句：Noproblem.沒問題。A:Doyouthinkyoucanhelpme?（你想你能幫我嗎？）B:Noproblem.（沒問題。）No.50關(guān)鍵詞：popular關(guān)鍵句：He'sapopularpresident.他是一位受歡迎的總統(tǒng)。A:WhatdoyouthinkofBillClinton?（你認為比爾?克林頓怎么樣？）B:He'sapopularpresident.（他是一位受歡迎的總統(tǒng)。）關(guān)鍵詞：busy關(guān)鍵句：I'mverybusynow.我現(xiàn)在很忙。關(guān)鍵詞：trouble關(guān)鍵句：Heisinalotoftrouble.他有許多麻煩。關(guān)鍵詞：today關(guān)鍵句：Todayisagreatday.今天棒極了。Let'sgettogethersometime.Whatkindofjobdoyouhave?I'mdifferentfrommysister.FricativeConsonants摩擦音/f/－/v//f/－/v/對比:leaf-leaveproof-provecalf-carvefast-vastfail-veilcovertheleavesalovelyfiguresavethesafeAFinnishfishernamedFisherfailedtofishanyfishoneFridayafternoonandfinallyhefoundoutabigfissureinhisfishing-net.Lifeisbeautiful.Whatisyourfavoritefood?It'saveryniceview.Haveanicevacation!PracticeVI/s/－/z/對比:

cease-seizeloose-loserace-raiseThesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.Howmanysawscouldasee-sawsawifasee-sawcouldsawsaws?W/－/T/對比:

breath-breatheworth-worthybath-batheFatherandmotherwentthroughthickandthin.Thesixthsheik'ssixthsheep'ssick.Areyouserious?（你是認真的嗎？）Serviceisgoodinthatrestaurant.Myfatherwaspleasedwithmysuccess.Businessisbusiness.公事公辦。Ifeelalittleweaktoday.MayIaskyouaquestion?I'vegottogonow.PracticeVI[?][?]對比:pressure-pleasuregosh–garagesocial-usualshellsharpharshcrushShesellsseashellsbytheseashore.Theshellsshesellsaresurelyseashells.Soifshesellsshellsontheseashore,I'msureshesellsseashoreshells.Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon'twishthewishyouwishtowish.PracticeVI[h]hugeholdithighahighhillbehidethehouseHeisholdingahatinhishandHelenhitthenailontheheadwithahammer.[r]

rarerudeprincecrazybrokenfreshthroughbrownbreadaredribbonapressconferenceThoseredrosesarereallyverypretty3.破擦音：[?][?]

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cheapchestchoiceeachtouchcoachHatches,catches,matchesanddispatches.Whichwatchdidwhichwitchwearandwhichwitchworewhichwatch?[?]judgejoinjamedgedangerbridgeJanehadchickenandFrenchfriesforlunch.JohnurgedJudytobuyadigitalwatch.FricativeConsonantsThatwatchlookscheap.Choosewhichyoulikebest.She'slookingforaparttimejob.Here'syourchange.FricativeConsonants/tr/treetricktruetreattrythetrainThedrummersdrummedandthestrummersstrummed./dr/drydrinkdropdrowndrainMr.Trenchtreatedmetosomestrongdrinks./ts/lotsgetsbootscatssheetsbitsofsheets/dz/readslidsbedsbirdshidesoddsandendsIsawlotsandlotsofbirdsandkites.Nasalconsonants4.鼻音/m/,/n/,/?//m/,memorymouthdimfirmharmSammakesmanymistakesinhishomework.Tomiscomingwithsomehamandmarmalade./n/,nastynounnaillearncoinpainanicetuneThereisnoneedtolightanightlightonalightnightliketonight;foranightlight'sjustaslightlight./?/wingkingbringsingasongalongstringLateralconsonant5.舌邊音/l/(有兩種發(fā)音)A.如果在元音字母前面,發(fā)音“clearl”（“清晰的l”）。舌端抵上齒槽,舌前部向硬顎抬起,讓氣流從舌兩旁的空隙處流過,所以叫舌側(cè)音,也叫旁流音或邊音。longleavelionlockcolorfollowLikefather,likesonLetsleepingdogslieHewholaughslastlaughsbest.B.如果/l/在輔音前面或詞尾,發(fā)“darkl”（“模糊的l”）音.applegirlballmealbellsailruleNomill,nomealSemi-vowels6.半元音/w//j/

/w/與/j/是兩個半元音，因為它們的發(fā)音位置都與有關(guān)元音的發(fā)音位置有關(guān)系。/w/是個雙唇音。它的發(fā)音位置與發(fā)單元音/u:/的相同,但是沒有長度,它只能向元音過渡,起輔音作用,相當于漢語拼音字母(w)在“窩”中所起的聲母作用。/w/是個濁輔音。weekwhetherwirewoundlanguagepersuadeWillWallStreet'srewardswaneifworkerswieldpower?/j/是個舌面音。它的發(fā)音位置與發(fā)單元音/i/的相同,也是沒有長度而只向元音過渡,相當于漢語拼音字母(y)在“衣”中所起的聲母作用。/j/也是個濁輔音。/j/

yesyouthuseunionEuropenewfewContrastPractice/l/－/n/lock-knockloan-knownslow-snowslip-snip/l/－/r/lent-rentlong-wronglight-rightloyal-royal/w/－/v/wet-vetwire-viawine-vineverywell/j/－/?/jyet-jetyour-jawyear-jeer/tr/－/?/ treat-cheattrees-cheesetrip-chiptrain-chaintrace-chase/dr/－/?/dressed-jestdrug-jugdrudge-judge/?/singingbringingringing/?g/longerfingerangryhungerangleEnglandsingular/kw/queenquestionquietquarrelqualityandquantityRulesofreading讀音規(guī)則(Rulesofreading)：字母的名稱音和它的發(fā)音是兩回事。至于某個字母在某個單詞中究竟發(fā)什么音，則取決于這個字母在這個詞中前后和什么字母結(jié)合,根據(jù)這個字母在詞中所處的不同位置而發(fā)出不同的音來。究竟應(yīng)該如何發(fā)音是有一些規(guī)律可循的,將這些規(guī)律歸納起來,就成為讀音規(guī)則。Syllables音節(jié)(Syllables):音節(jié)是包含一個元音或一個元音跟別的輔音結(jié)合而成的發(fā)音單位。在英語中元音特別響亮,一個元音可以構(gòu)成一個音節(jié),一般來說,元音可以構(gòu)成音節(jié),輔音不響亮,不能構(gòu)成音節(jié)。但英語輔音字母中有4個輔音[m]，[n]，[ng]，[l]是響音，它們和輔音音素結(jié)合，也可構(gòu)成音節(jié)。它們構(gòu)成的音節(jié)往往出現(xiàn)在詞尾，一般是非重讀音節(jié)。英語的詞有一個音節(jié)的，兩個音節(jié)的，多個音節(jié)的，一個音節(jié)叫單音節(jié)，兩個音節(jié)叫雙音節(jié)，三個音節(jié)以上叫多音節(jié)。確定音節(jié)時,一不能只看字母的數(shù),二不能只看有沒有元音字母,而是要看有沒有元音。Typesofsyllables(A)開音節(jié)(Opensyllables):分絕對開音節(jié)和相對開音節(jié)兩種。a.絕對開音節(jié)：就是在元音字母后面沒有輔音字母的音節(jié),如:no,she,me等（無聲的e除外）。b.相對開音節(jié)：就是在元音字母后面有輔音字母（r除外）,還有一個無聲的字母e,如:take,bike,note,mute等(have例外)。不論是絕對開音節(jié)還是相對開音節(jié),讀音的規(guī)則就是發(fā)其中元音字母的名稱音。Typesofsyllables(B)閉音節(jié)(Closesyllables):元音字母后面有輔音字母（r除外）時,這個元音字母構(gòu)成的音節(jié)叫做閉音節(jié)。它的讀音規(guī)則是:

元音字母a讀作/?/;e讀作/e/;i讀作/i/;o讀作/?/;u讀作/Λ/,

如:at,cat,shall;desk,best;sit,pig,pick;hot,knock;up,cut,duck等。Typesofsyllables(C)-r音節(jié)：元音字母與輔音字母–r結(jié)合，構(gòu)成ar,er,ir,or,ur音節(jié)。在-r音節(jié)中,ar讀作/ɑ:/,

如：car,far,park,star,large,farmer,target,carpet,carpenter,carbon

(例外：war,warm,warp,Mary);

or讀作/?:/,

如:short,horse,north,sport,normal,forward

(例外:word,work,worm,world);er,ir,ur都讀作/?:/,

如：her,verb,term,serve,stern,certain

girl,bird,first,shirt,skirt,firm;fur,hurt,burn,turn,nurse,further,curtain(例外：clerk,very,Derby);有一點要注意：在雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)的詞中,r如果是雙寫,r前的元音字母在重讀音節(jié)中按閉音節(jié)的讀音規(guī)則發(fā)音,例如：marry/?/,merry/e/,mirror/i/,sorry/?/,hurry/Λ/。

Typesofsyllables(D)-re音節(jié)：元音字母與輔音字母組合-re結(jié)合，構(gòu)成are,ere,ire,ore,ure音節(jié)。在-re音節(jié)中,are讀作/ε?/,如：care,dare,hare,rarestare,square;ere讀作/i?/或/ε?/,如：mere,here;there,where(例外：were)；ire讀作/ai?/,如：fire,tire,hire;ore讀作/?:/,如：more,sore,wore,store;ure讀作/ju?/或/u?/,如：pure,cure,manure;sure。1、重讀音節(jié)任何雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)單詞的音標中，有重讀音節(jié)和非重讀音節(jié)，哪一個音節(jié)重讀，該音節(jié)的左上方或該音節(jié)的元音上方標有重讀符號“'”。2、濁化音以sp__,st___,sk___開頭的單詞清輔音/p//t//k/分別要發(fā)濁輔音/b//d//g/。3、定冠詞the的讀音在以輔音音素開頭的單詞之前讀作/e?/，如：theday,thekey),thehouse在以元音音素開頭的單詞前要發(fā)/ei:/的音，如：theend,t