初中英語語法-介詞

介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞,詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞的含義什么是介詞？它的作用是什么？1.Lookat

me.()2.Hegoestoschoolby

bike.()3.Heisinterestedin

drawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代詞名詞

動(dòng)名詞介詞:通常用在_________、_______、_______

之前，表示某個(gè)人、事物/東西、事件與另一個(gè)之間的_________。名詞代詞名詞動(dòng)名詞關(guān)系介詞的主要分類：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________地點(diǎn)介詞方式介詞時(shí)間介詞固定搭配一.地點(diǎn)介詞1.atthevillage,athome,atthecornerofthestreet..______________________2.inShanghai,inthecountry,inAsia,intheworld,

inspace…

_______________________3.inthebox,onthechair,underthedesk,nexttoKate,ontherightofLucy,infrontofthehouse,behindthedoor…_________________________表示小地方用at表示大地方用in表示不同地方用具體不同的介詞填上正確的地點(diǎn)介詞：1.在廣州_______Guangzhou2.在電影院_______thecinema3.在湖邊_______thelake4.在海里_______thesea5.樹上的蘋果apples______thetree6.書上的小鳥birds______thetree7.在天空上______thesky8.在教室外_________theclassroom9.在農(nóng)場上________thefarm10.在街道上________thestreetinatbyinonininoutsideonin二.方式介詞1.writewith

apen,cutwithaknife,lockwithalock…____________________2.seewithoureyes,dowithourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwithourmouths…____________________3.inEnglish,inFrench,inyourownwords,

inthreelanguage…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…___________________5.inthisway,bythismeans…___________________使用工具用介詞with使用器官用介詞with使用語言用介詞in使用聲音用介詞in使用方法用介詞in或by6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陸路，bysea水路，byair空運(yùn)

_________________

但：onthebike,onthebus,onthetrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…7.①Shanghailies___theeastofChina.()②Japanlies_____theeastofChina.()③Hubeilies_____thenorthofHunan.()8.inareadcoat,thegirlinyellow,theboyinwhite…__________________9.lieinbed,afterawhile,inthesun（在陽光下）

underthesun（天下，世界上；到底，究竟）使用交通工具用byintoon在中國內(nèi)部在中國外部兩地接壤表示穿衣服用in固定搭配()三.時(shí)間介詞1.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night…________________2.onSunday,onNewYear’sDay,onMarch21st,

onmybirthday…_________________3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998…_____________________4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_____________________

但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_________heday=inthe________表示點(diǎn)鐘或具體一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at表示在某一天用on表示大于一天的時(shí)間用in在早上/下午/傍晚用inintheday-timelater單獨(dú)使用可用將來時(shí)或過去時(shí)態(tài)Theotherswilljoinuslater。lateron后來，再過些時(shí)候7.具體時(shí)間用不同的介詞:在放假期間_____theholiday在圣誕節(jié)期間____Christmas三天之后threedays______（一般過去時(shí)）

____threedays（一般過去時(shí)）

____threedays（一般將來時(shí)）duringlateratafterin注意(1)介詞短語：

atbreakfastfromnowonfromthenononone’swaytoatfirstatlastintheendinfrontofintimeontimeinthemiddleofatleastatmostinsteadofatonceonfootatthesametimebytheway四.固定搭配的含介詞的中考詞組:在吃早飯(2)Doyourememberthem?…

在…歲時(shí)___theageof

有時(shí)___times/sometimes

開始,在…起初___thebeginningof

此刻___the/thismoment=now

在…結(jié)尾,在…盡頭___theendof例如____example=such____

匆忙地___ahurry

到…的時(shí)候____thetime=when

從…到…_____…___…

在戶外,在野外___theopenair

atatatatatforinbyfromtoinas

相鄰，靠近next___遍及all_____將來___thefuture

由于,幸虧thanks___

過了一會(huì)兒_______awhile在地球上___theearth

到底、究竟___earth

下課/放學(xué)/下班后______class/school/work

展出___show值日___duty

獨(dú)立,單獨(dú)all___oneself

令(某人)驚訝___one’ssurprisetointoafteronafterononbytooveron(3)固定搭配:arrive___/___aplacefind___（發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到）geton/along_____beafraid__sth.hand___(上交）hand___(分發(fā)）beangry____sb.beangry____sth.bestrict____sb.bestrict__sth.beready___befull__=befilled_____begood___=dowell____bebusy_____sth.belate___beinterested__eat___give___(放棄）grow___

inatwithupinforatforupupoutofwithwithofinatoutwithinwithinRememberandtranslate:

hearfrom(sb)ringup

holdon1.繼續(xù);堅(jiān)持;保持2.(打電話時(shí))等一等

hurryupstopsb.from

doingsth.knockat/ontakeofflaughattakepartinlistentothinkaboutlookafter/at/for/up/outtryontryouttakecareofturnon/offmakefriendswithwaitforpayforwakeupputon/up/offwritedownworryaboutmakeprogresswithbefamiliarwithsb./sth.（人）熟悉某人/某物befamiliartosb.…（物）為某人所熟悉bestrictwithsb.對某人嚴(yán)格要求bestrictinsth.嚴(yán)格對待某事intheair在空中ontheair播出shoutto呼喊，向…喊shoutat對…吼，責(zé)罵intheend＝atlast＝finally最后bytheendof到…末止attheendof在…結(jié)束時(shí)，在…末端，beknowntosb.為某人所知

beknownas作為…而出名，被叫作…beknownfor因…而出名bebusywithsth.忙于某事bebusydoingsth.忙著做某事aheadoftime提前，超前

sometime某時(shí)

sometime某段時(shí)間，某一時(shí)期

sometimes=attimes有時(shí)

sometimes許多次，許多倍

atatime=eachtime每次

atonetime=once曾經(jīng)常用易混淆介詞辨析after/in皆可表示時(shí)間在……之后，其區(qū)別為：

after①.表示“在某點(diǎn)時(shí)間之后”，用于將來時(shí)。如：

We’llgooutforawalkaftersupper.

②.表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于過去時(shí)。如：

Mymothercamehomeafterhalfanhour.

in表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，用于將來時(shí)。如：

We’llgotoschoolintwoweeks.between/among1)between

多指兩者之間。如：What'sthedifferencebetweenthetwowords?2)among

指三者或三者以上的同類事物之間，在或籠統(tǒng)的一群人或一些物之中，表示“在……中間，在……之中”。如：Theyoungpeoplelivedandworkedamongtheworkers.

注意：我們可以說betweenyouandme，但不能說betweenyouandI，因?yàn)閎etween是介詞。3)between還可以用來指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物的每兩個(gè)之間。三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的名詞用and連接，前面用between，而不用among。如：Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthethreeofthem.Switzerlandlies_______France,Ger-many,AustriaandItaly.betweenbesides/exceptWehaveseenthecrocodilebesidesLiFang（除……之外，還有）全部計(jì)算在內(nèi)WeareallChineseexceptTominourclass.（除……之外，不計(jì)算在內(nèi)）—Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothecinema___Kangkang,why?—Becausehehadabadcold.A．ExceptB．besidesC．BesideD．without【解析】except“除……之外”，排除……在外的意思；besides“除……之外”，包含……在內(nèi)；beside“在…旁邊”；without“沒有”。根據(jù)題意可知用except，故選A。over表示與某物不接觸的“正上方”，under與其相對，表示“正下方”。Theskyisoverourheads.天空在我們頭頂上。Thecatisunderthetable.那只貓?jiān)谧雷拥紫?。above表示“在……的上方”，“高于”；below與其相對，表示“在…的下面”，“低于”。Thetemperaturewillstayabovezerointhedaytime，butatnightitwillfallbelowzeroagain.白天氣溫將保持在零度以上，但在晚上又將降到零度以下。on指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.他們把一些花放在講桌上。over,above,oncross作動(dòng)詞用，“穿過，越過”的意思。主要表示在物體表面上橫穿。如橫過馬路、過橋、過河等，與goacross同義。例如：Becarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.過馬路時(shí)要小心。Cross(Goacross)thebridge,andyouwillseeabigbuiding.過這座橋你就會(huì)看到一棟大樓。cross作名詞用是“十字架，十字形飾物”的意思。across是介詞，有“橫跨，橫穿，穿越”之意。across與go/walk等動(dòng)詞連用表示“穿過，越過，橫穿”的意思。與cross基本同義，也是表示從物體表面經(jīng)過。例如：Goacrosstheroad,youwillfindthepostofficeonyourleft.橫過這條公路，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局就在你的左邊。cross，across,throughthrough是介詞，“在...之中，透過”的意思，常與go,walk等動(dòng)詞連用，表示“穿越，橫穿”等意思。主要表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過。如穿過森林、隧洞等。

例如：Thetwofriendswerewalkingthroughtheforest.這兩個(gè)朋友正沿著森林走。

Thesunlightcomesthroughtheglass.陽光透過玻璃。

1.Wemust________theroadverycarefully.2.Beforegoing_________theroad,youshouldlookleftfirstandthenright.3.Itrytogetintotheroom________thewindowbecauseIcan’topenthedoor.4.Theydrove_______thestreetquickly,butthepolicecaughtthematlast.5.It’sdangeroustoswim________theriver.6.Go_________thebridgeandyouwillseethestation.crossacrossacrossacrossacrossthroughinfrontof

表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；inthefrontof

表示“在……的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.在樓前有一些高樹。Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.老師坐在教室前面

infrontof,inthefrontofabove\over\on\below\underaboveoverbelowunderonBecareful,thereisaheavybox______yourhead.Thesunis_____themountainintheeast.Therearesomestamps_______thedesk.Thepositionhepointedtowas_______thesealevel.Thelittlemouseis_____thetable,soitisnoteasytofindit.overaboveonabove\belowunder表示“延續(xù)的一段時(shí)間”時(shí)，可用“for＋時(shí)間段”或“since＋過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)”，常與含延續(xù)動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)連用。

—Howlonghaveyoubeeninthiscity?

你在這座城市待了多久了？

—Fortenyears.十年。

MrSmithhaslivedheresince1998.

史密斯先生自從1998年就住在這。since,for表示"在……上"時(shí)，不是都用"on"，有時(shí)須用in。在樹上inthetree

用于指樹上的鳥、人等。onthetree用于指生長在樹上的葉子、果實(shí)。在墻上inthewall鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)，指窗戶、門、釘子等。onthewall在墻的表面之上，指地圖、畫像等。在報(bào)紙上inthenewspaper用于指報(bào)上的內(nèi)容。onthenewspaper用于指放在報(bào)紙上的東西，如眼鏡等。in,onbemadeof

＋從成品上看得出的材料bemadefrom＋從成品上看不出的原料bemadein＋產(chǎn)地bemadeby＋制造者bemadeupof由…組成，由…構(gòu)成bemadeinto被制成…ItissaidthatthiskindofclothismadeofsilkanditismadeinChina.據(jù)說這種布料是由絲綢制成的并且由中國制造。Thiswineismadefromgrapes.這酒是葡萄釀的。ThismachineismadebyUncleWang.這機(jī)器是王伯伯制造的。Thearticleismadeupoffourparts.這篇文章有四部分組成。Flour（面粉）canbemadeintobread.bemadeof、bemadefrom、bemadein、bemadeby、bemadeupof、bemadeintobeusedfordoingsth.=beusedtodosth.意為“被用來做……”。介詞for表示用途，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。

beusedby

意為“被…使用”，介詞by后面接動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(賓語)。

beusedas

意為“被用作……”，介詞as表示“作為”，

beusedtodoingsth.意為“習(xí)慣于做……”，to是介詞。

Thestampisusedforsendingletters.郵票是用來郵信的。

Englishiswidelyusedbytravellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.英語被全世界的旅行者和商人廣泛使用。

Englishisusedasthesecondlanguageinmanycountries.

英語在許多國家被當(dāng)作第二語言。

Iamusedtogettingupearlyeverymorning.我習(xí)慣早晨早起。beusedfordoingsth、beusedtodosth、beusedby、beusedas、beusedtodoingsth.單詞拼寫:1.Thereare____(超過)sixtystudentsinourclass.2.Fishcan’tlive__________(沒有)water.3.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime_________(自從…)wemetlasttime.4.Doyouworryabout__________(他們)?5.Who’s______(值日)dutytoday?6.Haveyoupaid______(付款)thebook?7.Pleaseturn_______(關(guān)掉)thelights.8.It’sbadforyourhealthtogotoschool___________(不吃)breakfast.overwithoutsincethemonforoffwithout1.Weusuallyhavelunch______noon.2.LinTaowasborn______February18th.3.Annsits_____myright,______Kate'sleft.Shesits___________us.4.Myfatherisleaving______Suzhoutomorrow.5.Wemustlearn_______eachother.atonononbetweenforfrom用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空6.Theywent_________thegateandenteredthegarden.7.Wecandoallthings_______ourhands.______theendofthelastcap，hecaughtup_____theothers.9.Bekind_____people.Don'tshout_____people.10.Lastmonthheworked_____ateacher_____threeweeks.throughwithAtwithtoatasfor1.Hisfatherisveryangry_________him

hisstudy.A.at，withB.with，atC.to，aboutD.about，to2.Paperismade_________wood.A.fromB.ofC.byD.in3.Thebasketisfull_________apples.A.withB.ofC.inD.by4.Katecan'tcome.Let'saskweiHuainstead______her.A.ofB.forC.toD.with5.Theheavyrainstoppedme___gettingtoschoolontime.A.toB.fromC.onD.forBABAB6.LiLida'sparentsareveryproud_________theirson.A.toB.inC.forD.of7.Thefoxlookedup_________acocksitting

thetree.A.to，inB.at,inC.for，onD.at，on8.Pleasewait_________thebusstopnearmyhome.A.forB.atC.nextD.infront9.Whereisyourbikemade_________?A.inB.fromC.ofD./10.Whentheredlightison，it'sdangeroustogo_____thestreet.A.acrossB.throughC.crossD.toDBBDA11.Heisrich_____unhappy.A.orB.andC.soD.but12.Takearest______youfinishthework.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.while13.Youcan'tpasstheexam,______youstudyhard.A.ifB.ofC.unlessD.and14.______ourteamtriedbest,____wefailed.A.Though,butB.Because,soC.If,andD.Though,/15.Don'tgetoff_______thebusstops.A.whenB.afterC.untilD.soDBDCC16.Thereisagoodplay______TVthisevening.A.onB.byC.in17.Howfarisit____Guangzhou____Beijing?

A.from…toB.from…forC.away…to

18.Japanlies_____theeastofChina.A.toB.inC.on19.Mr.BrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___towweeks.A.forB.afterC.in

20.A:Whattimedidyougettherethismorning?B:____eight.A.InB.AtC.On21.Weallagree_____you.Let’sstartatonce.

A.toB.forC.withAAACBC22.Myauntarrivedhere____awarmspringmorning.

A.inB.atC.on23.A:Whendidyourunclearrive______China?B:HegottoGuangzhou_____themorningofthe16thofApril.A.in,onB.in,inC.at,on24.Hawaiiisfamous_____itsbeautifulbeaches.A.inB.forC.with25.Wemuststopchildrenfrom______withfire.A.playB.playedC.playingCABC26.Look,Tinaiswaiting________thebusstop.

A．forB．a(chǎn)tC．inD．To

27.Whatwouldyouliketodo_____suchabadboy?

A．with

B．onC．a(chǎn)t

D．in

28.Theyoungmanwalked_____theforestandcametoabigriveratlast.

A．on

B．over

C．through

D．a(chǎn)cross

29.Thefood__mycountryisquitedifferent__thathere.

A．in;likeB．to;from

C．from;to

D．in;from

30.Taiwanisabeautifulislandandit's____theeastofFujian.

A．inB．onC．to

BACDC31.—Itissaidthatanewzoowillbebuiltinourtown.

—I'm____it.Zoosareterribleforanimals.

A．throughB．besidesC．a(chǎn)gainstD．except

32.—Whenwillthepartybeheld?

—_____twoweeks'time,____15thJuly.

A.In;on

B.In;in

C.On;on

D.At;on

33.LinLinoftenpracticesEnglish____chattingwithherAmericanfriend.

A.in

B.by

C.for

D.with

34.Youlooktired._____workingindoorsyoushouldbeoutforawalk.

A.AheadofB.Insteadof

C.InfrontofD.Inspiteof

35.Lastnighthehadabedtosleep______，butIhadonlyachairtosit_____.

A.in;onB./;/C.on;inD.in;to

ACBAB36.WhenIgotintotheroom，Suewasbusytalking___thephone.A.withB.onC.toD.in

37.—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?

—Yes,andpleasegetmesomemilk.Iprefercoffee__milk.

A.withB.to

C.ofD.on

38.Sallyisveryhappy.Thereisabigsmile____herface.

A.on

B.to

C.inD.at

39.Manyteenagershavehobbies.Butsometimesthesehobbiescanget_____ofschoolwork.

A.ontheway

B.bytheway

C.intheway

D.outoftheway

40.—Whyareyoustandingthere,Maggie?

—Ican'tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting___me.

A.behindB.infrontofC.besideD.nextto

ABCAB1.For與for連用的形容詞：be…for

bewell-knownfor以…出名

necessary

為…所必須

proper

合乎于

profitable

對…有益

besuitablefor

對…合適

grateful

因…感激

eager

渴望得到

responsible

對…負(fù)責(zé)

sorry對…感到遺憾

thankful

對…感謝

qualified

在…有資格2.With與with連用的形容詞:be…with

annoyed~對某人煩惱

satisfied~對…滿意

disappointedwith失望

concerned~關(guān)心，參與

consistent與…一致

content對…滿足

familiar

(to)對…熟悉

patient對…有耐心

popular

受…喜愛3.Of與of連用的形容詞be…of

composed由…組成

critical對…挑剔

aware知覺

characteristi