高三英語集體備課課件-3月9-14日-情態(tài)動詞復習課件

情態(tài)動詞語法專題之Modalverbs

常用的情態(tài)動詞can（could）may（might）shall（should）will（would）must（must）dare（dared）need（needed）havetooughttobeabletousedtoHecan/could/must/may/might/shall/should/need/dare/dared/will/would/oughtto/usedto+

work

inthatfactory.Hehastogohomenow.Hehadtolookafterhissickmother.Thefeature（特點）ofthemodalverbs:1.情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義,但詞義不完全.2.不能單獨作謂語,只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語3.情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化(除“haveto”).4.沒有不定式、V-ing、V-ed形式.在情態(tài)動詞的使用中,我們要注意以下考點:1.情態(tài)動詞的基本用法。2.情態(tài)動詞+have+P.P的用法。3.情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣中的用法。4.情態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句的用法。5.情態(tài)動詞特殊短語的用法。6.情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法歸納2．情態(tài)動詞的基本用法及區(qū)別(1)can，could規(guī)則1：表示體力或腦力(知識、技能)所產生的能力。canam/is/areabletowillbeabletocouldwas/wereabletocouldhave+過去分詞表示現(xiàn)在的能力表示將來的能力表示過去的能力表示過去有能力，但是未做Iamstarvetodeath,I

eattwobowlsofricenow.我快餓死了，現(xiàn)在我能吃兩碗飯。Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,youwill

workoutthisproblem.如果你好好睡一覺，你將能夠解出這道題。Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone

getout.盡管這場大火迅速蔓延到了整個旅館，但是每個人都逃出去了。I

outtheproblem,butIwastoonervous.我本來可以解出這道題，但我太緊張了。Someofus

usethecomputernow，butwe

lastyear.現(xiàn)在我們中的一些人能使用電腦了，但去年我們還不能。can表示現(xiàn)在的能力beableto表示將來的能力wasableto表示過去的能力couldhaveworked表示過去有能力但未做cancouldn't現(xiàn)在的能力過去的能力Exx.1.Ishouldhavebeenthere,butI

notcatchthebus.A.would B.couldC.might D.should2.---IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork---Oh,didyou?You

withBabara.A.couldhavestayed B.couldstayC.wouldstay D.musthavestayedBA規(guī)則2：表示客觀的可能性。1)Accidents

happenonsuchrainydays.2)we

gotothecinematonight,butwearenotsure.canmaycan表示具體事情的可能性時，用于在否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中，表示懷疑、驚異或不相信的態(tài)度。This

bedonebyhim.He

beonhiswayhomenow.

thisbedonebyhim?Mr.Bushisontimeeverything.How

itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony?can't/couldn'tcouldCancan表示不相信表不確定表示疑惑、驚訝表示疑惑、驚訝規(guī)則3：表示請求建議，用could比can語氣更委婉，回答用原形?！?/p>

Icomein?——我能進來嗎？—Yes,you

.——是的，你可以進來?！?/p>

Iuseyourbiketomorrowmorning?——明天上午我可以用你的自行車嗎？—Yes,you

.(否定回答可用：No,I'mafraidnot.)——是的，你可以。(不，恐怕不行。)規(guī)則4：表示允許、許可，用could比can更委婉、客氣。Ifyoukeepstill,you

sitoneithersideoftheboat.如果你保持不亂動，你可以坐在船的任一邊。canCancanCouldcan【注意】(1)表示“經過努力后終于能……”，用beableto。Thefirewasverybigbuteveryone

escapefromthebuilding.火很大，但每個人都成功逃出了那棟大樓。(2)慣用形式“cannot(can’t)…too/over/enough”表示“無論怎么……也不(過分)”，用來加強語氣。(3)cannotbutdosth.不得不；只好。I

thankyou

.我對你真是感激不盡。You

bestrong

.強壯身體有百利而無一害。I

.我只好去。=can'thelpbutdosth.=can'tchoosebuttodosth.=havenochoicebuttodosth.wasabletoCannotenoughcanneverenoughcouldnotbutchoosetogo(2)may，might(1)表示允許、請求。MightI…？比MayI…？語氣更為委婉和有禮貌。對于MightI…？的回答用…may；對MayI…？的否定回答常用…mustn’t/can’t。(2)表示說話人的猜測，表示“或許，大概”。用于肯定句或否定句中，用might比may語氣更加不肯定?！?/p>

Ismokehere?——我能在這抽煙嗎？—Yes,

No, .——可以，請便。/當然可以。/是的，你可以。/不，你不能抽煙。【2011北京卷,24】——Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?——Don’tworry.He

come.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.A.mustnotB.neednotC.wouldnotD.mightnotDMayplease./Certainly./Yes,youmay.youmustn't【注意】(1)用于目的狀語從句中，含“能，能夠……”之意。(2)慣用形式“may(might)aswell＋動詞原形”意為“不妨做……”。(4)表示祝愿(不用might)。采用部分倒裝語序：may＋主語＋動詞原形＋……！。TomstudyEnglishhardinorderthathe

goabroadsomeday.Tom努力地學習英語為了有一天他能出國。You

methetruth.你不妨和我說實話。We

whereweare.我們最好待在原地。May

!

祝你快樂！May

!祝你成功！(3)maywell+動詞原形理應…；有足夠的理由…We

sheisagoodteacher.

我們大可說她是一位優(yōu)秀的老師。(5)

may…but…

或許會…但是…She

beautiful,

sheiscool.她也許算的上美麗，但太冷漠了。maymayaswelltellmayaswellstaymaywellsayyoubehappyyousucceedmaybebut(3)must，haveto規(guī)則1：must表示“必須”（必要性）。強調主觀看法，只有現(xiàn)在時形式；其否定式是mustnot(mustn’t)，表示“禁止”“不準”。此時，對用must提問的一般疑問句的否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto?！?/p>

Ifinishtheworktoday?——我今天必須完成工作嗎？—Yes，you

./No，you

./You

.——是的，你必須完成。/不，你需要。/你不需要。You

buyagift,butyoucanifyouwantto.A.must B.mustn’t C.haveto D.don’thavetoDWhenIwasyoung,IwastoldthatI______playwithmatches.

A.wouldn't

B.needn't

C.mustn't

D.daren't

CMustmustneedn'tdon'thaveto規(guī)則2:

must表示有把握的推測，意為“一定，肯定”（可能性），通常與be動詞連用，只用于肯定句中。You

behungryafteralongwalk.走了這么遠的路你一定餓了?！?0北京〗---Goodmorning.I’vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.

--Ah,goodmorning.You

beMrs.Peters.A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.canB〖09重慶〗—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—She_____intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.A.shallbe

B.shouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.mighthavebeenCmust規(guī)則3:

haveto表示“必須，不得不”，強調客觀要求，（是由于某種外界（客觀）原因而“必須”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示經常的或習慣性的事“必須”做。）haveto的否定形式表示不必。能用于更多時態(tài)。Youwill

cleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.I

beatmyofficeeveryevening.1.Someaspectsofapilot’sjob_____beboring,andpilotsoften_____workatinconvenienthours.

A.can;haveto

B.may;can

C.haveto;may

D.oughtto;musthavetohaveto【注意】must還表示主語主觀的堅持，有“偏偏，偏要，一定要”之意。表示與說話人的愿望相反.Ifyou

go，atleastwaittillthestormisover．

youmakesomuchnoise？你偏要弄出那么多噪音？—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou____,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.

A.should

B.could

C.may

D.must〖06浙江〗—CouldIhaveawordwithyou,mum?—Ohdear,ifyou . .A.can

B.must C.may D.shouldmust如果你硬是要走，至少要等到風暴結束的時候。Must(4)shall，should，oughtto規(guī)則1：A.shall用于第一、第三人稱作主語的疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見；B.shall用于第二、第三人稱中，表示說話人的決心、意志、許諾、命令、警告、威脅等;

webeginourlesson?

I/shesithere?--Sir,____hegoorstay?--Lethimgo.A.willB.shallC.mightD.couldYouwantedjustice,soyoushallgetjustice,morethanyouwanted.Youshallhaveanicepresentforyourbirthday.

Youshallbesorryforwhatyouhavedone.(允諾)(允諾)(警告)ShallShallWhenhecomesinnobodyshallsayaword.

Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan.(命令)(決心)1.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates(候選人)____remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall2.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.—You___havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’tC.shall用于第二，第三人稱，用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，表示一種義務?！癟heinterest___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides.”declaredthejudge.A.may

B.should

C.must

D.shall規(guī)則2：should意為“應該”，表義務、責任，也可表示勸告、建議。oughtto

語氣更強些，強調“有責任，有義務做”

A:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyou

starttoday.C:No,you

startatonce.(語氣更強）should/oughtto的否定形式表示“不應該”Children

smoke.孩子不該抽煙?！狧ow’syourtouraroundtheNorthLake?Isitbeautiful?—It________be,butitisnowheavilypolluted.willB.wouldC.shouldD.mustWhattimeoughtI_______?A．arrivedB．arrivingC．arriveD．toarriveHe_______speaktohismotherlikethat.A．oughtnottoB．doesn’toughttoC．notoughttoD．oughttonotshouldoughttoshouldn’t/oughtn’tto規(guī)則3：should表推測,意為“可能；該”,相當于beexpectedto。往往指具有一定的客觀根據或根據推理對現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的“可能性”進行描述，語氣上不如must強。Mr.Black

behomebynow，forIsawhimjustnow.Mr.Black

behomebynow.2.—WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.—They______bereadyby12：00．

A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need3.It’snearlyseveno’clock．Jack_____behereatanymoment．

A．mustB．needC．shouldD．can1.—WillMr.Wangofferusahand?—He______begladto．Heneverrefusedourrequest．

A．canB．mustC．mayD．shouldmustoughtto/should規(guī)則4：should還可表示說話人對某事的不解、感到意外、驚異等，意為“竟會，居然”，常用在Ineverimagine,Ican’tbelieve,It’sapity(surprise),Why/How＋should等結構中。I

don’t

believe

that

the

little

girl

speak

two

different

languages!我不相信這個小女孩竟然能說兩種不同的語言！Ican’tbelievemyeyes.Suchwell-educated

gentleman____behavelikethis!would

B.should

C.can

D.mustshould

—It’shardtobelievethatJack________havefoughtwiththepoliceman.—Yes.Ifone________askfortrouble,itcan’tbehelped.would;will B.must;may C.should;must D.need;dare規(guī)則6：oughtto表示責任和義務意為“應該”，語氣比should強；還可表推測。A:I’llstarttheworktomorrow.B:Ithinkyoushouldstarttoday.C:No,yououghttostartatonce.(語氣更強）(1)與疑問詞連用，表示意外、納悶，“究竟是，到底”Who

comeinbutmyoldfriendJim!(我當是誰來了呢，原來是我的老朋友吉姆!)【注意】(2)用于條件狀語從句中，“一旦，萬一”

youchangeyourmind,letmeknow.〖09天津〗Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.mightshouldShould(3)用于atleast/forfearthat/incase引導的狀語從句中，“唯恐、以免”ShegavemealistincasethatI

forgetwhattobuy.(5)will，would規(guī)則1：shall用于各種人稱，表示意志或決心。will指現(xiàn)在，would則指過去。I

neverdothatagain.I

giveupsmoking.—Don’tforgettobringmynewbookstomorrowafternoon.—No,I＿＿＿＿＿＿.A.don’t

B.can’tC.won’t

D.couldn’tshouldwillwill規(guī)則2：用于第二人稱的疑問句中表示有禮貌的詢問或請求，would比will更委婉。其回答用…will。

youpassmethebook?

hepayforme?

youliketocomewithus?規(guī)則3：表示習慣性、經常性、傾向性，意為“總是，慣于”。will指現(xiàn)在，would是指過去。Boys

beboys.男孩終歸是男孩。Matches

strikeiftheyaredamp.火柴潮濕就擦不著。Fishwilldiewithoutwater.魚沒有水會死。Thedoor_______open.這門經常打不開won’tWill/WouldWillWouldwillwillnot【注意】would與usedto的區(qū)別：①usedto強調今昔對比，過去的某種習慣，現(xiàn)在已經沒有了；would表示過去一段時間里有某種習慣，現(xiàn)在可能還有。試比較：Wewouldsitintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory.(過去會這樣，現(xiàn)在可能還這樣)Weusedtositintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory.(過去會這樣，但現(xiàn)在不這樣了)Ronald______stayinhissmallgardenforalongtimeeverydayinthepast.A.couldB.mightC.shouldD.would②表示過去的狀態(tài)，只能用usedto，不能用would。(7)need，dare規(guī)則1：作為情態(tài)動詞用，常用在否定句和疑問句中。Whenhewasyong,hisfatherwouldbeateacherinthevillage.Therewouldbeanoldtempleonthetopofthelittlehill.Fwould---usedtoFwould---usedto可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need、dareDare(need)+S+VS+daren’t(needn’t)+VIdaren’twalkthroughtheforestatnight.Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?Youneedn’treturnthebooknow.Needhedoitallatonce?規(guī)則2：作實義動詞用，常用在肯定句中,

有人稱、時態(tài)、和數(shù)的變化Heneedstogotherehimself.Hehasgrownup,wedon’tneedtoworryabouthim.daredodareddodaren’t/darenotdodarednotdoDarehedo?Daredhedo?dare/darestododaredtododo/doesnotdare(to)dodidnotdare(to)doDoyou/Doeshedare(to)do?Didhedare(to)do規(guī)則3.Sth(sb)need(want,require)+doing/tobedoneThehouseneeds

.這間房子需打掃。Theboyneeds

tothehospitalatonce.這孩子需立馬送到醫(yī)院Idareyoutotellyourparents!我諒你也不敢告訴你父母！英語口語中dare的幾個常用結構：○Idaresay...我想，大概，可能，或許……Idaresaythingswillimprove.我想情況會好轉的?！餒owdareyou...?

你怎么敢……？Howdareyouaskmesuchaquestion?你怎么敢問我這樣的問題？○Idareyou...

我諒你也不敢……cleaning/tobecleanedSending/tobesent1.Iwonderhowhe____thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay2.Iwonderhowshe

thedrunkensailortheotherday.

A.darefightingoff

B.daredfightoff

C.daretofightoff

D.daredfightingoff3.Thedog

hibernate(冬眠)inwinter.

A.don'tneed

B.doesn'tneedto

C.needsnotto

D.needsnot注意對need一般疑問句的回答:--NeedIfinishtheworktoday?--Yes,________________.No,________________.No,________________.youmustyouneedn’tyoudon’thavetoneedn’t對其它情態(tài)動詞的回答:--ShallItellJohnaboutit?--No,you__________.

--Mustwedoitnow?

--No,you__________.

needn’t/(don’thaveto)needn’t/(don’thaveto)情態(tài)動詞+have+P.P.〖10安徽〗Jackdescribedhisfather,who_______abraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong–willedman.A.wouldbe

B.wouldhavebeenC.mustbe D.musthavebeenmusthavedone“想必/準是/一定做了某事”，其否定式為can’t/couldn’thavedone疑問句用can/couldhavedonemusthaverained

couldn’thavegonetoBeijingCanhavegone【2012江蘇卷】35.—Happybirthday!—Thankyou!It’sthebestpresentI

for.A.shouldhavewished

B.musthavewishedC.mayhavewished

D.couldhavewishedcouldhavedone用在肯定句中，表示“本來能夠做某事Youcouldhavecome5minutesearlier.你本來能早到5分鐘的。may/mighthavedone“也許/或許已經做某事”。一般只用于肯定句和否定句中(在否定句中表示“可能不”),不用于疑問句。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定

mayhavegonetobed

maynothavefinishedtheworkmighthavehadacold〖10山東〗I_______havewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.A.shouldn’tB.needn’tC.couldn’tD.mustn’t【2011全國卷,32】They

havearrivedatlunchtimebuttheirflightwasdelayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.shouldshould/oughttohavedone“本該做某事，而實際上未做”〖10天津〗Mark

havehurried.Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.A.needn’tB.wouldn’tC.mustn’tD.couldn’t1.Theriverisrising.It________lastnight.mustberaining

B.mustrainC.mighthaverainedD.musthaverained2.Ididn’thearthephone.I___asleepA.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen3.----Wedidn'tseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.----He

it.

A.mustn'thaveattended

B.cannothaveattended

C.needn'thaveattended

D.wouldhavenotattended4.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourneyA.can’tbe

B.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen5.You

yesterdayifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourwork.

A.oughttocome

B.oughttobecoming

C.oughttohavecomeD.oughthavecome6.You______alltheseparcelsyourself.Theshopwouldhavedeliveredthemifyouhadaskedashopassistant.A.didn’tneedtocarry

B.needn’thavecarriedC.needn’tcarry

D.didn’tneedcarry7.Mr.White___at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving8.—I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.—You___herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldPractice1.Helen_______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn'tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can2.----I'vetakensomeoneelse'sgreensweaterbymistake.----It______Harry's.Healwayswearsgreen.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn'tbeD.couldbe3.Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers_____notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need4.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry______beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.A.must

B.mayC.can

D.need5."Theinterest______bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,"declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall6.I______payTomavisit,butI'mnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.A.should

B.mightC.would

D.could7.----Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.----You________.I'mnotaskingyouforit.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't8.----Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.----You________havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.A.shan'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.shouldn't9.----Excuseme.IsthattherightwaytotheSummerPalace?----Sorry,I'mnotsure,butit______be.A.mightB.willC.mustD.can10.Ioftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_____reportittothepolice?A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can11.You________betired-you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot12.----Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?----Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall13.There________beanydifficultyinpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn't

B.shan'tC.shouldn't

D.needn't14.-Lucydoesn'tmindlendingyouherdictionary.--She__________.I'vealreadyborrowedone.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't15.He___havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn'tD.can't16.I_____havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't17.Thiscakeisverysweet.You____alotofsugarinit.A.shouldputB.couldhaveputC.mightputD.musthaveput18.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe____haveenteredfree.A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need19.Iwasonthehighwaywhenhiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They____atleast150kilometersanhour.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeenC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone20.-Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday?--Something__________tohim.A.musthappenB.shouldhavehappenedC.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened21.-DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldn'tfindhimanywhere.--Well.He_______havegonefar-hiscoatisstillhere.A.shouldn'tB.mustn'tC.can'tD.wouldn't22.---Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.---Thanks.You_____it.Icouldmanageitmyself.A.needn'tdoB.needn'thavedoneC.mustn'tdoD.shouldn'thavedone2