第五章水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器及調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試運(yùn)行維護(hù)

水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器與調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)HydraulicTurbine

Governor

andRegulatingSystem

5

武漢大學(xué)蔡維由

WuhanUniversity

CaiWeiyou25水輪機(jī)微機(jī)調(diào)速器及調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試

SiteAdjustmentofTurbineputer-basedGovernorandRegulatingSystem5.1微機(jī)調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試概述OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.2微機(jī)調(diào)速器的整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.3微機(jī)調(diào)速器調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性試驗(yàn)DynamicProfileTestofputer-basedGoverningSystem5.4微機(jī)調(diào)速器運(yùn)行維護(hù)（第五章第二部分）OperationandMaintenanceofputer-basedGovernor35.1微機(jī)調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試概述

OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor微機(jī)調(diào)速器在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝或者機(jī)組大修后均要進(jìn)行必要的調(diào)整試驗(yàn)，以便了解調(diào)速器各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)（單元）工作是否正常，調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)整定是否合理，以便保證機(jī)組安全、可靠運(yùn)行，并使調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)具有良好的動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)。puter-basedgovernormustgothroughnecessaryadjustmenttestaftersiteinstallationoroverhaulofgeneratorsettoseewhethereachelement(unit)ofgovernorfunctionsproperlyandwhethersettingofadjustmentparametersisreasonablesoastoensuregeneratorsetoperatessafelyandreliablyandadjustmentsystemboastsgooddynamicandstaticqualityindicators.不同型式的微機(jī)調(diào)器，其現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試方法和具體內(nèi)容也許有所差異，但從主要方面和基本內(nèi)容來看大致相同，下面先就一般微機(jī)調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試主要內(nèi)容作一概括介紹，再結(jié)合水電站調(diào)速器的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試作具體說明。Methodsanddetailsofsiteadjustmentvarywithdifferentputer-basedgovernors,butarebasicallythesameinviewofmajoraspectsandbasicitems.Thefollowingtakesmajoritemsinvolvedinsiteadjustmentofordinaryputer-basedgovernorforoverallintroductionandintegratessiteadjustmentofgovernorusedatHydropowerStationforspecificdescription.4

5.1.1

整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection

5.1.2靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic

5.1.3動(dòng)態(tài)特性調(diào)試AdjustmentofDynamicCharacteristic5.1微機(jī)調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試概述

OverviewofSiteAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.1

微機(jī)調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試概述55.1.1整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查是調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝（或檢修）中必須進(jìn)行的調(diào)試項(xiàng)目，一般應(yīng)根據(jù)具體微機(jī)調(diào)調(diào)試大綱進(jìn)行，但就普遍性而言，主要包括如下方面：Integratedstaticadjustmentandinspectionarecompulsoryadjustmentitemsforsiteinstallation(oroverhaul)ofgovernor,whichnormallyshallobservespecificadjustmentoutlineforputer-basedgovernorandmainlyinvolvesfollowingaspectsingeneral:（1）工作電源檢查（1）InspectionofWorkingPowerSupply檢查工作電源（含微機(jī)調(diào)開關(guān)電源）在輸入交流電源或直流電源電壓變化-15%～10%額定電壓時(shí)，輸出穩(wěn)定度是否能保證微機(jī)調(diào)速器正常工作。Inspectwhetheroutputstabilityofworkingpowersupply(includingswitchingpowersupplyofputer-basedgovernor)wheninputwithACpowersupplyorDCpowersupplywith-15%-10%variationofratedvoltagemayguaranteeproperoperationofputer-basedgovernor.（2）機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)的調(diào)試（2）AdjustmentofMechanical-hydraulicSystem不同伺服系統(tǒng)的微機(jī)調(diào)速器，其機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)可能有很大差別，但具體上機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)調(diào)試主要是保證在機(jī)械手動(dòng)控制時(shí)，能控制機(jī)組啟動(dòng)、停機(jī)，能在接力器全行程范圍內(nèi)控制導(dǎo)葉全關(guān)、全開，并能保證接力器在各個(gè)開度下能穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。以及在自動(dòng)狀態(tài)下，運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，調(diào)節(jié)正確。65.1.1整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection具體可參考各水輪機(jī)微機(jī)調(diào)速器的調(diào)試大綱（或行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“水輪機(jī)電液調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)及裝置調(diào)整試驗(yàn)導(dǎo)則”）。Mechanical-hydraulicsystemofputer-basedgovernorwithdifferentservosystemmaysubstantiallyvarybutadjustmentofmechanical-hydraulicsystemgenerallyaimstomakesureitcancontrolstart-upandshut-downofgeneratorsettogetherwithopeningandclosingofguidevanethroughoutthestrokeofservomotorandensureservomotoroperatesstablywithallopeningsinmechanicallymanualcontrolstate,aswellasfeaturestableoperationandcorrectadjustmentinautomaticstate.Refertoadjustmentoutlineforeachturbineputer-basedgovernor(orindustrialstandard“guidelineforadjustmentofturbineelectrical-hydraulicadjustmentsystemanddevice”)fordetails.（3）人機(jī)界面檢查InspectionofputerInterface著重檢查人機(jī)界面有關(guān)功能是否正常，機(jī)組運(yùn)行狀態(tài)是否指示正確（如開機(jī)、停機(jī)、發(fā)電、調(diào)相等），Inspectionisfocusedonwhetherfunctionsofputerinterfaceareproper,whetherindicationofgeneratorsetoperationstatusiscorrect(suchasstart-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),75.1.1整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)整及檢查

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentandInspection調(diào)速器調(diào)節(jié)模式指示是否正確，以及各種故障信號(hào)能否正確發(fā)出相應(yīng)故障報(bào)警信號(hào)等。start-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),whetherindicationofgovernoradjustmentmodeiscorrect,whethervarioustroublesignalscangivecorrespondingtroublealarmsignalsandsoforth.（4）調(diào)速器工作狀態(tài)模擬AnalogofGovernorOperationStatus調(diào)速器工作狀態(tài)模擬主要是檢查各種控制信號(hào)是否正確接至調(diào)速器，以及調(diào)速器是否能正確動(dòng)作。這些模擬包括開機(jī)、停機(jī)、并網(wǎng)、增減負(fù)荷、工作模式切換、緊急停機(jī)及故障模擬等，以檢查微機(jī)調(diào)速器應(yīng)用軟件工作是否正確，以及機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)各機(jī)械液壓元件動(dòng)作是否正常。Analogofgovernoroperationstatusmainlyinspectswhethervariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernorandwhethergovernorcanoperateproperly,involvingstart-up,shut-down,on-grid,loadincrease&decrease,switchingofoperationmode,emergencyshut-down,troubleanalogandetc.inordertoinspectwhetherapplicationsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorfunctionscorrectlyandwhetherallmechanical-hydraulicelementsofmechanical-hydraulicsystemoperateproperly.85.1.2靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic

靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試主要包括如下內(nèi)容：AdjustmentofstaticCharacteristicmainlyinvolvesfollowingitems:（1）測(cè)頻環(huán)節(jié)靜特性檢查InspectionofStaticCharacteristicofFrequencyMeasuringElement

用頻率信號(hào)發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生的頻率信號(hào)輸入調(diào)速器的測(cè)頻輸入端，變更頻率信號(hào)發(fā)生器輸出的頻率，檢查微機(jī)調(diào)速器人機(jī)界面上的頻率顯示，檢查是否一致，以便確定測(cè)頻環(huán)節(jié)是否工作正常。Inputfrequencysignalgeneratedbyfrequencysignalgeneratortofrequencymeasuringinputterminalofgovernorandchangefrequencyoutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratortoinspectwhetherfrequencyindicationonputerinterfaceofputer-basedgovernorisconsistentsoastodeterminewhetherfrequencymeasuringelementfunctionsproperly.95.1.2靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic（2）伺服系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性試驗(yàn)StaticCharacteristicTestofServoSystem對(duì)不同的伺服系統(tǒng)用不同的輸入信號(hào)，檢測(cè)其在不同輸入信號(hào)下，接力器輸出穩(wěn)態(tài)值，記錄輸入、輸出信號(hào)并繪制伺服系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性曲線，并可算出伺服系統(tǒng)的死區(qū)大?。▽?duì)不同伺服系統(tǒng)的微機(jī)調(diào)可按其調(diào)試大綱檢查其伺服系統(tǒng)）。Applydifferentinputsignalstodifferentservosystemstomeasuresteady-statevalueoutputbyservomotorwithdifferentinputsignals,recordinputandoutputsignalsanddrawstaticcharacteristiccurveofservosystem,accordingtowhichsizeofdeadzoneofservosystemiscalculated(forputer-basedgovernorwithdifferentservosystem,itsservosystemmaybeinspectedaccordingtoitsadjustmentoutline.)105.1.2靜態(tài)特性調(diào)試

AdjustmentofStaticCharacteristic（3）調(diào)速器整機(jī)靜態(tài)特性測(cè)試IntegratedStaticCharacteristicTestofGovernor調(diào)速器整機(jī)靜態(tài)特性試驗(yàn)是調(diào)速器現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)試中最重要的靜態(tài)特性試驗(yàn)。它主要用于實(shí)測(cè)調(diào)速器實(shí)際的轉(zhuǎn)速死區(qū)，接力器不準(zhǔn)確度，并校核實(shí)際的bp值。Integratedstaticprofiletestofgovernoristhemostimportantstaticcharacteristictestinsiteadjustmentofgovernor,mainlyusedtopracticallymeasureactualrotaryspeeddeadzoneofgovernorandinaccuracyofservomotoraswellasverifyactualbpvalue.通常以蝸殼無水情況下，用頻率信號(hào)發(fā)生器輸出的頻率信號(hào)代替機(jī)組頻率，實(shí)測(cè)一定bp值下，調(diào)速器接力器的行程，以得到機(jī)組頻率與接力器行程的關(guān)系特性曲線。借以評(píng)價(jià)調(diào)速器的靜態(tài)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)。有的微機(jī)調(diào)速器自帶有靜態(tài)特性試驗(yàn)軟件，則可以用該軟件來測(cè)試調(diào)速器整機(jī)靜態(tài)特性。Generally,frequencysignaloutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratorwithspiralcasefreefromwaterisusedtosubstitutegeneratorsetfrequencyforpracticalmeasurementofstrokeofgovernorservomotorwithcertainbpvaluetoobtainrelationshipcharacteristiccurvebetweengeneratorsetfrequencyandservomotorstrokesoastoevaluatestaticqualityindicatorsofgovernor.Forsomeputer-basedgovernorbuiltinwithstaticcharacteristictestsoftware,thesoftwareisusedtotestintegratedstaticcharacteristicofgovernor.115.1.3動(dòng)態(tài)特性調(diào)試

AdjustmentofDynamicCharacteristic動(dòng)態(tài)特性調(diào)試包括調(diào)速器部分環(huán)節(jié)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性試驗(yàn)和整個(gè)水輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性試驗(yàn)。AdjustmentofdynamicCharacteristicconsistsofdynamicCharacteristictestofpartgovernorelementsanddynamicprofiletestoftheentireturbineadjustmentsystem.主要包括PID調(diào)節(jié)器動(dòng)態(tài)特性測(cè)試，隨動(dòng)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)特性測(cè)試（對(duì)伺服系統(tǒng)屬于這種類型的微機(jī)調(diào)速器），單機(jī)空載穩(wěn)定性試驗(yàn)，突變負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)，甩負(fù)荷試驗(yàn)，有調(diào)頻任務(wù)的機(jī)組，還要做調(diào)頻試驗(yàn)。通過這些動(dòng)態(tài)特性試驗(yàn)，以便評(píng)價(jià)水輪機(jī)調(diào)速器及水輪機(jī)調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)品質(zhì)。MainlyinvolvingdynamicprofiletestofPIDregulator,dynamicCharacteristictestofservosystem(forputer-basedgovernorwithsuchservosystem),stabilitytestonsinglegeneratorwithoutload,testonsuddenloadvariation,testonloadrejectionandtestonfrequencymodulationforgeneratorsetwithfrequencymodulationtask.SuchdynamicCharacteristictestsarecarriedouttoevaluatedynamicqualityofturbinegovernorandturbineadjustmentsystemdynamicperformance。125.2.1微機(jī)調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組裝調(diào)試SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)

5.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試IntegratedStaticAdjustment5.2.3微機(jī)調(diào)速器的整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)整IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor5.2微機(jī)調(diào)速器的整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernor135.2.1微機(jī)調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組裝調(diào)試

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServo

System(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)(1)

組裝及檢查

AssemblyandInspection1）新裝機(jī)組或機(jī)組大修時(shí)，必須對(duì)調(diào)速器機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)有關(guān)零部件先用汽油或煤油清洗干凈。特別是液壓集成塊、主配壓閥的閥蓋及其它有內(nèi)部油管道的零部件，都要用壓縮空氣吹凈管內(nèi)雜質(zhì)，并用煤油反復(fù)沖洗，再用汽輪機(jī)油清洗干凈。1)Partsrelevanttomechanical-hydraulicsystemofgovernormustbecleanedwithgasolineorkerosenebeforeassemblyofnewgeneratorsetoroverhaulofgeneratorset,especiallyhydraulicintegrationblock,valvecoverofmainpressuredistributionvalveandotherpartswithoilpipelinesatinsidethatshallbeblownwithcompressedairtoremoveimpuritiesinsidethepipe,washedrepeatedlywithkeroseneandcleanedwithsteamturbineoil.145.2.1微機(jī)調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組裝調(diào)試

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServo

System(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)2）檢查所有零部件裝配是否符合相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙的技術(shù)要求，各處“O”型密封墊是否漏裝或碰傷。尤其要注意主配壓閥的上、下高壓耐油石棉橡膠墊等是否裝正，同時(shí)要用錐銷或定位螺釘精確定位。Inspectwhetherallpartsareassembledincompliancewithtechnicalrequirementsofrelevantdesigndrawings,whether“O”sealinggasketismissedordamaged,especiallypayattentiontoinspectwhetherupperandlowerhigh-pressureoil-resistantasbestosrubbergasketsofmainpressuredistributionvalvearewellassembled,andusetaperpinorlocatingscrewtolocateprecisely.3）主配壓閥活塞、引導(dǎo)閥針塞任意旋轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)角度，均能靠自重在各自的閥體或襯套內(nèi)自行緩緩下滑，清洗裝配中應(yīng)注意不得碰傷閥盤的棱角，更不得隨意修磨。Bothpistonofmainpressuredistributionvalveandneedleplugofguidevalveshallbeabletoslowlyglideintheirrespectivevalvebodiesorsleevesbyselfweightwhenrotatedbyanyangle.Payattentionnottodamagecornerangleofvalvediskduringcleaningandassemblyanddonotgrindatwill.155.2.1微機(jī)調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組裝調(diào)試

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem

(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)4）對(duì)于比例閥、數(shù)字球閥伺服系統(tǒng)的微機(jī)調(diào)速器，這些閥組裝配后均必須動(dòng)作靈活，位置正確；Fortheproportionalvalve,digitalvalveservosystemputergovernor,afterthevalveassemblymustbeflexiblemovementinthecorrectposition;5)對(duì)電機(jī)伺服系統(tǒng)和步進(jìn)電機(jī)伺服系統(tǒng)的微機(jī)調(diào)速器，電機(jī)操作機(jī)構(gòu)等部件裝配后均必須動(dòng)作靈活，不得有卡阻現(xiàn)象，所有滑動(dòng)配合面均應(yīng)上一層黃油。Partssuchasmotoroperationmechanismofputer-basedgovernorwithmotorservosystemandsteppingmotorservosystemmustoperateflexiblywithoutblockingafterassemblyandallslidingfittingsurfacesmustbeappliedwithalayerofgrease.6）在調(diào)速器設(shè)計(jì)的額定工作油壓下，所有密封面均不允許有漏油或滲油。Oilleakageoroilimpregnationisnotallowedforallsealingfaceswhengovernorisatdesignratedworkingoilpressure.165.2.1微機(jī)調(diào)速器伺服系統(tǒng)（機(jī)械液壓系統(tǒng)）的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)組裝調(diào)試

SiteAssemblyandAdjustmentofputer-basedGovernorServoSystem

(Mechanical-hydraulicSystem)(2)零位調(diào)整AdjusttheBalance

Position

對(duì)于有引導(dǎo)閥的伺服系統(tǒng)，將開關(guān)機(jī)調(diào)整螺栓先調(diào)至主配壓閥最大行程位置，再開啟油壓裝置的總供油閥，使調(diào)速器各液壓部件充油，然后調(diào)整引導(dǎo)閥于中間位置（也就是主配壓閥在中間位置），使接力器能在任何位置穩(wěn)住為止（可操作開限機(jī)構(gòu)手輪或手動(dòng)控制手輪，使接力器開或關(guān)）。Forservosystemwithguidevalve,firstadjuststart-up&shut-downadjustingbolttomaximumstrokepositionofmainpressuredistributionvalve,openmasteroilsupplyvalveofoilpressuredevicetochargeoiltoallhydraulicpartsofgovernorandthenadjustguidevalvetothemiddle(i.e.mainpressuredistributionvalveislocatedinthemiddle)sothatservomotorisstableatanypositions(youmayoperateopeninglimiterhandwheelormanualcontrolhandwheeltoopenorcloseservomotor).對(duì)于手動(dòng)情況無反饋的系統(tǒng)，一般接力器在5分鐘內(nèi)的漂移小于1mm就可以了，因?yàn)檫@種情況是開環(huán)控制，不可能做到完全不動(dòng)。Forsystemwithoutmanualfeedback,generallyitisjudgedcompliantifdeviationofservomotorin5minutesislessthan1mmasinthiscase,itisunderopen-loopcontrolsothatcompleteimmobilityisimpossible.175.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment（1）電氣接線及電源檢查

InspectionofElectricalWiringandPowerSupply1）所有電纜是否按電氣配線圖正確連接，信號(hào)線是否采用屏蔽電纜，各端子插頭連接是否牢固。Whetherallcablesarecorrectlyconnectedasperelectricalwiringdiagram,whethersignalwireemploysshieldcableandwhethereachterminalplugissecurelyconnected.

2）檢查電氣柜是否安全接地，通?？捎勉~導(dǎo)體（30～35mm寬）將電氣柜體可靠接地，這對(duì)防護(hù)人身安全和減小電流噪音都是非常重要的。Inspectwhetherelectricalcabinetissafelygrounded,generallygroundedreliablyby(30-35mmwide)copperconductor,whichiscriticallyimportanttoprotectionofpersonalsafetyandreductionofcurrentnoise.

3）檢查輸入電源（AC220V和DC220V）的電壓及極性是否正確；檢查交流、直流分別供電和同時(shí)供電時(shí)，開關(guān)電源輸出電平是否正確。Inspectwhethervoltageandpolarityofinputpowersupply(AC220VandDC220V)arecorrect;inspectwhetheroutputlevelofswitchingpowersupplyiscorrectwhensuppliedseparatelywithalternatingcurrentordirectcurrentandsuppliedwithbothcurrentatthesametime.

185.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment4）檢查工作電源輸入變化-15%～10%額定電壓時(shí)，開關(guān)電源輸出是否正常。Inspectwhetheroutputofswitchingpowersupplyisproperwheninputofworkingpowersupplyhasavariationof-15%-10%ratedvoltage.（2）反饋調(diào)整FeedbackAdjustment1）接力器反饋零點(diǎn)調(diào)整。將調(diào)速器切手動(dòng)控制，使接力器全關(guān)，調(diào)整接力器反饋電平在50mV～100mV（或者為4mA）即可，并使接力器開度指示調(diào)為零。1)Forservomotorfeedbackzeroadjustmentofservomotorswitchgovernortomanualcontrol,fullycloseservomotor,adjustfeedbacklevelofservomotorto50mV-100mV(or4mA)andsetindicationofservomotoropeningtozero.2）手動(dòng)將接力器開到全開，調(diào)整反饋傳感器（有的微機(jī)調(diào)速器要調(diào)整綜合放大器中的反饋電路），使反饋電平在9.8V～10V（或者為20mA）之間，并將導(dǎo)葉開度指示設(shè)定為100%。2)Fullyopenservomotorbyhand,adjustfeedbacksensor(forsomeputer-basedgovernors,adjustalsofeedbackcircuitinintegrationamplifier)tomakefeedbacklevelbe9.8V-10V(or20mA)andsetindicationofguidevaneopeningto100%.195.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment3）將接力器全關(guān)至全開操作幾次，檢查零點(diǎn)和全開值是否改變。若改變超過范圍，應(yīng)重新調(diào)整，直到滿足要求為止。Fullyopenandcloseservomotorforseveraltimestoinspectwhetherthereischangeinzeropointandfull-openingvalueandifchangeexceedstherange,readjusttotheextentofcompliance.如果是雙重調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)速器，槳葉(折向器)反饋調(diào)整方法同導(dǎo)葉(噴針)。Fordual-adjustmentgovernor,adjustmentmethodofbladeisthesameasthatofguidevane.對(duì)于電機(jī)伺服系統(tǒng)和步進(jìn)電機(jī)伺服系統(tǒng)的微機(jī)調(diào)速器，伺服電機(jī)或步進(jìn)電機(jī)的反饋應(yīng)視其構(gòu)成的電液轉(zhuǎn)換元件的具體型式，按生產(chǎn)廠家產(chǎn)品調(diào)試大綱進(jìn)行調(diào)整。同時(shí)，調(diào)整好伺服電機(jī)或步進(jìn)電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)電源（對(duì)于有定位模塊的伺服系統(tǒng)，還應(yīng)整定好定位模塊）。Forputer-basedgovernorwithmotorservosystemandsteppingmotorservosystem,feedbackofservomotororsteppingmotorshallbeadjustedaccordingtomanufacturer’sadjustmentoutlinesubjecttospecificmodelofelectrical-hydraulictransductionelement.Inaddition,welladjustdrivepowersupplyofservomotororsteppingmotor(forservosystemwithlocatingmodule).205.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment（3）接力器最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間或兩段關(guān)閉時(shí)間調(diào)整AdjustShortestClosingTimeorTwo-segmentClosingTimeofServomotor

當(dāng)電站過水系統(tǒng)的水流慣性時(shí)間常數(shù)不是很大時(shí)，通常接力器采用一段直線關(guān)閉規(guī)律。這種情況下，接力器最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間取決于電站調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算，即按調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算所得的接力器最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間來整定主配壓閥活塞的關(guān)側(cè)行程（或主配壓閥開側(cè)排油管節(jié)流孔大?。钥刂浦鹘恿ζ髯羁礻P(guān)閉速度。

Whenflowinertiatimeconstantofwaterpassagesystemofpowerstationisnotlarge(i.e.),servomotorgenerallyemploystheruleofone-segmentlinearclosing.Inthiscase,shortestclosingtimeofservomotorisdependentonadjustmentguarantycalculationofpowerstation,namelypistonstrokeatclosingsideofmaindistributionvalveorthrottleholeofoildischargepipeatopeningsideofmaindistributionvalveissetaccordingtotheshortestclosingtimeobtainedfromadjustmentguarantycalculationtocontrolfastestclosingspeedofmainservomotor.215.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment具體方法是：先手動(dòng)操作使接力器開到全開。然后使緊急停機(jī)電磁閥勵(lì)磁動(dòng)作，使接力器緊急關(guān)閉，此時(shí)可用秒表記錄（或用計(jì)算機(jī)直接記錄接力器行程）開度指示表從80％關(guān)至30％的時(shí)間，該時(shí)間的兩倍就是接力器最短直線關(guān)閉時(shí)間。Detailedas:firstmanualoperatetofullyopenservomotor,thenemergentlystopexcitationoperationofelectromagneticvalvetoemergentlycloseservomotor,whenthetimeofopeningindicationgaugetoclosefrom80%to30%isrecordedwithstopwatchandtwicethetimeistheshortestlinearclosingtimeofservomotor.如果測(cè)得的與調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算值相一致，則調(diào)整結(jié)束。如果不等，則應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)值與計(jì)算值進(jìn)行比較，并重新整定好主配關(guān)側(cè)行程（或開側(cè)排油管節(jié)流孔）再試，直到滿足要求為止。Adjustmentendswhenmeasuredvalueisconsistentwithcalculationvalueofadjustmentguarantee.Ifinconsistent,compareactuallymeasuredvaluewithcalculationvalueandresetstrokeatclosingsideofmaindistributionvalue(orthrottleholeofoildischargepipeatopeningside)foranotherattempttotheextentofrequirementfulfilled.

225.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment對(duì)于有兩段關(guān)閉裝置的調(diào)速器，應(yīng)按廠家調(diào)試大綱調(diào)整好兩段關(guān)閉時(shí)間。Forgovernorwithtwo-segmentclosingdevice,welladjustclosingtimeoftwosegmentsaccordingtomanufacturer’sadjustmentoutline.對(duì)于佩爾頓水輪機(jī)，接力器最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間要按調(diào)節(jié)保證計(jì)算要求，分別調(diào)整折向器接力器和噴針接力器的最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間。調(diào)整折向器接力器的最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間是保證甩全負(fù)荷時(shí)機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速上升值不超過調(diào)保計(jì)算的轉(zhuǎn)速上升限定值；調(diào)整噴針接力器的最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間是保證甩全負(fù)荷時(shí)機(jī)組壓力鋼管和配水環(huán)管的壓力上升值不超過調(diào)保計(jì)算的壓力上升限定值。ForPeltonturbine,theshortest

closetimeofservomotor

iscalculatedaccordingto

theadjustment

guaranteed

requirements,whichwereadjustedtheshortest

closetimeofdeflectorservomotorandneedleservomotor.AdjustingtheshortestclosetimeofdeflectorservomotorisguaranteedthatunitincreasespeeddoesnotexceedthespeedlimitriseWhenunloadingatfullload;AdjustingtheshortestclosetimeofneedleservomotorisguaranteedthatpressureofunitpenstockanddistributionmainsdoesnotexceedthepressurelimitriseWhenunloadingatfullload;235.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment具體調(diào)整是通過調(diào)整各相應(yīng)的邏輯閥（或節(jié)流閥）的開口來整定最短關(guān)閉時(shí)間的。Specificadjustmentisachievedbyadjustingtherespectivelogicopeningofvalvetosettingtheshortestclosingtime.（4）人機(jī)界面檢查InspectionofputerInterface1）檢查人機(jī)界面各畫面及相應(yīng)功能是否正常，畫面刷新及切換是否正確（如將頻率信號(hào)發(fā)生器輸出的頻率信號(hào)代表機(jī)組頻率送入調(diào)速器，檢查人機(jī)界面中的頻率指示是否一致；將接力器手動(dòng)操作至某一開度，檢查顯示的接力器開度值是否正確等）。Inspectwhetherallscreensandrelevantfunctionsofputerinterfaceareproper,whetherscreenrefreshandswitchingarecorrect(forexampleinputfrequencysignaloutputbyfrequencysignalgeneratorrepresentinggeneratorsetfrequencyintogovernortoinspectwhetherfrequencyindicatedinputerinterfaceisconsistent;operateservomotormanuallytoanopeningtoinspectwhetherdisplayedservomotoropeningvalueiscorrect).245.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

2）檢查機(jī)組運(yùn)行狀態(tài)是否能正確指示（如模擬開機(jī)、停機(jī)、發(fā)電、調(diào)相等），調(diào)速器調(diào)節(jié)模式設(shè)置及切換是否指示正確，以及各故障能否正確地發(fā)出相應(yīng)的故障報(bào)警信號(hào)等。2)Inspectwhetheroperationstatusofgeneratorsetiscorrectlyindicated(suchasanalogofstart-up,shut-down,powergeneration,phasemodulationandetc.),whethersettingandswitchingofgovernoradjustmentmodearecorrectlyindicated,whethereverytroublecangivecorrectcorrespondingtroublealarmsignalandsoforth.255.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment(5)工作狀態(tài)及故障模擬AnalogofOperationStatusandTrouble

工作狀態(tài)模擬對(duì)微機(jī)調(diào)速器是非常必要的一種測(cè)試，它主要是用來檢查各種控制信號(hào)是否正確接至調(diào)速器，以及調(diào)速器的相關(guān)控制軟件（對(duì)微機(jī)調(diào)）是否工作正常，有關(guān)部件能否正確動(dòng)作。故障模擬是檢驗(yàn)微機(jī)調(diào)速器在有關(guān)故障情況下，容錯(cuò)功能是否能正常發(fā)揮作用，具體模擬主要包括如下內(nèi)容：Operationstatusanalogisantestextremelynecessaryforputer-basedgovernor,mainlyusedtoinspectwhethervariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernor,whethercontrolsoftwarerelevanttogovernor(forputer-basedgovernor)functionsproperlyandwhetherrelevantpartsoperatecorrectly.Troubleanalogaimstoinspectwhetherfault-tolerantfunctioncanfunctionproperlyincaseputer-basedgovernorfails.Specifically,analogmainlyinvolvesfollowingitems:265.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment1）開機(jī)模擬Start-upanalog

由中控室（或現(xiàn)地）模擬發(fā)開機(jī)令，調(diào)速器電氣開限（如果有機(jī)械開限則也包含機(jī)械開限）應(yīng)開啟至機(jī)組啟動(dòng)開度，接力器也開到啟動(dòng)開度。模擬機(jī)組升速，使機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速升至90%，則電氣開限應(yīng)關(guān)回空載整定開度，接力器也關(guān)至空載整定開度。如果調(diào)速器動(dòng)作正確，說明微機(jī)調(diào)速器開機(jī)控制軟件基本工作正確。Whencentralcontrolroomsimulatestogiveopeningcommand,electricalopeninglimiter(includingalsomechanicalopeninglimiterifany)ofgovernorshallopentostart-upopeningofgeneratorsetandsodoes.Foranalogofgeneratorsetspeedincrease,whenspeedofgeneratorsetisincreasedto90%,electricalopeninglimitershallclosetono-loadsetopeningandsodoesservomotor.Correctfunctioningofgovernorindicatesstart-upcontrolsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorbasicallyfunctionsproperly.275.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

2）并網(wǎng)模擬On-gridanalog進(jìn)一步模擬升高機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)速，使之達(dá)到額定轉(zhuǎn)速，模擬機(jī)組發(fā)電機(jī)出口開關(guān)閉合，此時(shí)，電氣開限應(yīng)開至全開（或開至按水頭計(jì)算的開度），如果有機(jī)械開限，則機(jī)械開限全開。這說明并網(wǎng)后控制正確。Whenfurthersimulatetoincreaserotaryspeedofgeneratorsettoratedrotaryspeedandsimulateclosingofswitchatgeneratoroutlet,electricalopeninglimitershallfullyopen(oropentotheopeningcalculatedaccordingtohydraulichead)andsodoesmechanicalopeninglimiterifany,whichindicateson-gridcontroliscorrect.3）增減負(fù)荷模擬Analogofloadincreaseanddecrease模擬增功率操作（可在中控室操作或機(jī)旁調(diào)速柜上操作），噴針接力器開度應(yīng)增大；再模擬減功率操作，噴針接力器開度應(yīng)減小。若動(dòng)作正常，說明增減功率功能正常。Whensimulatepowerincreaseoperation(eitheroperateincentralcontrolroomorongoverningcabinetbesidethegenerator),openingofneedleservomotorshallincrease;whensimulatepowerdecreaseoperation,openingofneedleservomotorshalldecrease.Ifso,itindicatespowerincreaseanddecreasefunctionsareproper.285.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment

4）停機(jī)模擬Shut-downanalog由中控室（或現(xiàn)地）模擬機(jī)組停機(jī)，調(diào)速器自動(dòng)減功率給定，接力器開度減小至空載開度，再模擬跳發(fā)電機(jī)出口開關(guān)，開度限制應(yīng)自動(dòng)關(guān)至全關(guān)，接力器也應(yīng)關(guān)至全關(guān)。Whencentralcontrolroomsimulatesshut-downofgeneratorset,governorshallautomaticallyreducepowersettingandopeningofservomotorshallreducetono-loadopening.Whensimulatetripofswitchatgeneratoroutlet,openinglimitershallautomaticallyclosecompletelyandthesodoesservomotor.5）緊急停機(jī)模擬Analogofemergencyshut-down模擬機(jī)組開機(jī)、并網(wǎng)帶一定負(fù)荷，使接力器開到某一開度（大于空載開度），然后模擬機(jī)組事故，使事故繼電器動(dòng)作，則緊急停機(jī)電磁閥動(dòng)作，開限關(guān)至全關(guān)，接力器也關(guān)到全關(guān)。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithcertainloadtoopenservomotortoanopening(largerthanno-loadopening)andthensimulategeneratorsetaccidenttoactuateaccidentrelay,emergencyshut-downelectromagneticvalveshalloperate,openinglimitershallclosecompletelyandsodoesservomotor.295.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment如果這些模擬均動(dòng)作正常，則說明各種控制信號(hào)已正確接至調(diào)速器，微機(jī)調(diào)速器相關(guān)軟件工作正確。Ifalltheseanalogsoperateproperly,itindicatesvariouscontrolsignalsarecorrectlyconnectedtogovernorandrelevantsoftwareofputer-basedgovernorfunctionsproperly.6）機(jī)頻故障模擬Analogoffrequencytrouble模擬機(jī)組開機(jī)、并網(wǎng)帶一定負(fù)荷，解除機(jī)頻信號(hào)，模擬機(jī)頻故障，則調(diào)速器故障顯示畫面中顯示“機(jī)頻故障”，而不同微機(jī)調(diào)則可能采用不同的容錯(cuò)措施（有的取網(wǎng)頻作機(jī)頻，保持原功率自動(dòng)運(yùn)行；有的則切為手動(dòng)，保持原功率手動(dòng)運(yùn)行）。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithcertainload,releasefrequencysignalandsimulatefrequencytrouble,troubledisplayscreenofgovernorshallindicate“frequencytrouble”.Differentputer-basedgovernorsmayemploydifferentfault-tolerantmeasures(somemayoperateautomaticallybytakinggridfrequencyasitsfrequencyandmaintainingoriginalpower;somemayswitchtomanualmodeandoperatemanuallywithoriginalpower)305.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment對(duì)網(wǎng)頻故障（開機(jī)過程）則通常把頻率給定切至微機(jī)調(diào)速器的頻率給定。Forgridfrequencytrouble,frequencysettingisgenerallyswitchedtothatofputer-basedgovernor.7）接力器反饋故障模擬AnalogofServomotorfeedbacktrouble模擬機(jī)組開機(jī)、并網(wǎng)帶負(fù)荷。然后解除導(dǎo)葉反饋，模擬接力器反饋故障，則不同微機(jī)調(diào)速器可能采用不同的容錯(cuò)方式，有的調(diào)速器容錯(cuò)采用自動(dòng)切手動(dòng)運(yùn)行，而對(duì)具有自復(fù)中的無油電液轉(zhuǎn)換器的微機(jī)調(diào)速器，則此時(shí)電機(jī)失磁，無油電轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)中，調(diào)速器故障顯示畫面中顯示接力器反饋故障，接力器開度基本不變?；謴?fù)接力器反饋后，接力器應(yīng)基本在原開度值。Whensimulatestart-upandon-gridofgeneratorsetwithload,thenreleasefeedbackofServomotor,andsimulateServomotorfeedbacktrouble,differentputer-basedgovernorsmaytakedifferentfault-tolerantmeasures,wheresomegovernorsswitchautomaticallytomanualoperation,whileforputer-basedgovernorwithoil-freeelectrical-hydraulicconverterthatcanautomaticallyreturntothemiddle,motorlosesexcitation,oil-freeelectricrotorreturnstothemiddle,governortroubledisplayscreendisplaysServomotorfeedbacktroubleandservomotoropeningremainsunchanged.Servomotorshallkeepatoriginalopeningafterguidevanefeedbackisrestored.315.2.2整機(jī)靜態(tài)調(diào)試

IntegratedStaticAdjustment有的微機(jī)調(diào)速器可能有更多的故障容錯(cuò)功能，可按其產(chǎn)品調(diào)試大綱進(jìn)行故障模擬。故障模擬動(dòng)作正確，說明微機(jī)調(diào)速器對(duì)應(yīng)故障容錯(cuò)功能設(shè)計(jì)正確，相應(yīng)軟件工作正常。Someputer-basedgovernorsmayhavemoretroublefault-tolerantfunctions,ofwhichanalogissubjecttoitsproductadjustmentoutline.Correctoperationintroubleanalogindicatestroublefault-tolerantfunctionofputer-basedgovernoriscorre