美國(guó)幼小銜接講座課件

MovingOn:TheTransitionfromEarlyChildhoodtoElementary

幼小銜接BenefitsofattendingAMontessoriSchoolDevelopmentofinternalmotivation.內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)的發(fā)展Childrenlearntoworktogethercooperatively.學(xué)會(huì)合作Respectforoneself,forothers,andfortheenvironmentislearned.尊重自己，尊重他人，尊重環(huán)境Practicallifeactivitiesallowthechildrentodevelopindependence.日常生活讓孩子們學(xué)會(huì)自立BenefitsofattendingAMontessoriSchoolAstrongacademicfoundationisbuilt,allowingthechildrentoexperiencegreatersuccesslateron.為孩子為日后的發(fā)展打下強(qiáng)大的學(xué)術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。Childrenlearntobeflexibletoadapttoavarietyofsituations.學(xué)生們能隨機(jī)應(yīng)變Theabilitytoconcentratedeeplyforextendedperiodsoftimeisdeveloped.孩子能長(zhǎng)時(shí)間集中注意力BenefitsofattendingAMontessoriSchoolMontessorichildrendevelopproblemsolvingandcriticalthinkingskillsthathelpthematallschoollevels.蒙特梭利的孩子們擁有解決問(wèn)題的能力以及批判性思維Montessorichildrenlovetobechallenged.Asaresult,evenwhentheydonotattendaMontessorischoolanylonger,theyenjoytakingonchallengingwork.蒙氏孩子喜歡接受挑戰(zhàn)，即使在走出蒙特梭利學(xué)校以后也是一樣Montessorichildrenviewfailureaspartofthelearningprocessandarenotafraidofit.蒙氏孩子不怕失敗，失敗是成功之母Non-MontessoriElementaryschoolAtypicaldayisdividedintoblocksoftimeforeachsubject(forexample,1hourformathorforscience),withallstudentsintheclassparticipatinginthesamesubjectatthesametime.每天要上不同的課程，固定時(shí)間，（一小時(shí)的數(shù)學(xué)或者科學(xué)課）所有人的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度一樣Studentsremainwithateacherforonlyoneyear.每年學(xué)生會(huì)換老師Non-MontessoriElementaryschoolAlthoughthestudentsmayvaryslightlyinage,thereisusuallyonlyonegradelevelineachclassroom.按照年齡分班Notallactivitiesarehands-oninnature.孩子們往往不能親身實(shí)踐ChildrenusuallydonotexperiencethefreedomofmovementthatexistinaMontessorischool.不能自由活動(dòng)Theschedulecanbeinterruptedbyoutsideactivities.課程隨時(shí)可能變化TransitioningfromMontessoritoregularelementaryschoolBeingexpectedtoworkonthesameactivitiesatthesametimeaseveryoneelsecanbefrustratingtochildrenwhoareacademicallyadvanced,orthosewhostruggleacademically.大家步調(diào)一樣會(huì)讓孩子們比較沮喪，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢宰龅酶喔玫且荒切┻M(jìn)度落后的孩子拖后腿BecauseofthesolidfoundationprovidedbyaMontessoriearlychildhoodprogram,childrenwhoattendtraditionalelementaryschoolsafterareoftenabletobeverysuccessfulacademically.因?yàn)槊墒蠈W(xué)校打下的基礎(chǔ)，進(jìn)入傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校的孩子往往學(xué)得更好TransitioningfromMontessoritoregularelementaryschoolAlthoughchildrenmayexperiencefrustrationatfirst,researchindicatesthatchildrenwhoattendedMontessorischoolsearlyonexperienceagreaterlevelofsuccesswhentheytransitiontoamoretraditionalelementarysetting.最初學(xué)生會(huì)感受到失望。但是研究表明，那些去了最早去了蒙特梭利學(xué)校的孩子過(guò)度到傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校以后會(huì)更加成功Thecriticalthinkingskills,problemsolvingskills,independence,andmotivationthatthechildrendevelopedwhileinMontessorischoolshelpthemgreatlywhentheytransitiontoadifferentacademicsetting.批判性思維、處理問(wèn)題的方法、自立能力和積極性，這些孩子們?cè)诿墒蠈W(xué)校里學(xué)到的東西很大程度上幫助他們過(guò)度到一個(gè)不同的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境里TransitioningfromMontessoritoregularelementaryschoolChildrenwhopreviouslyattendedMontessorischoolsareoftenabletoadaptmoreeasilyandaremoreeasilyabletohandlechallengesthanotherchildren.在蒙氏學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的學(xué)生相比其他學(xué)生，通?？梢愿斓倪m應(yīng)以及更好的處理它們遇到的挑戰(zhàn)Montessoriprovidesastrongfoundationforchildrenthatensuresacademicsuccessnomatterwhattypeofschooltheyattendlater.蒙氏教育給予學(xué)生一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的基礎(chǔ)來(lái)幫助他們?cè)谌魏螌?lái)的學(xué)校中獲得學(xué)術(shù)性的成功MontessoriElementaryAmoreacademicfocus.學(xué)術(shù)上的專注Classroomisdividedintosectionsforlanguage,mathematics,cultureandhistory,science,music,andart.教室被分成了語(yǔ)言、數(shù)學(xué)、文化、歷史、科學(xué)、音樂(lè)、藝術(shù)部分Unlikeintraditionalschools,specialsubjects,suchasartandmusicareseamlesslyintegratedintothecurriculum.不同于傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校，藝術(shù)、英語(yǔ)這些特殊科目被融入到了課程當(dāng)中MontessoriElementaryAswithearlychildhood,childrenaretogetherwiththesameteacherforthreeyears.Thishelpspromotetrust,buildsasenseofcommunity,andallowstheteachertohaveextensiveknowledgeofeachstudent.在嬰幼兒時(shí)期，兒童跟隨同樣的老師學(xué)習(xí)了3年，這幫助他們建立了信任，社會(huì)觀念。并且讓老師深刻了解了每個(gè)學(xué)生Montessorimaterialsusedinearlychildhoodclassroomsarestillpresent,buttakeonamuchmoreacademicfunction,whichhelpspromotedeepunderstandingofconceptslearned.用于早教的蒙氏材料依然被采用，但是用于更學(xué)術(shù)的用途來(lái)幫助加深對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)到的概念的理解MontessoriforallagesIntheUnitedStates,Montessorischoolsarenotjustforchildrenfromthreetosixyearsofage.ThereareMontessorielementaryschools,andevenMontessorimiddleschools(12-15yearsold)andMontessoriHighSchools(15-18yearsold),whichutilizetheMontessoriphilosophy,method,andtheoryinworkingwitholderchildren.在美國(guó)，蒙特梭利學(xué)校不僅僅開(kāi)放給3-6歲的兒童。除了蒙氏小學(xué)，還有蒙氏中學(xué)（12-15歲）和蒙氏高中（15-18歲）。這些將蒙氏的哲學(xué)、方法、理論運(yùn)用到了大一點(diǎn)的兒童身上HowParentsCanHelp

家長(zhǎng)怎么幫助Allowforthechildtoexploretheirnaturalcuriosity.讓孩子追隨自己的好奇心進(jìn)行探索Havethechildparticipateinactivitiesthatpromoteindependence,suchascleaning,washingclothes,cooking,helpingwithshopping,etc.讓孩子進(jìn)行獨(dú)立的活動(dòng)：洗衣服，燒飯，幫助購(gòu)物，等等Avoidusingexternal“rewards”asmotivationforcompletingexpectedtasks.減少用外部獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)作為讓他們完成目標(biāo)的動(dòng)力HowParentsCanHelp

家長(zhǎng)怎么幫助Avoidcompetitiveness.Instead,stresscooperation.減少競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)合作意識(shí)Establishconditionsinthehomethatpromoterespectforthechildasacapableindividual,insteadofthinkingofthemashelpless.在家里建立尊重，讓孩子覺(jué)得他們是有能力的一個(gè)人，而不是讓他們覺(jué)得自己幫不上忙HowParentsCanHelpOrganizethehomeinsuchawaythatchildrencaneasilyaccesseverythingthattheyneed.Thismayincludelowclotheshooks,child-sizedfurniture,etc.在家布置蒙氏環(huán)境，例如讓孩子們自己掛衣服，適合孩子身高的家具Stopdoingeverythingforthechildren!Childrencancarrytheirownbackpacks,maketheirownbeds,cleartheirdishesaftermeals,