2023年12月英語四級真題第三套

202３年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題(第3套)ParｔIWritｉnｇ(3０ｍinutｅs)Diｒeｃｔions：Forthispart，youaｒeallowed３０minｕtestowriteaｎｅｓｓay.Ｓｕpposeyoｕhavetwooptionsupｏnｇｒａduatｉon:oneisｔowoｒkinastaｔe-oｗnｅdｂusinｅssandｔｈeｏtherinａｊｏintveｎｔuｒe.Youaｒetomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Wｒiteanｅssａytoexpｌａintheｒeaｓｏnｓfｏryoｕrｃhoice.Youｓｈoｕｌｄwriteatlｅａst120wｏrdsｂｕtnｏmｏrｅthan1８0wｏrds.PaｒｔＩIListｅningComｐreｈenｓｉon(2５minutes)說明：由于202３年12月四級考試全國共考了２套聽力，本套真題聽力與前2套內(nèi)容完全同樣,只是順序不同樣,因此在本套真題中不再反復(fù)出現(xiàn)。ＰartⅢＲeadｉｎgCompreｈｅｎsion(4０ｍinｕtｅs）SectioｎA(yù)Diｒeｃtｉｏnｓ:Ｉｎthissecｔｉon，ｔhereisａpassagｅwｉtｈteｎｂｌankｓ.Youａrｅｒｅｑuirｅdtoseｌectoｎewordforｅacｈblankfroｍａlistoｆchoicesgｉveniｎaｗordｂankfollｏwinｇthｅｐaｓsaｇe.Rｅadthepａｓsagethroｕghｃarefuｌlyｂeｆoｒemａkｉｎgyourchoices.Eachchoｉｃeinthｅｂankisｉdｅnｔiｆiｅｄbyaｌetteｒ.Ｐl(wèi)eaｓemarkthｅcorｒｅsｐondingletｔerfoｒeaｃｈiｔeｍoｎA(yù)nｓwerSｈeet2withasinglelinetｈrｏｕghthecｅｎtre.Youｍaynotusｅaｎyoftｈeworｄsinthｅbankmｏｒethanｏnce.Questions26ｔo３５ａrｅbasedontｈefｏｌｌoｗiｎgｐａssａge．Maｎｙmeｎanｄwomenhavｅlongbｏuｇｈtintotheidｅathａｔtheｒeare"mａle＂ａnd"ｆemａle"bｒａins,beliｅvｉngthatｅxplainｓｊｕstａboutｅvｅrｙdiｆferenｃebeｔwｅentｈesｅxｅs.Anewstudｙ2６thatｂelief,quｅstioniｎgwheｔheｒｂrainｓreallycanbedistinｇuishｅｄbygeｎｄer.Inthesｔudy,TelＡviｖＵｎｉｖersｉtyresｅarcherｓ27forsｅｘdiｆferencｅsｔｈｒoughouttheentirehｕｍanｂraｉn．Andｗhatdidtheyfiｎd？Noｔmuch.Ratherthａnｏfferevidenｃeｆoｒ28brainsas"male＂ｏr"female,"resｅarchshｏwｓthatｂrainsｆallｉntoawidｅｒaｎｇe，ｗithmｏｓｔpeoplｅｆallinｇrighｔinthｅmiｄdle.DaphnaJoel，wholｅdtｈesｔuｄy,saiｄherreｓeａrchfoｕndｔｈatwhiletheｒｅａｒeｓｏmeｇenｄｅr-based29，manyｄiｆfｅrenttｙpｅsoｆbraincａn'ｔａlｗaｙｓｂedｉｓtinguisheｄbygender．Whileｔhe"ａverage＂mａｌｅand"avｅｒage"ｆemalebraiｎswere30ｄifｆerent,ｙoｕｃouｌdn'ｔtｅlｌitｂｙlｏｏkiｎgatiｎdivｉdualｂrainsｃans.Onlyaｓmall３1ofpｅoplｅｈａd"ａll-mａｌe"ｏr＂ａll－feｍａlｅ"characteｒｉsｔiｃｓ.ＬaｒrｙＣaｈill,ａnAmｅricａｎneｕrｏsciｅｎtiｓt(神經(jīng)科學(xué)家),ｓaidthesｔuｄyisａnimpｏrtanｔａdditioｎtｏａgrｏwｉngbodyｏfｒesearchquestionｉｎｇ３２belieｆｓabｏutgｅｎdｅｒaｎｄｂｒａinｆuncｔｉｏn.Ｂuｔｈeｃautｉoｎeｄagainsｔｃonclｕdｉnｇfrｏmthｉsstｕdythaｔalｌbrainsarｅthesamｅ，33ｏｆgenｄer．＂Theｒe'samｏuｎtainofｅviｄｅncｅ34tｈeimportaｎceofseｘinflｕｅncesａt(yī)allleｖelsofbrainfｕｎction,＂heｔｏldTheSｅattleTimes．Ifaｎythiｎg,hｅsａｉd,thesｔudｙ3５thａt(yī)genderpｌaysaveｒyｉmｐｏrtaｎtroleiｎthebrain--＂evenwｈeｎｗeaｒenotclearexacｔlｙhow.＂Ａ.abnｏrmalB.appliｅｄＣ.briefｌyＤ.cateｇorｉzingＥ.chａllenｇeｓF.figureG.perｃentageH.ｐｒｏvinｇI.regａrdlessJ.sｅarcｈedＫ．sｉｍilaritiesL.slｉghtｌyM.ｓuggｅstsN．taｓtｅs０.ｔｒaditionａlＳeｃｔionBDiｒectiｏｎｓ：Inｔhiｓsecｔion，yｏｕaｒegoiｎｇｔoｒeaｄａpａｓsagewiｔｈｔenstatemeｎtsatｔachｅdtoit.Ｅaｃhstatemenｔｃontａｉnｓｉnformatｉｏnｇiveniｎoneoftｈｅpａragraphs．Iｄentiｆｙthｅpａｒａgrａphｆｒoｍwhiｃhｔｈeinｆｏｒmaｔionisderived．Youmaychoosｅapａraｇraphｍｏrethａnonｃe.Eaｃhparａgrａｐhismaｒkedwithalettｅr.AnsweｒｔheｑuestionsbymaｒkiｎgｔhecorrｅsｐoｎｄinglｅtｔｅronＡnswerSheet2.CanＢｕrglarｓＪamYourWirelessSｅcuｒiｔySystem？A.Anyproducｔthatpromｉseｓtoprｏｔectyourhｏmｅdｅｓｅrvescareｆulexamination.Ｓoiｔｉｓn’tｓurpriｓingtｈaｔyou’11finｄpleｎtyofstrｏｎgoｐinｉonsaｂouttｈｅpotentiａｌｖuｌnｅrａbiｌiｔieｓｏｆpoｐulａrhoｍe—sｅcｕｒitysｙsteｍs．B.Ｔhemｏstliｋelytyｐeｏfbｕrｇlaｒy(人室盜竊)byfａrｉsｔheunsｏphistｉcatedcrimeｏｆopｐortunｉty，uｓualｌyｉnvｏlｖingabroｋenwiｎdowｏｒsoｍefｏrceｄeｎtry.AccorｄiｎgtoｔｈeFB1．crimｅslｉketheｓeaccｏuｎｔｅdfoｒrougｈlytｗo.thｉｒdsofalｌｈｏuseｈoldburglarｉesinｔhｅUSin20２3.Thewidemａjｏrｉｔyｏfthｅreｓtwereillegaｌ．uｎｆorcedeｎtriesｔhaｔrｅsｕltedfrｏｍｓｏｍethｉｎgｌikｅawiｎdowｂｅinglefｔopen．Ｔhｅoddｓofacriminalusiｎgtechnicalmeanｓtoｂypａsｓaseｃuriｔysyｓteｍaｒesosｍalｌｔｈａt(yī)tｈｅFBIｄoｅsn’ｔｅveｎtｒaｃktｈoｓestａｔiｓtｉcｓ.C．Ｏｎeｏfthemaiｎtheoretiｃalhoｍe—ｓecuｒｉtyconｃeｒnｓiswhｅｔｈerｏrｎotagivensyｓｔemiｓｖulneraｂletobeiｎgbloｃｋedfｒｏmworkiｎgalｔｏgｅther.Wiｔhｗiredsetuｐs，ｔｈefeariｓｔhataburglar（人室盜賊)migｈtbｅableｔosｈｕtyoursystemdoｗｎsimpｌybyｃuttingthｅｒigｈtcaｂｌe.Wｉｔhａwiｒelesssetｕp．yｏｕｓticｋbattery—powｅrｅdsenｓoｒsｕpａroｕｎdyourhometｈaｔkeepaneyeｏnｗindoｗs。doｏｒs，motiｏn,ａｎdmoｒe．Ｉftheydeｔectsomｅｔhingwｒongｗhilethesystｅmisaｒmed．they’lltranｓmiｔａwirelessａleftsigｎaltoaｂasesｔaｔｉoｎthatｗillthenｒaiseｔhealarｍ.Thａt(yī)apｐrｏachwｉllｅlimiｎatemoｓtcord—cuttiｎgconｃeｒns--ｂutｗｈａt(yī)aｂouttheirｗｉrelｅssequivａlent,jammｉng?witｈtｈefighｔdevicｅｔunｅdtｏtｈefigｈｔfrｅqｕency,wｈat’ｓtosｔoｐathieｆfromjａmmingyｏuｒsetuｐandｂloｃｋinｇthatalｅrｔｓignalｆromevｅrreachingｔhebasestatｉｏn?D.Jammｉngcoｎｃｅrnsarenoｔｈiｎｇneｗ，anｄthey’renoｔuniqｕeｔosecurｉtｙsystems.Ａnydeｖｉｃetｈat’sbuilｔtoreceiveawｉrelesssｉgｎalataspeciｆiｃｆrequencｙｃaｎbeｏverwhｅlmｅdbyastronｇersiｇnａlcｏmｉｎginonthesamefreqｕencｙ．Fｏrcoｍｐａｒison.1eｔ’ssａyyouｗaｎtｅｄto“jａm”acｏnversaｔionｂetｗeenｔwoｐeople--ａlｌyou’dnｅedtodoisｙeｌlinｔｈｅlistenｅr’seａr.E)Secｕriｔydｅvicesarｅｒequirｅdｔｏliｓtｔhefrequenｃiｅstheybｒoadcastoｎ—mａｔmeansthａｔapｏｔｅnｔｉalｔｈieｆcanｆiｎdwｈaｔtheynｅedtoknowwitｈｍinimalＧooglinｇ.Ｔheywｉｌl．howｅver.needtoknowwhatsystｅｍthｅy’rｅlookiｎgｆoｒ．Ifyoｕｈaveasigｎｉｎyoｕryａrddecｌａrinｇｗhatsetupｙouuse,thaｔ’dｐointthemｉｎtｈerightdiｒｅctiｏｎ，thｏughatthａｔpoｉｎｔ,ｗｅ’retaｌkinｇａboutaｈｉgｈｌｙtargetｅd，ｓemi—sｏｐhisｔicaｔｅdattａｃk,ａndnｏｔtｈｅsortｏffoｒｃed—enｔryattacｋｔhａｔmaｋesｕpｔheｍajorityofｂurglaｒieｓ．It’seａsｉertofｉnｄａｎdaｃqｕirejａｍmｉngeqｕipmｅntforsoｍefrequenciｅｓthanitiｓforｏtherｓ.F)Ｗiｒeｌessseｃuritypｒovｉderswiｌloftｅntakestepsｔｏheｌpcombattｈethreatofjamminｇattａckｓ.SｉmpｌiＳaｆe，winnｅｒｏfourＥdｉtoｒs’Cｈｏiｃｅｄｉsｔinｃtion．uｔiｌiｚesaｓpecialｓyｓtemthat’ｓcapa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ｏntｉps,prｅsｕｍablybecausetheｙsｅeａbｅnefｉttoｓuccessｆulｌｙveilｉnｇｔheircｏntemｐtｆoryｏｕ．Ｗｅll．ifthiswｅretrue．weｗouｌdallｂeslippingafｅwl00-dｏllarｂｉlｌstooｕrdｏcｔｏｒson-ｔheｗayouttｈeiｒdｏｏrs,ｔoo.Ｂutａｓiｔｔuｒnsoｕt,ｗaitｅrsｓeeoｎlｙａｔｉnyｂuｍpｉｎtipswheｎtheydoanexcｅptionaljobｃoｍｐareｄtoaｐａssabｌeoｎe.Wａiteｒs，keeｎobsｅrvｅrsoｆhuｍanitｙtｈattheyarｅ.arecaｔｃhiｎｇontotｈｉs；inｏｎepｏlｌ，afulｌ30%ｓaｉｄtheydidn’tbelieｖetｈejobtｈeyｄｉｄhadaｎyimpactonthｅtipsｔheyrｅceiｖed．Socｏｍｅon,foｌks：gｅtonbｏardｗithｄitchiｎgtｈeｏｕtdatedtipsｙsｔeｍ.Ｐayalittlemoreｕpｆrontｆｏrｙourｂeeｒorbuｒger．SupｐortＢillPｅｒry’spub,andａnｙｏtherｂarorresｔaｕranttｈatdｏeｓn’tasｋyｏutｏdodruｎｋｅnmatｈ．46.、ⅣｈatcａｎweleａｒnaboｕｔBiｌlＰerｒyfromthepassａge?A.Herunsaｐｕbthatseｒveｓｅxｃｅlleｎtｂｅer．Ｂ.Heｉnｔｅndstogｅtridoｆｔｈｅtippｉnｇｐrａcｔice.C.Hegiveshiｓｓtaｆfaconsiｄｅｒaｂlesｕmfortｉｐs.D.Helivesｃomfoｒtabｌｙwｉthoutgettiｎganyｔips.47．Ｗhatiｓthemaiｎreaｓｏnwｈｙtheaｕｔhorhａt(yī)eｓtipping?Ａ.Iｔｓeｔｓaｂadeｘampｌeforotｈｅrｉｎｄusｔries．B.Iｔaddsｔothｅburｄenofｏrｄinａryｃustｏmｅrｓ.Ｃ.Ｉｔforcesｔheｃuｓtｏｍeｒtｏcoｍｐeｎsatetheｗａｉter．Ｄ.Ｉｔｐoseｓagｒeaｔｃhallｅngｅｆorcuｓtomerｓtodｏｍaｔh．48.Ｗhydｏｍanypｅoplelｏｖetipｐingacｃoｒdingｔotheauｔhor?A.Ｔｈｅｙhelpｉmprｏvetｈeqｕalitｙoｆtｈeｒestaｕrantｓtｈeydinein.Ｂ.Theｙbelｉevｅwaｉｔeｒsdeserｖeｓｕcｈｒewａrdsｆｏｒgｏodservice.C.Ｔheyｗantｔopｒeｓerｖeａｗonderｆｕltraｄitｉoｎofｔheｉndｕstｒy.D.Theyｃａｎhａveｓomesａｙiｎhowｍuchtheirserversearｎ．４9.Ｗhathaｖesomewaiterscoｍeｔoｒeaｌizeaccoｒdingtoaｓuｒveｙ?A.Serviceｑualｉtyhasｌｉtｔlｅeffｅctoｎtipsｉｚe．B.Iｔisinhuｍannaturｅtotrytｏsaｖeoｎtipｓ.C.Ｔiｐsｍaｋｅiｔmoｒedifｆicｕｌｔｔoplｅasｅｃusｔｏmers.D.Tipsbeｎefittｈebossｒaｔhｅrtｈａntheemｐｌoｙees．５0.Whａt(yī)doｅｓtheａutｈorａｒgueｆoｒintheｐａｓsaｇe?A.Resｔauｒａntssｈoｕldｃaｌcuｌaｔetheｔipsfoｒcｕstｏmers.Ｂ.Ｃustomerssｈouldｐayｍoretiｐsｔoｈｅlpimｐroveservｉcｅ．C.Wａiteｒsｄeserｖebeｔterthanｊｕstｒelｙｉnｇonｔｉpsfｏraliving.Ｄ.Waｉtersshouldbepaｉdbyemploｙeｒsinsｔeadoｆｃusｔomｅrｓ.PassaｇeTwoQｕestionｓ5lto５5aｒebasedonthefｏｌｌowingpaｓsage．Inｔhepａst，fａllingoilpｒicｅsｈavｅgiｖeｎabｏosttｏtｈewｏrldｅcｏnoｍy，butｒecentforecasｔｓfoｒglｏｂalgｒowthhavebeentonｅddoｗn.ｅvenａsｏｉlpricessinklowｅrandｌoｗer．Doｅstｈatｍeａntheliｎｋbetweeｎloweroilprｉｃeｓandgｒowthhａｓweａkened?Someexpeｒｔssayｔｈereareｓｔillｇoodｒeaｓｏnｓｔｏbeliｅvｅｃｈeａpoilshouldｈｅaｔｕpｔｈeｗoｒldｅｃonomy．Ｃonｓumershavｅmoremoneyｉntheｉrpocketsｗhｅnthey’repayingleｓｓatｔｈｅpuｍp.Ｔheyspｅndｔhatｍｏneｙｏffoｔheｒｔhings,ｗhichstimulatestheeｃonｏmy.ＴhebｉggestgａinsgｏtocｏｕｎtrｉesthatiｍportmostofｔｈeｉrｏillikeChina．Jａpaｎ.andＩｎdia.Butdoesｎ＇ttｈeextramoneｙｉntheｐoｃketsofｔhosecoｕntries'coｎsumersmeaｎaｎeｑｕalｌｏssｉｎoil-prodｕcingｃｏｕntries,canｃellｉｎｇｏuttｈegaiｎs?Notneceｓsarilｙ,sayeｃonｏｍicreseａrchｅｒSaraJｏhnsoｎ."Manyoilｐrｏｄucerｓbuiltuphugereｓerｖefundswhｅnprｉceswerehiｇh,sｏｗhｅnpｒicesfaｌlｔheyｗilldｒａｗｏntheｉrreservｅstｏsｕpportｇovernｍentspendingaｎdsｕbｓｉdies（補(bǔ)貼)ｆｏrｔｈeｉrconｓumers.Bｕｔnoｔallｏilpｒoducｅrshaｖebigreserves.InVenｅｚuela,ｃollapｓingoilｐrｉｃeshavesｅntitsecoｎｏmｙiｎtｏfｒｅe-fall.ＥcｏｎoｍistCarlWeinbergbeｌieｖestｈenｅgaｔiveeffeｃｔｓofpｌungiｎgoilpricｅsareoverwhelmiｎｇthｅpositiveｅffecｔsoｆcheａperｏil．Theimｐlicatｉonｉsasharｐdeｃｌineiｎgloｂaｌｔｒade,ｗhiｃhhaｓplｕnｇedpartlｙbecausｅoｉl-ｐrｏdｕｃingnationscan＇taffoｒdtoｉmportaｓmucｈａstheyusｅdｔo.SaraJohnsonackｎｏwledgesthａt(yī)theｇloｂalｅｃonomiｃbenｅfitｆｒｏmafａlliｎｏilpriｃｅstodaｙiｓliｋｅlｙlｏwerthaｎiｔwasｉnthｅｐaｓｔ.Oｎｅｒｅasonisｔhatmorｅｃｏｕntriｅｓarebiｇoiｌpｒodｕcｅrsnow,ｓotheｎatｉonssuｆfeｒingfrｏmthepricedroｐaｃｃountforａｌａrｇeｒｓhａｒeofthｅｇlobａleconoｍy．Conｓumｅrｓ,inthｅU．Ｓ.ａｔleaｓt,arｅａｃtｉngcautiｏusｌywiｔhtheｓavingstｈｅy＇regeｔtiｎｇatthegaspump，ａstheｍemorｙoftheｒecentgｒeaｔrｅｃessioｎｉssｔiｌlｆrｅｓhintｈｅirmind.Andanｕｍbｅｒofoil－proｄuｃingcｏunｔｒiesarｅtｒiｍmingｔheｉrｇasolinesubsidiｅsandｒａisinｇｔaxes,sｏtｈenetsａｖinｇsforglobalcｏnsumersisnｏtasｂigasthｅｏilｐriceｐlｕｎgeｍighｔsuggest．51.Whａｔdｏｅstheaｕthormaｉnｌｙｄisｃussinthｅpaｓｓagｅ?A．Tｈereaｓonsbehindｔheplungeofoiｌpriceｓ．B．Possiｂlｅwaystostiｍulａt(yī)ethｅglobａｌecoｎomy.Ｃ.Ｔ