2023年考研英語一真題答案及詳解

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Ｔｅxｔ2Ａdealisａdｅal-excｅpt,apparenｔｌy，whenEnteｒｇyisinｖolｖeｄ.Thｅｃoｍpany,amajｏrenｅrｇｙsuppｌieｒinNewEngland,proｖｏkｅdjustifiedoutrageinVermｏntｌastweeｋwｈenitannｏunｃeditwaｓrｅｎeｇinｇonaloｎgｓtandingｃoｍｍｉtmenｔtoａbidebythestriｃtnuclｅarｒegulatｉｏnｓ．Iｎstead，ｔhecomｐａｎyhasdoneprecisｅlｙｗhａｔｉthadlｏngpｒoｍisｅdｉtwｏuldnｏtｃhallenｇetｈeconｓtiｔutionａlityofＶermｏｎｔ’ｓruｌeｓintheｆｅｄerａlcourt，aｓparｔofａdｅｓｐeｒatｅeffｏrttｏkｅepitsVerｍontＹａnkｅenuclearpowerｐlantrunning.Iｔ’sastｕnningｍｏve.Ｔheｃoｎfｌiｃthａｓbeensuｒfaciｎgsiｎce2023,wheｎｔhｅcorporａt(yī)ionbougｈｔVｅｒmonｔ’sonｌynucleaｒｐowerplaｎt，anagｉｎｇreaｃtｏriｎVｅｒnｏn.Asａｃoｎdｉtioｎofreceivingstateapｐroｖａlｆorthｅsaｌｅ,thｅｃompanyagreeｄｔｏseｅkpermｉｓsioｎfrｏmｓtatｅrｅgulａt(yī)orｓtｏoperatepast２0２3.In2０２3,tｈestatewentａstｅpfｕrther,reqｕｉｒingｔhatanyexteｎsｉoｎｏftheｐｌant’sliceｎｓebｅsubjecttｏVｅｒmontlegislａt(yī)ure’saｐprｏvaｌ．Ｔｈｅn，ｔｏo，thecompaｎywｅｎtaｌoｎg.EiｔherEntergyｎeverreallｙintｅｎdeｄtｏliveｂythoseｃommiｔments,oｒiｔsｉmｐlydｉdn’tforeseeｗｈａt(yī)woulｄｈａppenｎeｘt.Asｔrinｇofacciｄentｓ,includiｎｇｔhepａrｔiａlcollaｐｓeofａcoolinｇtowerｉn207andtheｄiscoｖｅｒyoｆanundeｒｇｒoｕｎdpipesystemlｅakagｅ,raiｓｅdseｒiousquestionsａｂoutｂｏtｈVerｍoｎtＹａnkee’sｓafｅtyandEnｔeｒｇy’ｓｍａnａｇement–eｓpecｉallyafｔｅrthｅcompａｎｙmademiｓleａdｉｎｇstatementsabｏutthepｉpe.EnragedｂyEnｔｅｒgy’sbehavｉoｒ,ｔheVeｒmonｔSenａt(yī)eｖoted２６to4ｌastyｅaragainｓｔallowiｎgａｎｅxtｅnｓｉon.Nowｔhecompaｎyissudｄｅnlｙclaiｍingtｈatｔhe２0２3ａｇreｅmeｎtisinvaliｄbｅcauｓｅoｆthe2023legiｓｌation,ａndthaｔonlythefederａlgovernmｅnthasｒeｇulatｏｒypowerovernucleariｓsｕeｓ.Tｈelegalｉssuｅｓｉｎthｅcasearｅｏbscure:ｗherｅasｔheSupremeCｏurthａsrｕledthatstatｅsｄohavｅｓomeregulaｔoryａｕthorityovernucleaｒｐｏwer，legａlsｃholａrssａytｈａt(yī)Ｖermoｎtcasｅｗilloｆｆerａpｒecedｅｎt－seｔtingtestoｆｈowｆａrthoｓepoｗerｓextend.Certainly,tｈｅreａrevaｌidconｃｅrｎsabouｔthepaｔchwoｒkregulａt(yī)iｏｎｓthatcouldｒesｕltifｅvｅｒystaｔesetsitｓｏwnrules．ButhadEnｔｅrgykｅｐtｉtｓword,thａｔdebａt(yī)ｅwoｕlｄbｅbｅsidｅtｈeｐoiｎｔ.Ｔhecompanyseｅmsｔoｈaveconcludedtｈａt(yī)itsｒeｐｕtａt(yī)ioninVeｒmoｎtisaｌｒeadysodａmageｄｔhatitｈasnotingleｆｔtｏlosebygoinｇtowaｒｗitｈthｅｓtate．Buｔtｈereｓhouｌｄbｅconｓｅqｕences.Ｐerｍｉssiｏｎtorunanuｃlearplanｔisapoblｉctrｕst.Enterｇｙｒｕｎｓ11ｏtherreacｔorｓｉｎtheUｎｉtedStates,inｃludiｎｇＰｉlgrimNuｃleaｒsｔａt(yī)iｏnｉnPｌymｏuth.PledｇiｎgｔoｒunPiｌｇrimsaｆeｌy,theｃompanyhasａｐpliedｆorfedｅralpermissionｔokeepitopｅnｆorａnother2０ｙeaｒs．ＢutasthｅNuclearReｇulatoryCommissiｏｎ（NRC)ｒｅviewsｔheｃｏmpanｙ’saｐｐlｉcａｔiｏn，ｉtshｏuldkeepiｔmindwhａt(yī)ｐｒomｉseｓfｒomEnｔｅrgｙareｗoｒｔｈ.26.Thｅpｈｒａse“rｅnｅgｉnｇｏｎ”（Line3.ｐara.1)iｓcｌosｅstｉnmｅaningｔo[A]condｅmninｇ.［B]reaｆfｉrming.［Ｃ]dｉｓhonorｉng.[D]ｓeｃuｒing.27.Bｙenｔeｒingintothe２0２3ａgrｅeｍeｎt，Ｅnｔｅrgyintenｄｅdto［Ａ]obｔａiｎprotecｔiｏnfｒｏmVｅrmｏntreguｌａt(yī)ors．［B］seeｋfavｏrfromtheｆｅｄｅrａllegislature．[C]acｑuireanexｔensionofitｓbｕsinｅssliｃense．[Ｄ]geｔｐermissiontoｐｕｒchａseaｐowerpｌａｎt．28.AccorｄingtoParagrapｈ4，Entｅrgｙsｅｅmstohaｖeｐrobｌemswiｔｈiｔs[A］manageriａlpｒactｉcｅs.[B]ｔechnicaｌｉnnovativeness.[C]fiｎancｉalｇoals．［D]bｕｓinｅssvｉsiｏｎ２9.Inthｅauｔhｏr’ｓvｉew,ｔhｅＶermontcaseｗilｌｔest[Ａ］Enteｒgy’scａpacｉtｙｔｏfuｌfｉllallitｓｐroｍｉｓes.［Ｂ]thematurｅofstａt(yī)eｓ’ｐatchworkｒegulatiｏns.[Ｃ］theｆｅｄeraｌauthoｒityoｖeｒｎucｌｅarｉｓsｕｅs.［D]ｔheｌimｉtsoｆｓtａt(yī)es’ｐoｗerovｅｒnｕclearissｕes.３０．Iｔcaｎｂeiｎfeｒredfromｔhelastｐaｒaｇｒａphtｈat[A］Entergy’sbusiｎｅｓseｌsewheremightｂeａｆｆecｔed.［B]tｈｅauthoｒityoｆtheNＲCwillbedefieｄ．[Ｃ］ＥnｔeｒgｙwｉllwｉｔhdrａwｉtsPlymouthaｐplｉcatiｏn.[D]Vermont’sreｐuｔationmightｂedａmａｇｅd.Text3Inｔheidｅaliｚedveｒｓionofhowsciencｅisdone,factｓaboutthｅwｏrldareｗaitingｔoｂeｏbseｒｖｅｄａndｃollectedbyobjectivｅrｅsｅaｒcherｓwｈousｅtｈescientｉficmeｔｈodtocarryｏutｔheirwork.Butintｈeeverydayｐrａcｔiceoｆscieｎce,ｄiscovｅrｙfrｅquentlyｆoｌｌｏwsanaｍbiｇuｏuｓandcｏmplｉｃatｅdｒｏute．Weaiｍtobeｏbjeｃtive,butｗecanｎｏteｓｃapeｔｈeconteｘtoｆouruｎiquｅｌifeexpeｒience.Ｐriorknoｗledgeanｄｉnteｒeｓtinｆluenceｗhatｗｅexｐerience,whａt(yī)wｅthinkoｕrexpeｒｉeｎcｅｓmｅａn,ａndｔhｅsｕｂseｑuentactiｏnsｗetake.Oppoｒｔuniｔｉesformisiｎtｅｒｐretation,erｒor，anｄselｆ-deceptｉonａｂｏuｎd.Conｓｅquｅnｔly,discoverｙclaimssｈoulｄbethoｕghtoｆasprotosｃiｅnce.Ｓimilarｔonewlystakedｍiｎｉnｇcｌａｉmｓ，thｅyaｒefullofpｏtentiaｌ.Butittakeｓcolｌectivescｒutｉnyanｄａcceptanceｔotｒａnsfoｒmaｄiｓcoｖerycｌaiminｔoaｍatｕreｄｉｓcｏveｒｙ.Ｔhｉsｉsthecredibilitypｒoceｓs,ｔｈroughwｈichtheindividuaｌｒｅsearcｈer’sme,ｈｅｒe,noｗbecｏｍestｈｅcomｍunity’sａｎｙｏne,aｎyｗｈerｅ,ａnyｔime.Ｏbjectｉveｋnowledgeisthegoal,ｎoｔthｅｓｔaｒtinｇpoinｔ.Oncｅadisｃｏｖeryclaimbecomespublic,tｈediscｏvererreceivｅｓｉntellｅcｔualcredit．Buｔ,unlｉkewｉｔhmininｇｃlaｉms，ｔｈecoｍmunitytaｋescontｒolofwhathappｅnsnexｔ.Withinthecomplexsｏcｉalstrｕctuｒeofthesciｅnｔificcｏｍmuｎity,reseａrcherｓmaｋediscoｖｅriｅs;ｅditorｓandrevieｗersactａsgateｋeeperｓbyconｔrollingthepubｌicａt(yī)ｉｏnpｒｏceｓs;ｏtｈeｒｓcientiｓｔｓusetheｎewfinｄiｎgtosuｉｔtheｉroｗnpurｐoseｓ；anｄfinalｌy,tｈepubｌiｃ(incｌuｄiｎgoｔhersｃientists）recｅivestheneｗdｉscoveｒyandｐosｓiblyaccomｐaｎｙiｎgｔeｃhnｏlｏｇy.Asａdiｓｃoverｙｃlａimｗorksiｔthｒｏugｈthecommunｉｔｙ,thｅiｎteracｔionandｃonfroｎｔationbeｔｗｅeｎｓharedaｎdcompeｔｉngbelieｆsaboutｔhｅscienceaｎdｔheteｃhｎoloｇyｉnvoｌvedtranｓformsanｉｎdｉviduaｌ’sdiscoｖerｙclaimintothecｏmmunity’scｒeｄibleｄｉsｃoveｒy.Tｗopａｒａｄoxesexistｔｈｒoughoutthiscredｉbilitypｒoｃess.Fiｒｓt,ｓcｉentｉfｉcｗｏrkｔeｎdstofｏcusonsomeasｐｅcｔoｆprevaiｌｉngKnｏwlｅdgeｔhａt(yī)ｉsviｅwedａsincｏmplｅtｅｏriｎcorrect.Lｉｔtleｒewardaccompanｉesduplicａt(yī)ionandcｏｎｆirｍａt(yī)ionofｗhatiｓalreaｄｙknownanｄｂelieved.Ｔhegoalisnew-sｅarcｈ，ｎoｔre-seaｒｃh.Notsurpｒiｓｉngｌy，newlypublisheddiscoverycｌａimｓandｃrｅｄibleｄiscoｖeriesｔhatappｅarｔobeimpｏrtaｎtanｄｃｏnviｎｃinｇwillalｗayｓbｅｏpｅｎｔochallenｇeandpoteｎtialmｏdiｆicatiｏｎorrefutationbyfutｕｒeresearcｈers.Ｓｅｃonｄ,noveltyｉtｓelfｆｒeｑuentlｙｐrovoｋｅｓｄｉsｂelief.NｏbeｌＬauｒeateandphysioｌｏgistAlbeｒtＡｚent－Gｙorｇyiｏnceｄescribｅｄｄisｃoｖeryas“seeingwhateｖeｒyboｄyhasｓeenandthｉnkｉnｇwｈaｔnoｂoｄyhasthought．”Buｔthinkinｇwhａt(yī)ｎoｂodyｅlseｈａsthoｕghtandtｅlliｎgothｅrswhatｔｈｅｙhａｖemｉssedmａynｏtchangethｅｉｒｖiews.Ｓometimesyeaｒｓarerequiredfortｒuｌｙnoｖelｄiｓｃｏveｒycｌaimstobeａｃｃｅｐtedａndappreciａt(yī)ed．Ｉｎtｈeenｄ,crｅｄibiｌity“ｈappens”ｔoadｉscoveｒｙcｌaｉm–apｒocessthatcｏrresｐonｄstowhａｔphｉｌosopheｒAnneｔteBaiｅrhaｓdｅscｒiｂedasｔhecommonsofｔhemind.“Wｅｒeasontｏgetｈer，challeｎge，rｅvise,andcompｌｅｔeeａｃhｏｔｈer’sreａsonｉngaｎdeａｃｈｏthｅr’scoｎceｐtiｏnsofreaｓｏn.”31.Acｃordinｇｔothｅfirstｐaragraｐh，thｅｐrｏcessｏfｄiscoverｙｉschａrａcteｒiｚｅｄbyｉts[A]unｃｅｒｔaintyandcoｍplexｉty.［B]misconceptｉonanｄｄeceptiveness.[C]logicalityandｏｂｊecｔｉvitｙ.［Ｄ]systeｍaticneｓsａndregulａrity.32.ItｃａｎbeｉnｆｅrredfromParagｒaph２tｈatcredibiｌｉｔyｐroceｓsrｅｑuirｅs[Ａ]stｒicｔｉnspectiｏn.[B］sharｅｄefｆｏrtｓ.［Ｃ］individuaｌwｉsｄｏｍ.[D］persisｔeｎｔinｎovａt(yī)ion.33.Ｐａragｒａｐh3showsthatadiscovｅryclaimbecomescｒediblｅａftｅrit[Ａ］hasａt(yī)trａcｔedtheaｔｔeｎtionｏfthｅgeneralpublｉc.[B]hasbeeｎｅｘａmiｎｅｄbyｔhescieｎtｉficcoｍｍｕnｉty.［C]ｈasrecｅivedrecogｎitｉoｎfromｅditorsandrevieｗｅrs.[D]ｈasbeenｆrequenｔlｙquoteｄbypeersｃｉeｎtｉstｓ.34.ＡlbertSzeｎt－Gｙ?rｇyiｗｏuldmosｔliｋｅlyagreethaｔ[A］ｓciｅｎtifｉcclaimｓwiｌlsurvivｅｃhａllenges.[Ｂ］diｓｃoveriesｔoｄayinｓpiｒeｆｕtuｒeresearcｈ.[C]eｆfoｒtstｏｍａkediscoｖeriesaｒeｊuｓtified.［D］ｓcｉentｉficｗoｒｋｃaｌlｓｆｏｒａｃriticalmind.3５．Whｉｃhofｔhｅfolｌoｗiｎgwｏuｌdbetｈebesｔtｉtleｏfthetest?[A］ＮoｖeｌｔyasanEngineofScieｎtiｆｉcＤeｖｅｌｏpment.［B]ColleｃtiveScｒutinyinSciｅnｔifiｃDisｃoｖery.[C]EvolutioｎｏfCrｅｄibilｉtyｉｎDｏinｇScienｃe．[D］ChalleｎgetｏCｒedibilitｙａt(yī)tｈeGatetoScience．Text4ＩfthetｒａｄeunioniｓtJimmyHoｆfawerealiｖetoday,ｈewouldprobaｂlyrepresｅntｃiviｌsｅrvaｎt.WｈenHofｆa’sＴeaｍsｔersｗｅreｉｎｔhｅiｒｐｒimeｉn196０，oｎlyoneiｎｔenAｍｅｒｉｃangovｅrnｍentwoｒkｅrsbｅlongedtoaunｉｏｎ;now36%do．Ｉn2023ｔhenumbｅrofunｉoｎｉｓtｓiｎA(yù)mericａ’spublｉｃsｅctorｐａssedｔhatoftｈｅiｒfellｏｗmembersinｔheｐrivatｅsecｔｏｒ.InBritain,morethanｈaｌfoｆpublｉc-ｓｅctorwｏrkｅrsbｕtonlyａbout15%ofprivate-ｓecｔｏronesareｕｎiｏnｉzeｄ.Ｔheｒeareｔhreereasonsｆoｒｔｈｅｐuｂｌic-sｅctorunｉonｓ’thriviｎｇ.First,ｔheｙcansｈuｔthinｇsdowｎｗｉthoutsufｆｅringmuchiｎｔｈｅwayofｃonsequeｎces.Second,theyaｒｅmosｔｌybrｉghtａndweｌl-edｕcａt(yī)ed.AqｕarterofAmｅｒica’ｓpuｂlic-ｓectorwoｒkershaveauniversiｔydegree.Tｈird,theynoｗｄomｉｎａt(yī)elｅft－ｏｆ-centrepolｉtiｃｓ.Sｏmeoftheirtiesgobaｃkalongwaｙ.Britaiｎ’sLaborPａrty,ａsiｔsnａmeｉｍｐliｅs,haslonｇｂeenａssｏcｉatedwithtradeuｎｉonｉsm.Itｓcｕｒrentleａder,EdＭilibaｎd，oｗeshispositioｎtｏvｏtｅsfrｏmpubｌic-secｔoruｎiｏnｓ.Ａttheｓtａt(yī)eleveltheirinfｌuｅncecａnｂeevenmorefｅａrｓome．MａrkBaldassａreoftｈePubｌicPｏlicyInｓtituｔeofCaｌｉｆornｉapoiｎtsｏutthatｍｕchoftｈestate’ｓbuｄgeｔispａt(yī)rolledbyuniｏnｓ.Thｅｔeachers’ｕniｏnskｅepaneyｅonschooｌｓ,tｈeCCPOＡonｐrisoｎsandavariｅｔyoflaboｒgrｏupsonｈeａlthｃａrｅ.Inmａnyrichcoｕntriｅsaveraｇewａgesiｎtｈeｓtatｅｓectｏｒareｈigherthaｎinｔhｅprivａt(yī)eoｎe.Butthｅrealgainscoｍeiｎｂenｅfitsandworkｐractｉces.Ｐoliｔｉciａnshaｖerepｅatedly“backloaｄｅd”publｉｃ-sectoｒｐａｙｄeals，keｅpｉngthepayｉncｒｅasesmodestbuｔａｄdｉngtｏｈolｉdａyｓanｄespecｉallypensｉonsthatａreaｌrｅadygenerｏuｓ．Reforｍhasｂeenvｉgｏrｏuslyｏpｐosｅd,pｅrｈapsmosteｇreｇｉｏｕslｙｉneducation,wｈereｃharｔeｒschools，ａcademiｅsandmeriｔpayallｆaceddraｗn－outｂａt(yī)tles.Evenｔｈｏｕghthereiｓplenｔyofｅｖideｎceｔhattheｑualityoｆtheｔeａcｈｅrsｉsｔhemｏsｔiｍporｔantｖａriａｂle,ｔeacｈｅrs’ｕｎionshavｅfoughtaｇａinstｇｅttingriｄofｂadoneｓandｐromotｉｎgｇoodones.Astｈecostｔoｅveｒyｏｎeelseｈaｓbecｏmeclearer,polｉtｉcｉaｎshavebeguntoclaｍpｄown.InWｉsconｓiｎthｅunionｓhaｖeraｌlieｄthoｕsandsｏfsｕｐｐortersaｇａｉnstScoｔtＷａlker,thehardlineＲｅpubliｃａngoverｎor．Bｕtmａｎyｗiｔhintｈepubliｃsecｔorsufferuｎdeｒthecｕrrｅntsysｔｅm,too．JｏhnDｏｎahueatHarvａrd’ｓKennｅdｙScｈｏｏlpoiｎtsoutｔｈatthｅｎｏｒmｓｏｆcｕltureｉnWesterｎｃiｖilｓervicessuｉttｈｏseｗhowａｎｔtosｔaypｕtbutiｓbadforhighaｃhieｖerｓ.ＴheｏnlｙAmericａnpublic-seｃｔorwｏｒｋeｒsｗhｏｅaｒnｗellaｂove$250,0０0ayeaｒareｕｎiversｉtyｓporｔscoａchｅsanｄtheprｅｓｉｄentoｆtｈeUｎitedStatｅs．Baｎkers’fatpaypaｃkｅtshavｅａt(yī)tracｔｅdmuｃhcｒiｔicｉsm,bｕtapublic-ｓectorsystemtｈatｄoeｓnoｔrｅwardhiｇhａcｈieｖeｒsmayｂｅａmuchbiggerｐｒoｂｌemforAｍerica.36.Ｉｔｃａｎbeｌeaｒnｅｄfｒｏmthefｉrstpａrａgrａphｔhａt(yī)［A]Teａmｓterｓstｉｌｌｈavｅaｌargｅbodyｏfmembers.[B]ＪimmyＨｏffausｅｄｔoworkasaｃiviｌｓervant.[C]unｉoｎｓhaｖｅeｎlaｒgｅdtｈｅirｐuｂlic－ｓｅｃtormｅmbeｒshｉp.[D］ｔhegovernｍenｔhasiｍproveditsrｅlatiｏnｓhipwithuｎionists．37.WhicｈofthｅｆollowingiｓtrueofＰaragraｐh2？[A]Pubｌic-sｅｃtorunionsａrepｒｕdentintａkiｎｇactｉons.［B］Educationisreqｕｉｒｅｄｆorpublic－sｅctorｕｎionmｅｍbership．[C]LaborPａrtyhaslonｇbeenｆighｔｉｎgａgａinstpｕｂlic-ｓectoｒunions.[Ｄ]Ｐublｉc－sｅctoruniｏnsseldomgｅtｉntｒoubleｆortheiractiｏns.38.ItcａｎｂelｅarnedｆromParagｒaph4tｈaｔtheincｏmeinthestaｔesectoris[A]ｉｌlｅｇａｌｌysecured.[Ｂ］iｎdireｃtlyaugmenｔed.[C]ｅxceｓsiveｌyincrｅasｅd．［D］fairlyaｄjusteｄ.3９．ＴheexａmpleｏfｔｈeｕnionｓinＷisconsiｎsｈowｓthaｔuｎions[A]oftenrｕｎａｇａｉnsｔthｅｃurｒentpolｉticalsｙsｔｅm.[Ｂ]canchangｅpeoｐle’ｓpolitｉｃａlaｔtｉtudes．[C]mayｂｅabarｒiertopuｂlic-sｅctorｒｅｆoｒms.［D]aｒｅdoｍinantinthegｏｖｅｒｎment．40．JohnDonａhue’sattitｕdｅｔowardｓthｅpublic－ｓｅctoｒｓｙstｅｍisoneof［A]disaｐprovａl.[B]ａpprecｉaｔion.［C]tｏleｒａｎce.[D]ｉｎdｉｆfｅrｅnｃe.ParｔBDirｅctioｎs:Intheｆollowingtext,somｅsentencｅsｈavebeenremovｅd．FoｒＱuｅsｔiｏｎs41-４5,choosethemostｓuitａblｅonｅfrｏmthelｉstＡ-Gtofitintoeachofthenuｍbeｒedblanｋs．Thｅｒeａｒetwoextraｃhoｉcｅs,wｈiｃhdonｏtfitinanyｏfｔheblaｎkｓ.ＭarkyｏurａｎswersｏｎＡNSＷEＲSHＥET１.(10poinｔs）Thｉnkoftｈoｓeflｅetiｎｇｍomenｔswhenyouｌｏokｏｕｔｏfanaｅroplaｎｅwinｄowａnｄｒealiｓｅｔhatyoｕaｒｅfｌｙｉnｇ,highertｈanａｂｉrd．Nowthinkoｆyｏurlaptｏp,tｈinnerthanabrｏwn-paperenvelope,orｙourｃellｐhｏneｉnthepalmofｙｏurhand．Tａkeａmomentortwotoｗoｎdeｒaｔthｏsｅｍarvelｓ.Youareｔheｌucｋｙiｎheｒitorofadreamcomeｔｒue.Ｔhesecondhaｌfofthe２0tｈｃenｔｕｒｙsａｗaｃollectionoｆgeniｕseｓ，warriors,entreprenｅｕrsandvisionaｒieslabｏurtocrｅaｔeａfabｕlousｍａchiｎetｈatcouldｆunｃｔｉonasatyｐewrｉteranｄprintingｐress,studｉｏaｎdtheａt(yī)re,painｔbrｕsｈandgａllery,pianoandradio,themaiｌａswｅllastｈemａiｌcarｒiｅｒ.(41）Theneｔworｋedcｏmpｕtｅrｉsanaｍazｉnｇdevｉce,thefiｒｓtmediamachｉnethａt(yī)servesasｔhemｏdeofproduction,meansｏfｄｉstｒibuｔｉｏn,sｉteofreception,andplaceoｆｐraiseａndcritique．Ｔhecomputｅristhe21stｃeｎｔury'scｕlturemａｃhｉne．Ｂｕtfｏrａllｔhｅreａsｏnstherearetocelｅｂｒａt(yī)ｅthｅcomｐuter,wemustalｓotrｅaｄwiｔｈcauｔion．(42)Icaｌlitasｅcｒetwarfortwｏrｅａsoｎｓ.Ｆirst,ｍｏｓtpeｏpledｏnoｔrealisｅｔhatｔherearesｔroｎｇcｏmmｅrcｉalａｇendasａｔworkｔｏkeepｔheminpassivｅconsumptionmode.Sｅconｄ,themajoｒｉtyofｐeopｌeｗhousｅnetwoｒｋｅdcomputerstｏupｌoadaｒenotevenａｗareofthesigniｆicanceofwhattheyaredoing.Alｌanimalsｄownｌｏaｄ，bｕｔonlyafｅwuｐloaｄ.Beａveｒsbuilddａmsａndbｉｒｄsmaｋｅneｓｔs.Yeｔforthemｏstpart,theanｉmaｌkｉngdｏmmｏvestｈroｕghthｅwoｒlｄdownloａdinｇ.Humansareuniqueｉｎtｈeirｃａpacitytonｏtｏnlyｍａketooｌsbuｔthenｔurnarouｎdaｎdｕsethemtocｒeａt(yī)ｅsupeｒfluousmateｒｉalｇoｏdｓ-paｉｎｔｉngs，scuｌpｔureandａrｃhｉtｅｃture－aｎdsｕperfluousexpeｒｉeｎces-mｕsic，lｉteraｔｕｒe,religionａndphilosoｐhｙ.(43)Foralｌthｅpossibｉlitieｓofoｕrｎewcuｌｔuremachｉnes,mｏsｔｐeopｌeareｓtｉllstuckｉnｄｏwｎloadmode.Evｅnaｆtｅrｔheaｄｖｅntｏfwｉdｅsprｅａｄsociａlmｅｄia，apyrａmidofprｏductionrｅmains,wiｔhａsmallｎumberofpeｏpleuｐloadingmaterial,asligｈｔlylargerｇroupcommeｎｔｉnｇonoｒmodｉfyｉngｔｈａt(yī)contｅnｔ,aｎdahｕgeｐerｃeｎtａｇeremａiｎinｇconｔｅｎttojuｓtconｓumｅ.(４４）Teleｖisionisａone－waytａpflowiｎgintｏｏurhomes.Ｔhehａrｄesttasｋthatｔeｌeｖisionａskｓoｆａnyoneistoturｎthｅpoｗerｏｆfａfｔerhehastｕrnediton.(45）Wｈaｔcountsasmeanｉngfuｌｕｐloadｉng?Mydｅｆiｎitionｒeｖolvesarounｄthｅconｃeptof"ｓｔickiness＂－creationsandｅxpeｒiencｅstowhicｈothｅrsａdhere.[Ａ］Ofcｏurse,iｔispreciselythesesｕperｆｌuｏｕｓthｉnｇｓthａt(yī)ｄefinehumａnｃｕltureandｕltimateｌywhatｉtiｓｔobehuman.Downloａdｉｎgａnｄcｏnsumingcｕltｕrerequｉreｓgreatｓｋills,butfａiliｎｇtomｏｖｅbeyondｄｏｗnloadinｇｉｓtｏｓｔｒｉponesｅlｆｏfａdeｆinｉnｇcoｎsｔiｔueｎtofhumanitｙ.[B]Appｌicaｔionsliketumｂlr.ｃom,whiｃhaｌlowusｅｒstoｃｏmbｉneｐｉｃｔuｒeｓ,wordsaｎｄotｈｅｒｍedｉａiｎcreaｔivｅwａｙsaｎdthｅnsｈarｅthｅm，havethepｏtentialｔoaｄdｓtiｃkｉnesｓbyamuｓing，enｔerｔaiｎｉngａndenliｇhteningoｔhers.[Ｃ]Nｏtonlｙdiｄtheｙdｅvｅlopsuchaｄeviｃebutbytｈｅｔurnoｆthｅｍｉｌｌｅnｎｉumtｈｅyhａdalｓｏmaｎａgｅｄｔoembedｉtiｎａｗorldwiｄesｙsteｍaｃceｓｓeｄbybｉｌlｉonsoｆpeopleeｖeｒydａｙ．[Ｄ]Ｔhｉｓiｓbｅｃａｕseｔhenetworｋedcomputerｈasspaｒｋeｄasecrｅtｗarbetweｅnｄｏwnlｏaｄｉngandupｌoaｄｉnｇ-ｂetweenpasｓiｖeｃonsumptioｎandaｃtiｖecｒeａt(yī)iｏn-wｈoseoutｃｏmewiｌlsｈapｅｏuｒcolｌeｃtivefｕｔｕrｅｉnwaｙswecanonｌybegintｏｉmａgｉｎｅ．[E]Thｅchａllengethecompuｔermouｎtstｏteｌeｖｉsioｎｔｈuｓbearslittleｓimilarｉtytoonｅfｏrmａt(yī)beingreｐlａｃeｄbyａnｏthｅrｉnthemaｎnerofrecordpｌａyersbeｉnｇrepｌａcedbyＣＤplaｙeｒs.[F］Ｏneｒeasonfoｒthepｅｒsｉstｅnceｏｆｔｈｉspyraｍｉdｏｆpｒoducｔioniｓthatforthｅｐasthalｆ-ceｎtury,mucｈｏfthｅwoｒlｄ'smeｄiａcuｌtuｒehａsbeeｎdefｉｎｅdbyaｓiｎgｌemediｕｍ-teleｖｉsioｎ-anｄｔeｌeviｓioｎｉsdefinedbydownloading.[G]Tｈenetｗorkedcomputerofferstｈefirstｃhancein50yｅarstoreｖerseｔhefｌow，tｏｅnｃouｒagｅthoughｔfuldownlｏadinｇanｄ,evenｍoｒeimportantly,meａningfulｕｐｌｏａｄing.ＰaｒｔCDirectionｓ:[ＮxtPaｇｅ]SeｃtｉonIIIWrｉtingPartA51.Ｄirectｉons：Ｓomeｉnｔernａｔiｏnalｓstudenｔsarｅｃｏmｉngtoｙｏuｒunｉｖｅrｓｉty.WrｉtethｅmａnemaiｌintｈeｎameｏfｔheStudeｎts’Unionｔo1）eｘtenｄyourｗeｌcｏmeand2)pｒoｖideｓoｍｅsuggeｓｔionｓfortheirｃaｍpuslifeｈere.Yｏuｓhouｌｄwriteａｂoｕt１00wｏrdsoｎＡＮSWERSHEET2.Ｄonｏtsｉgnyouｒｎameaｔｔheendoftheletter.Usｅ“ＬiMinｇ”iｎｓtead.Donotwriｔetheaddrｅｓｓ（10ｐointｓ）PａrtB５２．Diｒectiｏns：ｗrｉteanesｓayｏf１６0-20０ｗordsbasedoｎthefoｌlｏwiｎgdrawing.Inｙouressayyｏushｏulｄ1)dｅscribｅtｈedｒawｉngｂrieflｙ2）ｅｘplａinｉtsintenｄｅdmeａning,anｄ3)giveｙourｃｏmｍｅntｓYｏushｏｕｌdｗｒｉteneatlｙoｎA(yù)ＮＳＷERＳHEEＴ2.(２０poinｔs)SectiｏnⅠＵseｏfＥnglｉsh20２３年的完型填空是有關(guān)美國司法官倫理和政治關(guān)系的一篇文章,出自NewＹorｋTｉmes，Juｎe,30th,2023的“Ｅthｉｃs,PoliｔicsandtｈeLaw”一文。選材回歸了２023年完型曾出過的法律類文章,并且和當(dāng)年同樣,也是包含幾個小段落,不像以往的文章，三段或者四段論,脈絡(luò)比較清楚,結(jié)構(gòu)容易把握。并且，較去年比較“平易近人”的文章，這篇法律類文章背后有一定的背景知識，比較關(guān)注時(shí)事或者對這一塊兒有所了解的同學(xué)，會相應(yīng)得心應(yīng)手一些。此外，20道題目中,多達(dá)13題都是在考察動詞，雖然選項(xiàng)中基本不存在干擾項(xiàng)，除了15題一道考察兩詞的辨析之外,其他的選項(xiàng)含義都差別甚遠(yuǎn)，按理說值得快樂。但是這些考察動詞的題目中，許多都考核對于熟詞僻義的掌握情況，往年就是２０２3出現(xiàn)了3處，今年也出現(xiàn)3處。僅有２道題考察邏輯詞,并且這兩道題是送分題,不需要考慮太多。歷來是命題人偏愛的以“abｌe”作后綴的形容詞仍然出現(xiàn)(1９題)。下面就真題作一個具體解析。和以往同樣,第一句話不設(shè)空,幫助同學(xué)們理解全文探討的話題：美國高等法庭司法官的倫理道德問題。題1選Ｂ。maｉntaiｎ.此空有賴于對后文的理解。這直接體現(xiàn)了我們作完型的整體思緒，也就是一方面通讀全文。特別是看到最后一段直接給出建議：希望法官和政治劃清界線從而保證自己的權(quán)威性，因此全文的導(dǎo)向和邏輯就非常清楚了。同時(shí),題2答案（when)也順勢而出:假如法官們和政治家同樣,法庭就不能捍衛(wèi)自己作為法律衛(wèi)道士的權(quán)威。題2選A。這里的when其實(shí)表達(dá)條件關(guān)系，即“假如……?！鳖}３選擇ｗeaｋeneｄ。上下文語義題+詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)含義差別較大,規(guī)定對上下文邏輯關(guān)系掌握清楚。Ｙet表達(dá)一個轉(zhuǎn)折：“即使這樣,還是有很多法官這樣做，損害了法庭獨(dú)立和公正的名聲?！北绢}假如能把導(dǎo)向把握準(zhǔn),即可定位在B和D兩項(xiàng),D項(xiàng)eliｍinated過于絕對，排除。題4選Ｄ．ａccepｔed。上下文語義。仍然是通過上下文邏輯關(guān)系，按段精度解題。這段用兩個法官參與政治事件的例子說明他們的行為使得法院的裁決不偏不倚而被認(rèn)可變得不太也許。A選項(xiàng)challenged和Ｃ項(xiàng)ｓｕspected意義相反，和主旨矛盾，即肯定了法官參與政治行為。Ｂ項(xiàng)ｃｏｍprｏmised“調(diào)?！焙椭黝}無關(guān)。題5選C。上下文語義題。本段屬于總分形式。一方面提出法官參與政治導(dǎo)致的問題,然后分析問題的因素:“這種情況有一部分是由于法官們不受倫理道德準(zhǔn)則的約束?！逼渌?xiàng)不合邏輯，均不具干擾性。題６選B。完型填空在歷史上對于subject這個詞歷來情有獨(dú)鐘。2０2３，20２3,２0２３以及2０23選項(xiàng)中都出現(xiàn),只有２０23落選。并且這3年考察的意思都一致，即“易遭受……”,考察形式有“isｓｕbjectedｔo”，“isｓｕbjectto”以及“suｂｊeｃtｓｂ.ｔosth。(使得某人容易遭受)”。今年仍然是“subｊｅｃｔ”入選，但是這次取了大家最熟悉的意思，即“使服從，受…管制”,“法院應(yīng)當(dāng)依行為準(zhǔn)則辦事”。至于選項(xiàng)Aresiｓtａｎｔ和Cimmune兩個選項(xiàng)和subjecｔ這三個詞在2023的第8道題也同時(shí)出現(xiàn)?！埃拢錳mmuneto”指“對…免疫，不起作用”?？梢姾芏鄷r(shí)候命題人不總以內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ)來設(shè)立干擾選項(xiàng)，也提醒大家要重視對于歷年真題的復(fù)習(xí)。題7選D.appliｅｄ。上下文語義題。選項(xiàng)所在的句子是定語從句，修飾前面的“ｃodeｏfｃｏnｄuct”，即“法院應(yīng)當(dāng)讓自己服從于那些也同樣應(yīng)用于其他聯(lián)邦法院的行為準(zhǔn)則”。A項(xiàng)ｒesorｔto：訴諸于，求助于;B項(xiàng)stiｃkｓtｏ:堅(jiān)持；這兩項(xiàng)的主語都不能是“ｃoｄe”,屬搭配不妥。C項(xiàng)ｌeadtｏ,導(dǎo)致。意義不符,直接排除。題8選Ｂ.rａise。上下文語義+固定搭配?！皉aiｓethequｅstiｏnof”提出了……的問題。這一句是承上啟下段。全文的導(dǎo)向是“法官法庭應(yīng)當(dāng)和政治分離開來”,然后引出負(fù)面例子,緊接著就引出了這句話:“這些案件提出了問題：究竟法庭和政治之間是否還存在界線?！毖韵轮猓ü俸头ㄍズ驼慰偸瞧膊磺尻P(guān)系，符合全文導(dǎo)向。A.evaｄｅ“規(guī)避,逃避”和D項(xiàng)“解決,解決”，不符合上下文邏輯。C項(xiàng)“否決”和后面的“ｑueｓtionｗheｔher…”構(gòu)不成搭配。題9選A．ｌiｎe。上下文語義+固定搭配?！癮lｉnebetｗeen…”:“在…存在或劃清界線”。題10選B.aｓ。介詞用法。eｎvisiｏｎ…as…把……預(yù)想成為…題11選A.ｓo。邏輯關(guān)系詞。前后句明顯是因果關(guān)系，so引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句。題12選Ｃ．upｓｅｔ.上下文語義題。“法官被賦予永恒地位，因而可以不用顧忌懲戒那些有權(quán)力的人?！逼渌齻€選項(xiàng)均不符合上下文邏輯。題13選C．culｔｉvate．上下文語義題?！坝辛诉@種地位做保障，也就不需要再去花心思培養(yǎng)發(fā)展政治支持?！鳖}14選D.tiｅｄ。上下文語義題?！胺ㄖ葡到y(tǒng)旨在將政治與法律相分隔，由于它們彼此聯(lián)系太緊?！逼渌?xiàng)完全構(gòu)不成干擾。題15選Ａ.ｃonceｐｔｓ。詞義辨析題?！埃靑berｔy”和“proｐerty”同屬社會基本理念,而不是theorｉes(理論)或dｉｖisｉonｓ(分支)。D項(xiàng)conception常指具體的或個人的理念而非籠統(tǒng)意義的理念。題16選Ｃ.sｈapes?？疾焓煸~僻義。“Shaｐｅapｌan”，作出計(jì)劃。本詞所在的句子為省略了tｈat的定語從句。“當(dāng)法院解決社會政策決議的問題時(shí)，它們制定出來的法律將不可避免的政治化。”題１7選A.ｄｉｓｍiｓsed?？疾焓煸~僻義。Dismisｓ在這里意為“拒絕考慮，遭拒”?！斑@就解釋了為什么不批準(zhǔn)識形態(tài)導(dǎo)致的決議分歧總是被認(rèn)為不公正因而不予考慮。題１8選C.addｒesｓ。仍然考察熟詞僻義。最后一段提出建議。希望法官們必須解決人們對于法庭合法性的質(zhì)疑。“address”一詞作為“解決,解決”的意思在完型中不是第一次出現(xiàn)。2023的完型中最后一段“addrｅｓstheｎeedsofｔhehomeless”,解決無家可歸者的需求。只但是當(dāng)年這里并沒有設(shè)空。其他三項(xiàng)均不符合邏輯。題１9．選D.accｏunｔable．考察點(diǎn)：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)+熟詞僻義。此題和第二段的題6構(gòu)成同義復(fù)現(xiàn)?！癰eaｃcoｕntａbｌeｔo…”不是“可解釋的”,而是指“有義務(wù)，對…負(fù)責(zé)”。“bｅａgrｅｅａblｅｔo”是“快樂的;批準(zhǔn)的”;雖然也有“適合的，符合品位的”的意思，但題中to后面接的是ｃode,不合邏輯?！埃幔鐁eeａblｅｔoeveｒybody:適合于所有人”。A項(xiàng)“beaｃcesｓiblｅto…，可接近…，能得到的”和Ｂ項(xiàng)“amiａble”和藹可親的,與主題無關(guān)。題20.選D.ａｓａresuｌt?？疾爝壿嬯P(guān)系詞。A項(xiàng)ｂyalｌmeaｎs和B項(xiàng)atalｌｃosｔｓ用法一致，切含義相近，一方面排除。C項(xiàng)iｎａworｄ是“總之”，總結(jié)全文下結(jié)論時(shí)用,并且多用在句首。這里and連接詞前面的內(nèi)容是“讓法律法規(guī)和政治分離開來”，后面的內(nèi)容是“更能服人”，顯然兩者是因果關(guān)系。SectｉonⅡReadingCompｒｅhｅnsｉoｎParｔATｅxt１21.Accordｉngtoｔｈefirｓｔｐaraｇｒaph,ｐeerpressuｒeofteneｍergeｓas根據(jù)第一段，同齡人的壓力通常以什么樣的狀態(tài)出現(xiàn):[A]ａsｕpｐlementtｏｔhesocialcuｒe對于社會治療的補(bǔ)充[Ｂ]astimulustoｇroｕpdｙnａmicｓ對團(tuán)隊(duì)活力的刺激[Ｃ]anobstaｃlｅtoschoolprｏgｒｅss學(xué)校進(jìn)步的阻礙[D]acａuseofundｅsirablebehａviｏrｓ一些不良行為的因素解析：答案為D。細(xì)節(jié)題：選項(xiàng):acauｓeofundesirabｌebehaviｏｒs相應(yīng)文中Itusuallｙleadsｔonogood－drｉｎkiｎｇ，ｄruｇsandcａsｕalsex