2023屆高考英語語法定語從句課件

什么是定語？修飾名詞或代詞的成分什么能作定語？n.-ing–ed,todo,介詞短語、名詞所有格、定語從句1.Sheisalovelygirl.2.Youaremystudents.3.Arescueworkerwastrappedinthefire.4.Thereare58studentsinourclass.5.Thenumberofpeopledyingofstarvation(饑餓）hasbeenincreasing.6.Therewasnodamagecausedbytheearthquake.7.Wn.n.num.現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動詞不定式8.Heisaboyofseventeen.9.Therewasnodamagethatwascausedbytheearthquake.定語從句介詞短語什么是定語從句？修飾主句中名詞或代詞的從句結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞(名詞/代詞)+定語從句(關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo))Thehouse

thatIboughthasagarden.先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時在意義上指代先行詞，在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)哪硞€成分Iboughtthehouse.

Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行詞放置于名詞之_____，修飾名詞的從句關(guān)系詞連接作用1.2.在從句中充當(dāng)成分后定語從句的類型限定性定語從句：和它的先行詞所指的意義有著不可分割的關(guān)系，少了它作為先行詞便不能明確表示所指對象。劃重點：1.無逗號2.修飾限定Shehasabrotherwhoisateacher.

限制性定語從句：她有個當(dāng)老師的哥哥。

（她有好幾個哥哥，其中一個是老師。）定語從句的類型非限定性定語從句：和它的先行詞之間是比較松散的關(guān)系，它不是先行詞不可缺少的成分，而是僅僅對先行詞做一些補充和說明。劃重點：1.有逗號2.補充說明3.不能用that引導(dǎo)

4.所有的關(guān)系詞都不能省略Shehasabrother,whoisateacher.

非限定性定語從句：她有一個哥哥，他是一個老師。

（她只有一個哥哥。）非限中，用who/whom指人,which指物,which也可以指代前面的整個句子;

或選擇正確的關(guān)系副詞。

1.Iwanttobuythehousewhichhasagarden.

我想買那個帶花園的房子。

(言外之意，房子帶花園才買的，如果沒花園很可能就不買了)2.Iwanttobuythehouse,whichhasagarden.

我想買那個房子，那房子還有個花園。

(言外之意，首先打算買那個房子，房子有花園只是補充說明)3.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.

如是由限制性定語從句則表示，他北京工作的爸爸昨天回來了。言

外之意，他還有別的爸爸，不合邏輯)4.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,whenhewon’tbesobusy.

(去掉定語從句，句子仍然完整)which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先行詞可是一個詞,也可是整個主句或主句的某一部分。1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,_____broughtherheartintohermouth.2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_____wasmorethanwecouldexpect.whichwhichthat不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞2.關(guān)系副詞1.指人2.指物3.指某一情況thatwhowhomwhosethatwhichwhosewhichas不能放于句首放于句中或句首“正如”whenwherewhy(主語/賓語/定語)(狀語)指出關(guān)系代詞（副詞）在定語從句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl(whom)ImetisLucy.3.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.4.Ilikethebook(which)youboughtyesterday.5.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.6.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.7.Weshallneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.主語賓語定語賓語賓語

賓語定語關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系代詞：1.連接主、從句2.指代先行詞3.在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分（主語，賓語，定語等）在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞种复酥复镏复嘶蛭镏髡Zwhowhichthat賓語whom（口語中可用who,可?。﹚hich(可省)that(可省)定語whose(ofwhom)whose(ofwhich)which,that所代替的先行詞，可在從句中作主語，賓語等2.whose可指代人或物Aprosperity(繁榮)which/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.Theyrushedovertohelptheman

whosecarhadbrokendown.Pleasepassmethebook

whosecoverisgreen.whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示所屬關(guān)系,whose+n.=ofwhich/whom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whomTheriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseThereareinthisclass20students,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhose注意與冠詞的位置關(guān)系whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句表示所屬關(guān)系,whose+n.=ofwhich/whom+the+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whomTheriver_________banksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.whoseTheyliveinahouse,whosedoorfacessouth.Theyliveinahouse,thedoorofwhichfacessouth.Theyliveinahouse,ofwhichthedoorfacessouth.1)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,from_______effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.（05天津卷）

A.thatB.whoseC.thoseD.what2)GeorgeOrwell,______wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(04北京）

A.therealname B.whathisrealname C.hisrealname D.whoserealnameBD

“whose+名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語從句中既能作主語（如題2），又能作賓語（如題1）。whose的先行詞常用來指人（如題2），但有時也可以用來指具體事物或抽象概念（如題1），這時可以與ofwhich結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序是：“名詞+ofwhich”。題1可變?yōu)椋篺romtheeffectsofwhich…3.關(guān)系代詞作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保

持一致。Heistheman

who/that

wantstoseeyou.Theyaretheboys

who/that

wanttoseeyou.wereHeisoneoftheplayerswho______presentedwiththemedal.Heistheonlyoneoftheplayerswho______presentedwiththemedal.was“oneof+可N.復(fù)+定從”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定從謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“theonlyoneof+可N.復(fù)+定從”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定從謂語動詞用單數(shù)。4.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可省略Heistheman

(whom/that)Isawyesterday.1.定語從句：修飾主句中某一名詞/代詞的從句。2.先行詞：名詞/代詞3.關(guān)系代詞Weallliketheboywhoalwayshelpsothers.YouaremystudentswhomIloveverymuch.Seashellisdrivingacarwhichcantravel160kilometersanhour.Hehasn’tfoundthebookwhichhelostlastweek.Idon’tknowtheboywhosefatherisadoctor.Isawsometreeswhoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.4.充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?.定語從句：修飾主句中某一名詞/代詞的從句。2.先行詞：名詞/代詞3.關(guān)系代詞Weallliketheboy

whoalwayshelpsothers.Youaremystudents

whomIloveverymuch.Autherisdrivingacar

whichcantravel160kilometersanhour.Hehasn’tfoundthebook

whichhelostlastweek.Idon’tknowtheboywhosefatherisadoctor.Isawsometrees

whoseleaveswereblackwithdisease.Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.(關(guān)系代詞可在從句中充當(dāng)表語，這時通常用that）4.充當(dāng)?shù)某煞諭stillremembertheearthquake_________happenedin2012inSichuan.Haveyoureadthebook_________waswrittenbyAnneFrank?Isthistheteacher_________rescuedseveralstudentsfromtheburningbuilding?Doyouknowthelady_________yourmotheristalkingto?It'sthehouse

_________

doorispaintedred.Thefilm_________wesawitlastnightwasveryfrightening.that/whichthat/whichwhom/不填who/thatwhose(that/which)1.Thehousehasabeautifulgarden.Iboughtityesterday.Thehouse(that/which)Iboughtyesterdayhasagarden.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Ithasthelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.Chinaisadevelopingcountrywhich/thathasthelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.3.Hedoesn’treachtheGreatWall.Heisnotatrueman.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.4.Isawagirl.Herbeautytookmybreathaway.Isawagirlwhosebeautytookmybreathaway.5.Theteacherwhoyouwishtoseehimhasgoneabroad.6.Wasthecarmyfatherhadjustboughtitdestroyedintheearthquake?只用that，不用which的情況1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none等不定代詞，或被不定代詞修飾時。

Youshouldhandinall

thatyouhave.Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.2)先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,few,little,much,just,theone,thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame等修飾時。

Ireadallthebooksthatyoulentme.Pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.只用that，不用which的情況3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。

ThisisthefirstAmericanmoviethatI’veseen.4)先行詞是形容詞最高級，或被形容詞最高級修飾時。Englishisthemostinterestingsubjectthatyou’lllearninhighschool.5)先行詞既有人又有物。

Doyoustillrememberthepeopleandthings

(that)wemetthere?只用which，不用that的情況1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞。

Thehousewhich/thatIusedtoliveinhasbecomeashoeshop.

Thehousein

whichIusedtolivehasbecomeashoeshop.2)非限。只用who，不用that的情況先行詞為one,ones,anyone等指人的不定代詞時。

Anyone

whobreaksthelawispunished.2)當(dāng)先行詞是人稱代詞時。

He

whobreaksthelawispunished.3)當(dāng)作先行詞是those,people時。

Those/People

whobreakthelawarepunished.4)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時。

Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyou.

只用that不用which,who/whom的情況1)當(dāng)主句是以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句

（當(dāng)who或which作先行詞時）

Who

thatyouhaveeverseencandoitbetter?

Whichofthetwocows

thatyoukeepproducesmoremilk?2)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語Itisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe.只用which,who/whom，不用that的情況1)非限定從，指物用which，指人用who/whom，或選擇合適的關(guān)系副詞。

永不可省略。

Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,whomIhaven’tmetforalongtime.2)當(dāng)介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前面時，指物用which，指人用whom。Thisistheringwhich/thatshespent1000dollarson.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,who/whomIwenttotheconcertwith,enjoyitverymuch.XiaoWang,withwhomIwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定從介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前，介詞的選用：1.根據(jù)定從中謂語動詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配Thisisthebookon

whichIspent8yuan.Thisisthebookfor

whichIpaid8yuan.Hetoldmetheanswerabout

whichhewassure.2.根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣1949wastheyearin

whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定從3.根據(jù)定從中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系Thisisthenewspaperfor

whichIoftenwritearticles.4.表示“所有”關(guān)系，或先行詞的一部分,可用“數(shù)詞/代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)Thereare60studentsinourclass,twothirdsofwhom

havebeentoBeijing.Ihaveabout10books,halfofwhichwerewrittenbyMoYan.在定從中，有些固定搭配動詞短語中的介詞不可拆開，如lookafter,lookfor,lookforwardto,carefor,hearof/about/from,takecareof等。Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister.Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,5of_______arewomen.Thebookcontains50poems,mostof________waswritteninthe1930s.Therearetwoleft,oneof_______isalmostfinished,andtheotherof_______isnotquite.Ihaveasentence,themeaningof_______Idon’tunderstand.whomwhichwhichwhichwhich名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+of+which/whomwhosemeaning1.Thisisthebigtree__________theylikeenjoyingcoolairinsummer.2.Thespeed_________thecarrunsis60kmanhour.3.Thebraveman,_________thebearwascaught,isagoodhunter.4.Thereisalotofairinthewater,____________thefishcan’tlive.5.Thething_________Ifeelproudisthatallmystudentsarehard-

working.6.Ilostthebike_________Iwenttoschooleveryday.7.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,________weareproud.8.Doyouremembertheday_________youjoinedourclub?underwhichatwhichby

whomwithoutwhichofwhich

onwhichofwhich

onwhich關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

Thereareoccasionswhen/onwhichonemustyield.

任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。Beijingistheplacewhere/inwhich

Iwasborn.

北京是我的出生地。

Isthisthereasonwhy/forwhich

herefusedouroffer?

這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why（含義相當(dāng)于介詞+which）關(guān)系副詞：1.連接主、從句2.指代先行詞（時間、地點、理由）3.在從句中充當(dāng)狀語在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞直恢复南刃性~關(guān)系副詞時間狀語表示時間的名詞when(相當(dāng)于at/on/in/during等介詞+which)地點狀語表示地點和場合的名詞where(相當(dāng)于in/at等介詞+which)原因狀語reasonwhy(相當(dāng)于forwhich)when-時間狀語先行詞是表示時間的名詞，如time,day,hour,year,morning,afternoon，week等，既可能用when引導(dǎo)，也可能用that/which引導(dǎo)，關(guān)鍵要看關(guān)系詞在定從中作何種成分。I’llneverforgettheday

when/onwhich

wefirstmeteach.Hecameatatime

when/atwhich

wewerebadlyinneedofhelp.Doyoustillrememberthedays__________wespenttogetheronthefarm?Doyoustillrememberthedays__________wechattedwitheachotherallnight?that/whichwhenwhere-地點狀語先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如house,village,place,factory,room,school,city等，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在句中作地點狀語，定從用where引導(dǎo)；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語/賓語，則用that/which引導(dǎo)。Thisisthehouse

where(inwhich)hewasborn.Theschool

where(inwhich)mysisterisstudyingisnotfar.Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.where-指代抽象意義的地點名詞如果先行詞是表示抽象意義的地點名詞，如situation,case,point,position,stage,sentence,family,job等，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用where。1.Wewereputinaposition

wherewehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.2.Theyareinsuchasituation

whereeverythingisindisorder.3.Thepolicearelookingintothecase

wheretwoVIPswerekilled.4.Theywereatthepoint

where

theyhadtodecidewhattodonext.5.Canyoumakeasentence

wherethisverbcanbeused?why-原因狀語先行詞是reason，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語，定從用why引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞在定從中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)定從。Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)

hedidn’thandinhishomework.However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthat/whichmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.1.Asthesmallestchildinhisfamily,Mikeisalwayslongingforthe

time______heshouldbeabletobeindependent.2.Oppositeisthechurch,______youcanhearsomelovelymusic.3.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere

______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.4.Thebookhashelpedmealotinmydailycommunication,especially

atwork,_______agoodimpressionisamust.5.Thereason____hechangedhismindisclear.whenwherewherewherewhy6.Thisisthehouse______hewasborn.Thisisthehouse_____________helivesinfortenyears.7.Thereason_______hechangedhismindisclear.Iwon’tlistentothereason______________hehasgivenus.8.I’llneverforgetthedays____________

Ispentwithyou.

I’llneverforgetthedays__________

Iplayedbythesea.whywhich/that/不填wherethat/which/不填which/that/不填when判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞什么是狀語？修飾形容詞，副詞，動詞，句子的成分時間，地點，原因，程度，方式狀語Iamhappytoday.Istudiedintheclassroomfor10hoursyesterday.Forsomereason,Istudiedoutsidetheclassroomfor10hours.Iworkedveryhard.Iwenttoschoolbybus.去掉后語法完整判斷關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞分析從句是否完整。缺主語/賓語/定語------關(guān)系代詞完整------關(guān)系副詞判斷ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.

ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞1.找出先行詞，判斷是人是物2.找出從句，判斷是否完整。

（缺主/賓/定-關(guān)系代詞；完整-關(guān)系副詞）3.具體選定關(guān)系代/副詞在定語從句中最重要的就是要看定語從句中缺少什么成分.1Isthisfactory______youvisitedyesterday?Isthisthefactory_____youvisitedyesterday?Isthisthefactory_____youworkedtenyearsago?Awhich/thatBtheoneCwhere2Isthisthereason______hetoldyou?Isthisthereason______hetoldyouthetruth?AthatBwhy3Istillremembertheday____hestayedwithme.Istillremembertheday____hespentwithme.Awhich/thatBwhenBACABBA4Heisoneoftheboyswho_____well.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho____well.AstudiesBstudyBA“oneof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”做先行詞,定語從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

而“oneof＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”前有the或theonly修飾，定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。way(方式，方法)做先行詞Theway(that/which)

hetaughtmewasquitesimple.主，賓，表------that/which/X(賓語)

Thewayinwhich/that/X

heexplainedthequestionwasquitesimple.Thewayinwhich/that/Xhetalkedtohisparentsisveryrude.狀語

------that/inwhich/Xas引導(dǎo)的定從引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,as是關(guān)系代詞，先行詞是物。as&which的對比：1.which只可以放在后半句的開頭;as既可以放句首,也可以放后半句開始。2.which譯成“這件事，這，那”;as譯成“正如”。3.which的先行詞可以是單個詞/句子，as的先行詞多是句子。4.as主從句表達(dá)意義一致，which主從句含義相反。whichHecameverylate,whichwasunexpected.as引導(dǎo)的定從Shesaidthatsheplayedthemostimportantpartintheplay,whichmadealltheothersunpleasant.As

wasoftenthecase,hewaslateagain.Asweallknow,theearthmovesaroundthesun.=Theearthmovesaroundthesun,asweallknow/asisknowntoall.=Theearthmovesaroundthesun,whichweallknow/whichisknowntoall.先行詞必須是thesame,such或被thesame,such,too,soas等修飾。如句型：thesame…as，such…as…,asmany/much…as…Such

booksasyouboughtareuseless.引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句Itissuchabeautifulparkaseveryonewantstovisit.such…thatIhaveneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Heissuchalovelyboythateveryonelikeshim.Heissuchalovelyboyaseveryonelikes.such…that…&such…asHeissuchagoodteacher____weallloveandrespect.AthatB.asC.whoD.soBHeissuchagoodteacherthatweallloveandrespecthim.thesame…as&thesame…that當(dāng)先行詞被

thesame修飾時，關(guān)系詞既可以用

as，也可以用

that。。在表示具體事物時：thesameas

------同一類；thesamethat------同一個Thisis

thesameinstrument

thatIusedyesterday..這就是我昨天用過的那臺儀器。Thisis

thesameinstrument

asI