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Unit1Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow.Makechangeswhennecessary.Atatimewhentheneedisgrowingformentalhealthservices,manycountriesareunfortunatelycuttingbackonitsspending.Thereisanincreasingnumberofpeopleoutofwork.Butthewesternmediaoftenunfairlylabelthemaslazyandreliable.NowthattheflowofoilhasbeenstoppedbyBP,thempactofallthespilledoilandnaturalgasisstillbeingmeasured.Onceagainitsabilitytosteereconomicpolicywillbetestedagainsttheabilitytodeliveronservicesandprojectsaimedatgrowingtheeconomyandjobs.Housingpricesareincrediblyhightoday.Butheboughthishouseforasongaboutfiveyearsago.Aspeoplearecomplaininghighprices,especiallythoserelatedtodailynecessities,thegovernmentfeelsratherurgenttoholddowninflationrateimmediately.Undertheneweconomypolicyinvestorsareinvitedtobuyintostate-ownedenterprises.SinceaseriousgunshootingoccurredinArizonalastweek,securityconcernshavetrickleddowntoallplaces,includingresidentialbuildings.Socialunrestisadailyoccurrenceinthecountrynowadays.Itisinthelastplacewhenitcomestonvestmentformultinationalcompanies.EffortstobansmokinginChinaaresoeffectiveyet.Somechainsmokersneverthinkofquittingwhilemanyothershavebattledinvaintoquit.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB:AB financialinnovationA)Areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans(orcredit)orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks7stimuluspackage B)Anon-bankentityororganizationsuchasinvestmentcompaniesandmutualfundsthatinvestsinlargequantities.8overheating C)Alegalentitycreatedbyagovernmenttoundertakecommercialactivitiesonitsbehalf.6stamptax D)Thetradingofacorporation'sstockorothersecurities(e.g.bondsorstockoptions)byindividualswithpotentialaccesstonon-publicinformation.9E)Anindustrythatrequireslargeamountsofcapital,machineryandequipmenttoproducegoods.capital-intensivesectorF)Generationofnewandcreativeapproachestosecurities,moneymanagementorinvesting!state-runfirm G)Aneconomythatisexpandingsorapidlythattoomuchmoneyischasingtoofewgoodsandeconomistsfearariseininflation_.3creditcrisis H)taxleviedoncertainlegaltransactionssuchasthetransferofapropertysuchasbuilding,copyright,land,patent,andsecurities.institutionalinvestorI)Aplanoraseriesofmeasurestakenbyagovernmenttojump-startitsailingeconomy,generallyasapartofitsfiscalpolicy_210)insidertrading Unit2Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow:Thesearchforthechildwasscaledbaclsharplytoday,withalmostathirdofthevolunteersheadinghome.TheformerFederalReserveChairmansaysthereisariskthattheUScouldslipintoarecessionbyyear'send.TheCEOofthefirmsaidthattheywouldswitchpriorityfromtraditionallabor-intensiveproductstomorehi-techandvalue-addedones.Intheaftermathofthefinancialcrisisthegrouphasputonholdsomeofitsambitiousregionalexpansionplans.ToyotaMotorCorp.isofferingwidespreadjobbuyoutstoitsUSworkersforthefirsttimeandcuttingtheworkweekatsomeofitsAmericanplantsby10%tocontendwithfallingsales.Eventually,itmustmorphintoasystemthatfunctionsonstability,oritwillfailandcauseanunstoppablebreakdownandwidespreadhardship.Unfortunatelymostofthecentralbanksintheworldtodayarestillfirmlyunderthethumbofpoliticians.Thestockmarket'endurancecoulddependheavilyonwhethereconomicandcorporateperformanceremainsuncertain,orbeginsindicatingthattheeconomytrulyisoutofthewoodsSurvivorswereencouragedtotalkabouttheirhorribleexperiencestohelpthemcometotermswiththeflooddisaster.Othercountries—notablyAustralia—havealsoavoidedabustintheirhousingmarkets,andhaveinsteadseenpricesincreaseattenout.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththeexplanationsincolumnB:A Bdouble-diprecessionA)Aphysicalsubstance,suchasfoodgrainsandmetalswhichisinterchangeablewithanotherproductofthesametype,andwhichinvestorsbuyorsell,usuallythroughfuturecontracts]creditrating B)Ameasurethatexaminestheweightedaverageofpricesoffoodstuffs,oftenusedasanimportantfactortoassessthecostofliving9austerity C)Agovernmentpolicyofdeficit-cutting,lowerspending,andareductionintheamountofbenefitsandpublicservicesprovided,sometimescoupledwithincreasesintaxestopaybackcreditorstoreducedebt.3privatesector D)Acentralbankregulationthatsetstheminimumreserveseachcommercialbankmustholdtocustomerdepositsandnotes10protectivetariff E)Thepartoftheeconomythatisnotstatecontrolled,andisrunbyindividualsandcompaniesforprofit.4beggarthyneighborF)Anexpressionineconomicsdescribingpolicythatseeksbenefitsforonecountryattheexpenseofothers.Suchpoliciesattempttoremedytheeconomicproblemsinonecountrybymeanswhichtendtoworsentheproblemsofothercountries?commodity G)Apublishedrankingbasedondetailedfinancialanalysisbyacreditbureau,ofone'snancialhistory,specificallyasitrelatestoone'abilitytomeetdebtobligations.2sovereign-debtcrisisH)Acrisisinwhichanationalgovernmentowessomuchdebtthatitisunabletorepayorontheedgeofbankruptcy.8food-priceindexI)Atariffwhichtriestobanimportstostopthemcompetingwithlocalproducts5reserverequirementJ)Asituationwhereeconomicgrowthslidesbacktonegativeafterashort-livedgrowthandtheeconomymaymoveintoadeeperandlongerdownturn.Unit3Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow.Makechangeswhennecessary.Investorsfrombigcitiesarequicktosnapuprealestatesinthisboomingtownfortheirrisingfuturevalues.Therearealreadyclearsignalsthattheinvestorswillshiftawayfromthefinancialfirminlegaltrouble.Highinputcostsarelikelytoputpressure0nsteelpricesinthedomesticmarketevenifdemandstillremainshigh.TheprimeministersaidThursdaythatanewinternationalairportwillbebuiltinthesoutherncitytocatertotherisingnumberofpassengersandaircargoesthere.Manyeconomistsfearthatthecontractionofmoneysupplymaydryupfinancingneededforvariouseconomicactivities.ProfessorNilwas,however,quicktowarnthepublictobeontheirguardagainstthosecounterfeitsalreadyincirculationAcademyAwards,EmmyAwardsanddozensofprestigiousawardsfromprominentfilmfestivalsaroundtheworldattesttothestellarqualityofthefilmsbeingfeaturedattheannualWorldCommunityFilmFestival.AneighborhoodgroupinthedistrictplanstoholdafundraisertohelpchildrenpayoffoverduebookfinessothattheycanresumeusingtheirlibraryThewriter'fameshranklastyearbecausethepublicthoughthewasknocking

outsomanythings.Businessleadershaveurgedthegovernmenttosnapupfarmlandoverseastogrowbasicstaplesasabufferagainstsoaringfoodprices.TheVancouverteamvowedtogetbacktodoingthelittlethingsrightandknewitwouldadduptobigthings.Whathashappenedoverthepastfewyearsindicatesthatgreatpolitical,socialandeconomictransformationsarenthemaking.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththedefinitionsincolumnB.A 1)emergingmarketB A)Acontractthatpermitstheowner,dependingonthetypeofoptionheld,topurchaseorsellanassetatafixedpriceuntilaspecificdate.2)profitmarginB)Atheoreticalconstructthatrepresentseconomicprocessesbyasetofvariablesandasetoflogicalandquantitativerelationshipsbetweenthen103)consumerspendingC)Aneconomy,withfastgrowthratebutlowtomiddlepercapitaincome,hasopenedupitsmarketandintegrateditselfintotheglobaleconomy.14)consumerismD)Theprocessofmovingfromaperiodoflossesorlowprofitabilityintoamoreprofitablestageforafirm,industryoreconomy.85)disposableincomeE)Ratioofprofitaftertaxestocost-of-sales,oftenexpressedasapercentage,measuringtheprofitabilityofafirmandindicatingitscoststructure26)optionF)Portionofthebalanceofpaymentsconsistingofexportsandimportsofgoodsandservices,aswellastransferpaymentssuchasforeignaidgrants.97)economicrestructuringG)Theamountofmoneyspentbyhouseholds,measuredmonthly,makingupanimportantpartofaneconomy^8)turnaroundH)Thephenomenonofaneconomyshiftingfromamanufacturingtoaservicesectoreconomicbase.79)currentaccountI)Amovementequatingpersonalhappinesswithpurchasingmaterialpossessionsandconsumption.410)economicmodelJ)Theamountofincomelefttoanindividualaftertaxeshavebeenpaid,availableforspendingandsavingUnit42.Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelist

givenbelow.Makechangeswhennecessary.Chinawilladheretotheprincipleofdevelopinghightechnologyandrealizingindustrializationtostepupthecommercialization,industrializationandinternationalizationofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.Intherecentcrisisnobankscouldmanagetobailoutthecompaniesinfinancialpressure.IntermsoftheinformationfromtheUniverseheisapatheticandsometimesirritable,heislikeanostrichstickinghisheadinsandItwillbeuptotheboardtodecideiftheCEOshouldberemoved.Allourhopesrestuponthearrivaloftheshipment.Theplanhasalreadybeenworkedout,andcouldbeputintooperationatamoment'snotice.Thewholemachineryofcivilizationwillbreakdownifthisdoctrinewinsinthewar.Hisremarkshithomewhenhesaidthatwedidnotworkenough.SomeanalystssuspectedthatToyohadpulledstringstostifleprobesintoitsautoqualityproblems.Mercyisreachingouttothosewhohavenothingtogivebacktoyou.MatchthetermsincolumnAwiththeexplanationsincolumnB:A 1)freemarketcoalitiongovernmentdemonstrationeffectshealthinsurancenationalinterestpensionschemeB A 1)freemarketcoalitiongovernmentdemonstrationeffectshealthinsurancenationalinterestpensionschemeB Effectsonthebehaviorofindividualscausedbyobservationoftheactionsofothersandtheirconsequences.Aneconomicturmoilwherecompaniesgobankrupt,peoplearelaidoff,andmarketsaresluggish.Thereisalotofpanicinbothbusinessanddailylives9Amarketinwhichthereisnoeconomicinterventionbythestateexcepttoenforceprivatecontractsandtheownershipofproperty.1Aqualifiedretirementplansetupbyacorporation,laborunion,government;orotherorganizationforitsemployees6Aformofcollectivismbymeansofwhichpeoplecollectivelypooltheirrisk,inthiscasetheriskofincurringmedicalexpenses.4Theabilitytoobtainwhatonewantsthrougheconomicorculturalmeans.Itallowsnationstoexerttheirinfluencewithoutusingmilitarymeansorcoercion8Afightorcontentionforterritory,power,control,orresourcesbetweentowmorepartiesinaplaceorarea.7turfwarsoftpowereconomiccrunchThingsofgreatimportancetoanation,includingitsgoals,visionsandambitionsinpolitical,economic,culturalfields,etc.andactions,circumstances,anddecisionstoachievethem.turfwarsoftpowereconomiccrunchAcabinetofaparliamentarygovernmentinwhichseveralpartiescooperate.2Unit7Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow:Withhisexpandingwirelessbroadbandplan,ObamawantstoushereveryAmericanintothe'DigitalAge'.Schoolactivitiesstartwindingdownabouttwoweeksbeforetheendofsemester.Themansaidhecouldn'tcomeupwithanappropriateanswerjustatthetime.Everybodyissurethattheceaselessdrippingowaterwillintheendhollowoutastone.Theprogressivemovement,whichhadalreadybroughtimportantchangesinfederalpolicies,stoodonthevergeofculminationandfulf川mentThestatehassufferedsomuchloss.Thesmugglersshouldneverbeallowedtogetoffeasy.Afterproductionexpansion,thiscompanynowcanturnoutamilliontelevisionsetsamonth.Thepreeminentwriter'spersonalappearancepickedupthesalesofthebookconsiderablyThenewlyannouncedcreditpolicymayhelpmanyfamily-ownedbusinessesgetthroughthetoughtimesatpresent..Thegovernmenthasimposeddrasticeconomiccontrolstohokeoffinflation.Toexecutefull-costaccounting,companiesmusaccountforthetruecostoftheirproducts.EconomistsarenotsooptimisticbecausethereisnosignthattherecessionhasbottomedoutMatchthetermsincolumnAwiththeexplanationsincolumnB:A B bondholder a)Ameasureofacompany'sfinancialhealth,whichequalscashreceiptsminuscashpaymentsoveragivenperiodoftime.6creditor b)Afinancialassetwhosevaluehasfallensignificantlyandwhichfailsgeneratecashflowandisworthmuchlessthanexpected?dealership c)Anentity(personorinstitution)thatextendscreditbygivinganotherentitypermissionto

health-careexpensesmanufacturingcapacitynetcashflowhealth-careexpensesmanufacturingcapacitynetcashflowbadassethotproductssubsidiary#taskforceAunitspeciallyorganizedtoworkonasingledefinedtask10Abusinesscompanythatisownedorcontrolledbyanotherlargercompany9ApersonowningabondorbondsissuedbagovernmentorapubliccompanylMoneyusedforthepreservationofmentalandphysicalhealthbypreventingortreatingillnessthroughservicesofferedbythehealthprofession4Volumeofproductsorservicesthatcanbegeneratedbyaproductionplantorenterpriseinagivenperiodbyusingcurrentresources.Abusinessestablishedoroperatedunderanauthorizationtosellordistributeacompanygoodsorserviceinaparticularare3Productsthatareextremelypopulousamongconsumersandnormallyselllikehotcakesinthemarket.8Unit81.Fillineachblankofthefollowingsentenceswithoneofthephrasesinthelistgivenbelow.Makechangeswhennecessary.Whenthestarletwasaskedabouthernewboyfriend,shecouldn'helpbutgushabouthimandtheirintimateplansforValentine's.DayTheleakingofasmanyas251,000StateDepartmentdocuments,includingsecretembassyreportsfromaroundtheworld,isnothingshortofapoliticalmeltdownforUSforeignpolicy.Withverycriticalviewsonthegovernmenteconomicpolicies,sheoftenpalsaroundwiththosescholarswhoalsotakeratherradicalstanceoneconomicissues.Itishightimeforeveryoneinthedepartmenttokickintofullgearandfulfilloursalesquotabytheendoftheyear.Themotherdidwhateverpossibletopreventhersonfromhangingoutwiththeguywhoshethoughtwasuptonothinggood.ObamasvictoryintheelectionwasviewedbymanyasprogressintheUnitedStates.ButIthinkhisethnicityisbesidethepointTheneighborssaidwhathappenedwastotallyoutofcharacterforthewomantheyknewasquietandfriendlyUnfortunately,thefirmhasnotbeenabletopare)productioncosttothelevelthatmatchesitscompetitorsinthemarket.Onthebackofstrongcorporateearningsreportsfromanumberoffirmslastweek,coupledwiththeimprovingunemploymentrate,investorsentimentwasbolsteredonthefirsttradingdayoftheweek.TheteamisexpectedtotakeavotetonightthatcoulcSetinmotionanewplantorevitalizethefinancialmarket.Itwasalongtimebeforeourbusinesspartnerscouldcatchontowhatwereallyintended.Asashrewdman,hesucc