廣東自考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)測(cè)驗(yàn)題

2011年1月廣東省高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)問(wèn)卷課程代碼06422)I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.The3branchesofphoneticsarelabeledarticulatoryphonetics,auditoryphonetics,andaphonetics.When2differentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,theyaresaidtobeinampair.Rmotivationreferstothefactthatlearnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurposes.LaterNoamChomskyprefersthisinnateendowmentasUG,i.e.UGrammar.In"NP—(Deg)A(pp) ",thedotsintheruleindicatethatothercoptionsareavailable.Thearticulatoryapparatusofhumanbeingarecontainedin3importantareas:thepcavity，theoralcavity,andthenasalcavity.Lreferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.Hreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.Thedescriptionofalanguageatagivenpointintimeisasstudy.Thestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunicationiscalledp.Thestructurecorrespondingtothefinalsyntacticoutputofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformationsiscalledsstructure.Thetermd,firstusedbyFergusonin1959,referstoasociolinguisticsituationsimilartobilingualism.Learners'independentsystemofthesecondlanguagewhichisofneitherthesecondlanguageisknownasi.Thesound[p]inpitispronouncedwithastrongpuffofair,whichissaidtobea.Cmodelstatesthatinwordcomprehensionwordsareanalyzedbyhearersfrombeginningtoend.Sisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticformandisthecollectionofallthefeaturesofthelinguisticform.MajorlexicalcategoriesareNoun,Verb,Adjective,andP.Sisthesub-fieldoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlinguisticandsocietybetweentheusesoflanguageandsocialstructures.Pisconcernedwiththeprogressoflanguagecomprehensionandproduction.Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesing.II.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.—referstothestudyoftheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.A.SyntaxB.EtymologyC.LexicologyD.Morphologyaimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.A.PhoneticsB.PhonemicsC.PhonologyD.PhonotacticsLanguagereferstoanaturalabilityforlearningasecondlanguage.A.aptitudeB.competenceC.performanceD.attitude24.isapersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.A.IdiolectB.PidginC.SociolectD.Creole1/10.A(n)isawordformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords,e.g.smog.A.back-formationB.blendC.abbreviationD.clipping.Thetraditionalandtheonlywaytostudythebraininthepastwasthroughstudies.A.experimentalB.surgicalC.autopsyD.observational.referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.Differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.A.PolysemyB.SynonymC.HomophoneD.Homonymy.Thearrowinthephrasestructurerule"SfNPVP"isreadas.A.isequaltoB.generatesC.hasD.consistsof29.ofneighbouringsoundis,forthemostpart,causedbyarticulatoryorphysiologicalprogress.A.AssimilationB.FormalizationC.DerivationD.Patterning30.Thedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetcultureiscalledmotivation.A.instrumentalB.resultativeC.integrativeD.intrinsic31Therearedifferenttypesofaffixesprmorphemes.Theaffix"ed"intheword"learned"isknownasa(n)__.A.derivationalmorphemeB.freemorphemeC.inflectionalmorphemeD.freeform32.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzedthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobeA.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronic.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby—in1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.KHalliday.Ofthefollowingsoundcombination,only ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.A.mibleB.bmilC.imlbD.ilbmWhichofthefollowingEnglishwordsisformedbyclipping?A.smogB.UNESCOC.baby-sitD.discoOfthefollowingwords,belongstotheopenclassword.A.emaiB.butC.theD.theyThesenserelationforthepairofwords"doctorandpatient"is—A.synonymyB.hyponymyC.antonymyD.homonymyInlearningaforeignlanguage,instancesofmothertongueinterferencecanbefoundactthelevelof.A.pronunciationB.vocabularyC.syntaxD.alloftheaboveAccordingtoF.deSaussure,referstothesystemoflanguage.A.langueB.paroleC.competenceD.performance.Theutterance"We'realreadyworking25hoursaday,8daysaweek"obviouslyviolatesthemaximof A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.mannerIII.Trueoffalsejudgement(20%)Judgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.WriteTinyecorrespondingbracketforatruestatementandFforafalseone..Damagetopartsofthebraininfrontofthecentralsulcuswillcausefluentaphasia..D-structureisformedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead'ssupercanonizationproperties.2/10.Anillocutionactistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.Itistheconsequenceoftheutterance..TheLADwasdescribedasanimaginary"blackbox"whichissaidtocontainrulesthatarespecificonlytohumanlanguages..Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuresemanticstoanalyzelexicalwordmeaning..Gardenpathsentenceisanawkwardsentencethatmisleadsthespeakersandtakesthemdownthegardenpathtoawrongdirection..Acronymsarewordsderivesfromtheinitialsandendingofseveralwords..Diglossiareferstothedialecthavingtodowithseparationbroughtaboutbydifferentsocialconditions..Indailylifepeopleoftenseethesituationinwhichadultspeakdifferentlywhentalkingtolittlechildren,theyuseaspecialspeechcalledmotherese.50.PhonologyisthestudyofhowspeechsoundsareproducedbyhumanspeechorgansIV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)51.broadtranscriptionvsnarrowtranscription52.selectionrestriction53.speechacttheory.CriticalPeriodHypothesis.Drawatreediagramforthesurfacestructureof"Amanwillfindthedog"V.Writeapassageof120-150wordsonthefollowingtopic.(15%)56.Whatarethemajorviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning?部分參考答案：1.acoustic2.minimal3.Resultative4.Uplement6.pharyngeal7.Langue8.Hyponymy9.synchronic10.pragmatics11.surface12.diaglossia13.Interlanguage14.aspirated15.Cohort16.Sense17.Preposition18.Siciolinguistics19.Psycholinguistics20.general21.D22.C23.A24.A25.B26.C27.D28.D29.A30.C31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D36.A37.C38.D39.A40.A41.F42.F43.F44.T45.T46.F47.F48.F49.T50.F2011年10月廣東省高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)問(wèn)卷(課程代碼06422)I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.Thetotalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshislinguisticr.Imotivationreferstolearnerslearningthesecondlanguageforenjoymentorpleasurefromlearning.Thephonetictranscription,ntranscription,isnormallyusedbyphoneticianstogiveminuteanddetaileddescriptionsofspeechsounds.Thewaythatnewwordsarecoinedfromalreadyexistingwordsby“subtracting“anaffibepartoftheoldwordiscalledb.Themeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponentscalledsemanticf.Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturaltacrossgenerations.Pisthestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.Whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideaparttoletairgothroughwithoutvibration,thesoundsthusproducedarev.3/10Thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyisnamedasthescommunity.AccordingtoN.Chomsky,creferstotheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.Preferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Thenotionofcisessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledfaphasia.Thecviewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.Lexicaldtaskisakindofexperimentpsycholinguisticsemploytoinvestigatelexicalaccess.Atheorywhichexplicitlyemploysthenotion“concept”isthesemantictproposedbyOgdenandRichardsintheirbookTheMeaningofMeaning.Clear[l]anddark[l]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/l/.Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeincdistribution.Sincethereareoftenintermediateformsbetweenthetwomembersofanantonymouspair,sotheyarecalledgantonyms.Sisconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Atexperimentisatechniquethatisusedtostudythedeterminantsofsentenceprocessingdifficulty.II.Multiplechoice(15%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.phrasesB.sentencesC.morphemesD.utteranceTheconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:A.voiceless,bilabial,stopB.voiceless,labiodental,fricativeC.voiced,bilabial,stopD.voiced,labiodental,fricative23.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled.A.universallinguisticsB.commonlinguisticsC.prescriptivelinguisticsD.generallinguistics24.Inthephrasestructurerule"S—NPVP”,thearrowcanbereadas.A.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generates.Theillocutionarypointofistoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.A.representativesB.commissivesC.expressivesDdeclarations.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedbyin1957.A.L.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.F.Halliday.motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.A.InstrumentalB.FunctionalC.IntegrativeD.Social.Whiledifferentwordsmayhavethesameorsimilarmeaning,thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Thiskindofwordsarecalled.A.polysemicwordsB.homographsC.homonymsD.synonyms.Thetermlinguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangesovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.4/10A.synchronicB.diachronicC.comparativeD.historicalcomparative30.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherinthelate50’softhe20thcentury.A.M.A.F.HallidayB.L.BloomfieldC.J.SearleD.J.Austinfthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesforcorrectandstandardbehaviorinusinglanguage,itissaidtobe.A.descriptiveB.prescriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronicnthecaseofspit,theconsonant[p]issaidtobe.A.aspiratedB.voicedC.unaspiratedD.unprounceable33.Whattheelement“-es”indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement“-ed”pasttense,and"-ing”progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitsoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealsoA.phonemesB.phonesC.allophonesD.morphemes34.Synoymousareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thiskindtowhich‘girl'and‘lass’belongiscalledsynonyms.A.stylisticB.dialectalC.emotiveD.collocationalnaspeechcommunityPeoplehavesomethingincommon:alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit..A.sociallyB.linguisticallyC.culturallyD.pragmaticallyIII.Trueoffalsejudgement(20%)Theinteractionistviewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops.Acreoleissaidtobeformedwhenapidginhasbecometheprimarylanguageofaspeechcommunity,andisacquiredbythechildrenofthatspeechcommunityastheirnativelanguage.Gardenpathsentenceisanawkwardsentencethatmisleadsthespeakersandtakesthemdownthegardenpathtoawrongdirection.Aphonemeisthesmallestlinguisticunitofsoundthatcandistinguishtwowords.Registerreferstothetypeofutterancewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeoftypology.Phonologystudiesthefunctioningofthespeechsounds.PredicationanalysiswasproposedbytheBritishlinguistJ.Searletoanalyzethemeaningofutterance.Specifiershavebothspecialsemanticandsyntacticrolessincetheyhelpmakemoreprecisethemeaningoftheheadandmarkaphraseboundary.Differentlanguageofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisalsoknownaslinguisticrelativity.Metacognitivestrategiesdealwiththewaysidelearnersinteractorcommunicatewithotherspeakers,nativeornon-native.IV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly(25%)derivationalmorphemeIPA(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)culturaltransmissionDeepStructurevs.SurfaceStructureThenamingtheoryV.Essayquestion(20%)5/10

AccordingtoAustin,whatarethethreeactsapersonispossiblyperformingwhilemakinganutterance?Giveanexample.參考答案5.features6.transmission7.Phon12.context13.fluent29.B 30.C5.features6.transmission7.Phon12.context13.fluent29.B 30.C16.triangle".complementary 18.gradable19.Sense20.timed-reading21.C22.B23.D 24.B25.C 26.C 27.C28.A31.B32.C33.D 34.B 35.B36.T37.T38.F39.T40.F41.T 42.F43.T44.T 45.F46.Morphemesthatchangethemeaningorlexicalcategoryofthewordstowhichtheyattach.47.Itisastandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemofphonetictranscription.48.Whilehumancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,i.e.,wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,thedetailsofanylanguagesystemarenotgeneticallytransmittedbutinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearned.Languageispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughteachingandlearning,ratherthanbyinstinct49.Thefirst,formedbytheXPruleinaaccordancewiththehead'ssubcategorizationproperties,iscalleddeepstmcture.Thesecond,correspondingtothefinalsyntacticformofthesentencewhichresultsfromappropriatetransformations,iscalledsurfacestructureOneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,andalsoaveryprimitiveone,wasthenamingtheoryproposedbytheancientGreekscholarPlato.Thewordsusedinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor.locutionaryact theactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.It ”sanactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexicon,andphonology.Namely.,theactofsayingsomething:theutteranceofasentencewithdeterminatesenseandreference.（言內(nèi)行為指的是用句子來(lái)敘述，報(bào)告，描寫(xiě)。言內(nèi)行為指話語(yǔ)過(guò)程本身，諸如：句法，詞匯與發(fā)言等 。 ）illocutionaryact theactofexpressingthespeaker ?sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething;itsforceisidenticalwiththespeaker ”sintention.Themakingofastatement,offerpromise,etc,inutteringasentence,byvirtueoftheconventionalforceassociatedwithit.theactofusingasentencetoperformafunctionsuchascommand,request,etc（言外行為是指說(shuō)話過(guò)程中通過(guò)話語(yǔ)的一些約定俗成的關(guān)聯(lián)力量進(jìn)行陳述，承諾等。說(shuō)話帶有目的性。） ?perlocutionaryact—theactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething,it ”stheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance;itistheactperfomedbysayingsomething,thebringingaboutofeffectsontheaudiencebymeansofutteringthesentence,sucheffectsbeingspecialtothecircumstances.theresultsoreffectsthatareproducedbymeansofsayingsth（言后行為是指行為本身就是講話的結(jié)果。即講話所產(chǎn)生的情感，思想，行動(dòng)等的某種反應(yīng)。 《Illocutionaryforce:theintentonorpurposeunderlyingtheactofsayingsth.（speaker ”smeaning）e.g.YouhaveleftthedoorwideopenThelocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhathehasutteredallthewords“you”“have”“door”“open”etc.andexpressedwhatthewordsliterallymean.locutionary:utteranceofallthewordTheillocutionaryactperformedbythespeakeristhatbymakingsuchanutterance,hehasexpre6/10ssedhisintentionofspeaking,i.e.askingsb.toclosethedoor.“omakingacomplaintTheprelocutionaryactreferstotheeffectoftheutterance.Ifthehearergetsthespeakersmessageandseesthespeakermeanstoasksomeonetoclosethedoor,thespeakerhassuccessfullybroughtaboutthechangeintherealworldhehasintendedto;thentheprelocutionaryactissuccessfullyperformed.perlocutionary:thehearerclosethedoororhisrefusaltocomplywiththerequest7/102012年10月廣東省高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)問(wèn)卷(課程代碼06422)I.Blank-filling(20%)Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.Threebranchesofphoneticsarearticulatoryphonetics,aphonetics,andacousticphonetics.Thewordaroundwhichaphraseisformedistermedhead,andthewordsontherightsideoftheheadsarec.Hreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,i.e.,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.Sreferstothelinguisticvarietycharacteristicofaparticularsocialclass.Therearetwotypesofadyslexia:phonologicaldyslexiaandsurfacedyslexia.Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisknownaslinguisticr.Themostbasicandthesmallestmeaningfulelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledm.Theiviewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichhedevelops.Cdeterminesthespeaker,suseoflanguageandalsothehearer,sinterpretationofwhatissaidtohimIfthelinguisticstudyaimslaydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage,i.e.totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobep.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled“v”.Rmeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld.Areferstoanumberofacquiredlanguagedisorderduetothecerebrallesionscausedbyvascularproblems,atumor,anaccidentandsoon.MinorLexicalCategoriesrefertoD,Degreeword,Qualifier,AuxiliaryandConjunction.Linguisticsisascientificstudybecauseitisbasedonthesinvestigationoflinguisticdata.Grammaticaloffunctionalwordsarereferredtoasbeingcclasswords.Apisaspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.Aarewordsderivedfromtheinitialsofseveralwords,suchasWTO.Imotivationreferstothedrivethatpeoplelearnaforeignlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.Chomskyusesthetermptorefertotheactualrealizationoftheknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.II.Multiplechoice(20%)Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.Differentfromcontrastiveanalysis,gavelessconsiderationtolearners,nativelanguage.A.negativetransferB.mistakeanalysisC.positiveanalysisD.erroranalysisThesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyiscalledthe.A.publicsocietyB.commongroupC.speechcommunityD.speechgroupEnglishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintwoways:oneisintermsofofarticulationandtheotherisintermsofplaceofarticulation.A.forceB.positionC.mannerD.pattern8/10.analysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.A.ComponentialB.ContrastiveC.ComparativeD.Inflection.Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.A.morphemesB.elementsC.segmentsD.constituents.motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguageinordertocommunicatewithnativespeakersofthetargetlanguage.A.PositiveB.IntegrativeC.InstrumentalD.Intrinsic.Thewordsontheleftsideoftheheadsaresaidtofunctionas.A.modifiersB.qualifiersC.specifiersD.determiners.ThefollowingsoundsbelongtothesamenaturalclassEXCEPT.A.[t]B.[s]C.[p]D.[k].ThesentencethathasaNPandaPPcanbeshowninaformula"S—NPPP”.A.hierarchicalB.treediagramC.verticalD.linear.Ifalinguisticstudyaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobe .A.prescriptiveB.descriptiveC.synchronicD.diachronic.Therelationshipbetween“flower"and"rose”is.A.homonymyB.hyponymyC.polysemyD.synonymy.Thepairofwords“east"and"west"is.A.gradableantonymsB.co-hyponymsC.complementaryoppositeD.relationalopposites.WhichofthefollowinghypothesisisputforwardbyEricLenneberg?A.CriticalPeriodHypothesisB.InputHypothesisC.Sapir-WhorfHypothesisD.LanguageAcquisitionDeviceHypothesis.X:JohnhastakenpartintheLondonOlympicGames.Y:Johnisasportsman.Thesenserelationbetweentheabovesentencesis .A.XentailsYB.XisinconsistentwithYC.XpresupposesYD.XissynonymouswithY.Theword“unreasonably”consistsofmorphemes.A.4B.3C.5D.2.occurswhentheCooperativePrincipleisviolated.A.LocutionaryactB.IllocutionaryactC.ConversationalimplicatureD.Intralingualerror.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentthatoccursinthesameplaceinthestring,thetwosoundcombinationsaresaidtoforma .A.adjacencypairsB.minimalpairsC.complementarypairsD.similarpairs.”Brunch”isawordformedby.A.clippingB.back-formati