經(jīng)濟學原理i09秋季期中

期中考試1（A卷答案）注意：請將所有題目的答案寫在答題冊上，寫在本試題紙上一律無效。一、判斷題（判斷并簡要說明理由，必要時可以用圖形。每題4分，共24分錯誤。你小說的機會成本是用這20其他物品或服務帶給你的好處（可能大于或等于20。（注：答20也算對）Ifacertaintradeisgoodforone ,itcan’tbegoodfortheotherone.False.Tradecanmakebothsidesbetteroff.市場價格P>P’下，企業(yè)也可以選擇這一數(shù)量Q’并取得高于降價后的利潤。。IfmoreAmericansgoonalow-carbdiet,thedemandforbreadwillfall.Thedecreaseinthedemandforbreadwillcausethepriceofbreadtofall.Thelowerprice,however,willthenincreasethedemand.Inthenewequilibrium,Americansmightendupconsumingmorebreadthantheydidinitially.False.Ifthedemandforbreadfalls,theequilibriumpriceofbreaddoesindeedfall(frompointPtoP’).Andthefallingpriceindeedcausesariseintyofbreaddemanded(illustratedbyamovementalongthenewdemandcurve,fromFtoE’).Butatthesametime,thefallingpricealsocausesareductionintyofbreadd(movingalongthesupplycurve,FromEtoE’).Infact,itisthosetwomovementsthateliminatetheinitialsurplus(betweenFandE)causedbythedecreaseindemand.Fromsupplyside,weknowthat,atthenewequilibrium,thetyd,andthentydemanded,mustdecreaseratherthanincrease;although,fromdemandside,itislargerthanwhenthepricehasnotfallen(atpointF).(Seethegraphbelow)Allthekeyargumentsareneededtogetafullscore.EE LoversofclassicalmusicpersuadeCongresstoimposeapriceceilingof$40perconcertticket.Asaresultofthis,morepeopleattendclassicalmusicconcerts.False.Althoughtheincreasesthetydemandedforclassicalmusic-morepeoplewanttoattendthoseconcerts,thealsodecreasesthetydofit.Andbecauseofthis,theequilibriumtyofconcertsisevensmallerandpeoplehurtfromthe.二、選擇題（每題3分，共42分。每題只有一個正確答案。的評價是50。則你去看克萊普頓演唱會的機會成本是：0104050在生產(chǎn)可能性邊界上，人類社會清潔環(huán)境與生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的權(quán)衡取舍?，F(xiàn)在，技術(shù)進步甲乙丙EnglandandScotlandbothproducesconesandsweaters.SupposethatanEnglishworkercanproduce50sconesperhouror1sweaterperhour.SupposeaScottishworkercanproduce40sconesperhouror2sweatersperhour.IfEnglandandScotlanddecidetotrade,whichcommoditywillScotlandtradetoEngland?Thepriceofsweaterscanbeexpressedintermsofscones.Whatisthehighestpriceatwhichsweaterscanbetradedthatwouldmakebothcountriesbetteroff?Whatisthelowestprice?Scones;50;Sweaters;50;Scones;0.05,Sweaters;0.05,“水泊梁山”有三條好漢，、和。打得最好，柴砍得最好，宋江柴砍得沒有好但比好，魚打得沒有好但比好。則以下方案中，在（.（1.（1方案ConsiderthemarketsforDVDmovies,TVscreens,andticketsatmovietheaters.SupposeatechnologicaladvancereducesthecostofmanufacturingTVscreens,thenthesalesofDVDS ,andthesalesofmovieticketswill increase,decrease,increase,decrease, 人們看病時自我支付的金額最終會 ，社會總體上花在看病上的金額最終 Severalyearsago,floodingalongtheMissouriandMississippiriversdestroyedthousandsofacresofwheat.Supposethedemandforwheatisinelasticwithregardtoprice.Thenfarmerswhosecropsweredestroyedbythefloodswere ,butfarmerswhosecropswerenotdestroyedwere .Farmersasagroupwere betteroff,betteroff;betterworseoff,betteroff;eitherbetterofforworseworseoff,worseoff;worseworseoff,betteroff;better三、問答題（3小題，34分MarketequilibriumandernmentPolicies(7Marketresearchhasrevealedthefollowinginformationaboutthemarketforchocolatebars:ThedemandschedulecanberepresentedbytheequationQD=1,600-300P,whereQDisthetydemandedandPistheprice.ThesupplyschedulecanberepresentedbytheequationQS=1,400+700P,wehreQSisthetyd.Calculatetheequilibriumpriceandtyinthemarketforchocolatebars.(2points)Equilibriumoccurswheretydemandedisequaltotyd.Thus:QD=QS,or1,600–300P=1,400+whichresultsP=$0.20,QD=QS=Theequilibriumpriceofachocolatebaris$0.20andtheequilibriumtyis1,540Chocolateproducerspersuadetheernmentthatchocolatebarsareimportantforpeople’shealth.The ernmentdecidestoimposeapricefloor$0.50.HowmanyChocolatesaresold?Doyouthinkthisindeedhelptoimprovepeople’shealth?(2points)Thewillcauseashortageofchocolatebars.ThetysoldwillbedeterminedsolelybythedemandasQ=1,600-300*0.5=1,450.People’shealthwillnotbeimprovedasaresult.Nowsupposetheernmentinsteadbelievesthatchocolateisharmfultohealth,anddecidestocea$0.20taxonit.HowmanyChocolatesaresoldnow?Whatisthepricepaidbychocolatebuyers?Thepricereceivedbyproducers?(3points)Supposethetaxiscedonbuyers.(Resultwillbethesameifassumedbeingcedonsellers.)Theequilibriumequation wheretisthetaxsize.Thatis,1,498chocolatebarswillbesold,andthepricepaidbybuyersis0.34andreceivedbyproduceris需求彈性與“單向”（13分的維持不變，但取消對接聽的。機。在方式改變之前，移動通訊公司的一項發(fā)現(xiàn)，撥打的接聽率遠小于1。假定接聽者的需求價格彈性（絕對值）為x。當接聽者支付的價格下降1％時，其需求？（變化足夠小，總收益變化的百分比等于需求量變化的百分比減去價格變化的百分（2分）x應該在什么范圍，才能使得移動通訊公司的總收益上升？還是任何范圍都不可能？（2分）【注】變化百分比是相對于“雙向”時撥打或者接聽各自的總收益而言的——此時來自撥打與接聽的綜合以上分析，你認為將“雙向”改為“單向”有可能使得移動通訊公司獲益嗎？你能給出使之獲益的最大可能的（初始）接聽率嗎？“單向”是使得的理由。（3分）是。最大初始接聽率為50%。這樣在最樂觀估計下，單項使得接聽率上升到100%。手根據(jù)剛才的分析，將接聽降到使得接聽率足夠接近1（或不再上升）時，是企業(yè)可能的即可以得分（1分）明接聽率的變動很可能不影響撥打者的撥打次數(shù)，也就是說，忽略接聽變動對撥打者的影響是合理的。（1分）（1分公司獲益的可能性是增加了還是減少了（第（4）問）？解釋你的答案。（2分）在更小的需求價格彈性下移動通訊公司就可以獲利。（1分）50%1倍的通話量，其獲益可能性增加了。（1分）稅與禁毒（14分限，只能繳獲產(chǎn)量的一半，即率為50%。另一種是允許但要繳納稅金，假定稅率為中買方支付價格的50%。（1分E如