研究生英語翻譯

Unit4TheLastChapter“Iloveyou,”“我愛你，鮑勃。”“Iloveyou,too,”“我也愛你，南希。”Itwas2a.m.andIwashearingmyparents'voicesthroughthethinwallseparatingmybedroomfromtheirs.Theirlovingreassurancesweresweet,touching-andsurprising.人愉悅，令人感動，卻也著實令人吃驚。MyparentsmarriedonSeptember14,1940,afterabriefcourtship.Shewasnearing30andknewitwastimetostartafamily.Thehandsome,well-educatedmanwhocamebytheofficewheresheworkedlookedlikeagoodbet.Hewascaptivatedbyherfigure,herblueeyes.Theromancedidn'tlastlong.1940年9月1430歲了，她覺得是到了該建立家庭的時候了。當那個英俊、受過良好教育的那的身體和那雙藍色的眼睛所吸引。但這段羅曼史并沒有持續(xù)太長時間。Seedsofdifferencesproutedalmostimmediately.Shelikedtotravel;hehatedthethoughtHelovedgolf;shedidnot.HewasaRepublican;sheanardentDemocrat.Theyfoughtatthebridgetable,atthedinnertable,overmoney,overtheperceivedfailingsoftheirrespectivein-laws.Tomakemattersworse,theyownedabusinesstogether,andtheeverydayfrustrationsoflifeattheofficecametoroostathome.她卻不感興趣：他是共和黨派，而她支持民主黨。他們總是不停地吵架，從橋牌桌上吵到飯桌上，為錢吵，互相埋怨對方的親戚。更糟糕的是，他們共同經(jīng)營了一份生意，每天工作上的不如意同樣會被帶回家吵。Therewasahopethattheywouldchangeoncetheyretired,andthefuriouswindsdidcalmsomewhat,butwhatremainedsteeleditselfintobright,hardbitterness.“Ialwaysthoughtwe’d?”mymotherwouldbegin,beforelaunchingintoapreciselistingofmyfather’sfaults.Thelitanywasrecitedsooften,Icanreelitoffbyhearttoday.Ashelistened,myfatherwouldmutterangrythreatsandcurses.Itwasamiserableduet.地一邊威脅，一邊嘟嚷著難聽的罵人話。那可真是最糟糕的二重奏。Itwasntthehappiestmarriage,butastheir60thanniversaryapproached,mysisterandIdecidedtothrowaparty.Sixtyyearswasalongtime,afterall;whynottrytomakethebestofthings?We'dprovidethecake,theballoons,thetoasts,andtheydabidebyonerule:nofighting.雖然父母的婚姻并不是最幸福的，但我們姐妹倆還是決定在他們結(jié)婚60年時舉辦一個派對。畢竟，60年夠長了，為什么不好好諾：不再吵架。Thetrucewashonored.Wehadawonderfulday.Inhindsightitwasanimportantcelebration,becausesoonafter,thingsbegantochangeformyparents.Asdebilitatingdementiasettledin,theirmarriagewasabouttheonlythingtheywouldntlose.停戰(zhàn)協(xié)定兌現(xiàn)了，60周年紀念日那天，大家都過得非常愉快?，F(xiàn)在肴來，那次癥狀在二老身上逐漸顯現(xiàn)出來，到后來，除了對方，他們什么都不記得了。Itbeganwhentheirmemoriesstartedtofade.Addedtothefrequenthouse-widehuntsforglassesandcarkeyswerethegroceriesleftbehindonthecounter,noticesofbillsleftunpaid.Soonmyparentscouldn’tremembernamesoffriends，thenoftheirgrandchildren.Finallythey’trememberthattheyhadgrandchildren.東西落在收銀臺，而且總是忘記支付賬單。很快他們連朋友和自己孫子的名字也忘了，最后甚至不記得自己有孫子。Thesecriseswouldhaveatonetimesetthemateachsbutnowtheyactedasateam,helpingeachotherwithsearches,consolingeachotherwith“Everyonedoes”or“Itsnothing;yourejust”Theyfoundnewroles—bolsteringeachotheragainstthefearofloss.你死我活了?？涩F(xiàn)在，他們卻像團隊一樣緊密合作，幫對方找東西，互相安慰：助對方戰(zhàn)勝失憶的恐懼。Financialcontrolwasthenextthingtogo.Foralloftheirmarriage,myparentsstubbornlykeptseparateaccounts.Sharingbeingunthinkablethey’ddevisedfinancialarrangementssoelaboratetheycouldtriggerwaratanytime.He,forexample,wastopayforeverythingoutsidethehouse;sheforwhateverwentoninside.Thewho-paysdilemmawassocomplexforonetripthattheyfinallygaveuptravelingentirely.的戰(zhàn)爭。難題太復雜了，以至于他們一次旅行都難以實現(xiàn)，最終不得不徹底放棄。Itookoverthebooks.Nownooneknewhowthingsgotpaid;noonesawhowthecolumnsthatspelledtheirfortunescompared.NextIhiredahousekeeper.Cookingandcleaning,choresmymotherhadlongcomplainedabout,weresuddenlygone.Finally—on’—weclearedthehouseofalcohol,thefuelthatturnedmorethanonequarrelintoaragingfire.們的名下分別還有多少財產(chǎn)。然后我雇了個管家給他們煮飯，幫他們打掃屋子。地步。Youcouldsaymyparents‘liveshadbeenwhittledaway,thattheycouldnolongerengageinthebusinessofliving.Butatthesametime,somethingthathadbeenburieddeepwascomingupandtakingshape.Isawitwhenmyfathercamehomeafterabriefhospitalstay.可以說，我父母的生命慢慢衰弱了，他們甚至連生活都不能自理。但同時，一些在他們心底埋藏很深的東西逐漸顯露廣出來。那還要從父親短暫住院后出院時說起。’dtriedtoexplainmy’sabsencetomymother,butbecauseofhermemory,shecouldnotkeepitinherheadwhyhehaddisappeared.Sheaskedagainandagainwherehewas,andagainandagainwetoldher.Andeachdayheranxietygrew.不見了，于是一遍遍地問我們父親在哪兒，我們就一遍遍地回答她。她的牽掛和擔憂與日俱增。WhenIfinallybroughthimhome,weopenedthefrontdoortoseemymothersittingonthesofa.Ashesteppedintotheroom,sherosewithacry.Istayedbackasheslowlywalkedtowardherandshetowardhim.Astheyapproachedeachotheronlegsricketywithage,herhandsflutteredoverhisface.“Oh,thereyouare,”shesaid.“Thereyou”進屋里時，母親哭著站了起來。我站在原地，看著他們慢慢走向?qū)Ψ?。當他倆啊，你在這兒啊??”Idontdoubtthatifmymotherandfathermagicallyregainedtheiroldvigor,they’dbebackfighting.ButInowseethatsomethingcameofallthoseyearsofshareddays-Jdaysofsittingatthesametable,wakingtothesamesun,workingandraisingchildrentogether.Eventheveryfurytheylavishedoneachotherwasabrickinthisunseencreation,astructurethatrevealsitselfincreasinglyastheworldaroundthemfallsapart我想，如果父母恢復了往日的活力，他們肯定會繼續(xù)打架的。但現(xiàn)在，正是因為么多年風風雨雨一同走過：同坐在這張餐桌旁，共同迎接朝霞，一起工作，養(yǎng)育固的關系卻日益顯露出來。IntheearlymorningIonceagainheardthevoicesthroughthewall.“Whereare”Myfatherasked.“Idontknow,”mymotherrepliedsoftly.第二天淸晨，隔著墻壁，我又聽到他們的聲音。父親問道：“我們在哪兒”母親輕聲回答說：“我不知道?！盚owluckytheyare,Ithought,tohaveeachother.我在想，他們多么幸運，因為他們擁有彼此。Unit7TheBumIhadcometoVeraCruzfromMexicoCitytocatchoneoftheWardCompanyswhitecoolshipstoYucatan;andfoundtomydismaythat,adockstrikehavingbeendeclaredover-night,myshipwouldnotputin.IwasstuckinVeraCruz.魯斯。ItookaroomintheHotelDiligenciasoverlookingtheplazaandspentthemorninglookingatthesightsofthetown.Havingseenallthatwastobeseen.1satdowninthecoolnessofthearcadethatsurroundedthesquareandorderedadrink.Iwatchedthepeoplecrossingthesquare;Negroes.Indians.Creoles,andSpanish,themotleypeopleoftheSpanishMain;andtheyvariedincolorfromebonytoivory.著人們在廣場上穿梭，黑人、印度人、克里奧耳人、西班牙人，還有來自美洲大陸加勒比海沿岸的混色人種；他們的膚色從黑色到象牙色，深淺不一。Myattentionwasattractedbyabeggarwhohadhairandbeardofaredsovividthatitwasstartling.Heworeonlyapairoftrousersandacottonsinglet,buttheyweretatters,grimyandfoul,thatbarelyheldtogether.Ihaveneverseenanyonesothin;hislegs,hisnakedarmswerebutskinandbone,andthroughtherentsofhissingletyousaweveryribofhiswastedbody';youcouldcountthebonesofhisdust-coveredfeet.一股惡臭，幾乎不能蔽體。我還從未看到過如此消瘦的人，他的雙腿、他裸露的你可以數(shù)得清他沾滿塵土的雙腳上的骨頭。Hewastheonlyoneofthebeggarswhodidnotspeak.Hedidnotevenholdouthishand,hemerelylookedatyou,butwithsuchwretchednessinhiseyes,suchdespairinhisattitude,itwasdreadful;hestoodonandon,silentandimmobile,gazingsteadfastly,andthen,ifyoutooknonoticeofhim,hemovedslowlytothenexttable.Ihadnothingtogivehimandwhenhecametome,sothatheshouldnotwaitinvain,Ishookmyhead.神態(tài)如此絕望，令人感到可怕。他一直站著，一聲不吭，一動不動，眼神直勾勾的。如果沒有人理他，他就慢慢地挪到鄰桌。我沒有東西可以給他，所以當他來到我面前時，我搖搖頭，免得他白等一場。Buthepaidnoattention.Hestoodinfrontofme,foraslongashestoodattheothertables,lookingatmewithtragiceyes.Ihaveneverseensuchawreckofhumanity.Therewassomethingterrifyinginhisappearance.Hedidnotlookquitesane.Atlengthhepassedon.而且他看起來神志不清。最后他走開了。Itwasstillveryhot,towardseveningabreathofaircominginthroughthewindowstemptedmeintotheplaza.Isawoncemorethatstrange,red-beardedfellowandwatchedhimstandmotionless,withthecrushedandpiteousair,beforeonetableafteranother.Hedidnotstopbeforemine.Isupposedherememberedmefromthemorningandhavingfailedtogetanythingfrommethenthoughtituselesstotryagain.住我了，因為沒有從我這里要到東西，便覺得再來也是無用。Sincetherewasnothingelsetodo,Istayedontillthethinningcrowdsuggesteditwasbed-time.'IhadsuddenlyastrangefeelingthatIhadseenhimbefore.IfeltsurethatIhadcomeacrosshim,butwhenandwhereIcouldnottell.候和什么地方。IspentmyseconddayatVeraCruzasIhadspentthefirst.ButIwatchedforthecomingofthered-hairedbeggar,andashestoodatthetablesnearmineIexaminedhimwithattention.IfeltcertainnowthatIhadseenhimsomewhere.IevenfeltcertainthatIhadknownhimandtalkedtohim,butIstillcouldrecallnoneofthecircumstances.OncemorehepassedmytablewithoutstoppingandwhenhiseyesmetmineIlookedinthemforsomegleamofrecollection.Nothing.Irackedmybrains.IwentoverinmymindthepossibleoccasionswhenImighthavemethim.Nottobeabletoplacehimexasperatedmeasitdoeswhenyoutrytorememberanamethatisonthetipofyourtongueandyeteludesyou.Thedayworeon.我在維拉克魯斯度過的第二天和第一天差不多。但我留意著紅頭發(fā)乞丐的到來，一個就在嘴邊的姓名卻怎么也想不起的時候一樣。這一天在慢慢地過去。ItwasSundayandtheplazawasmorecrowdedthanever.Asusualthered-hairedbeggarcamealong,aterrifyingfigureinhissilence.Hewasstandinginfrontofatableonlytwofrommine,withoutagesture.ThenIsawthepolicemanwhoatintervalstriedtoprotectthepublicfromtheimportunitiesofallthesebeggarssneakroundacolumnandgivehimaresoundingwhackwithhisthong.Histhinbodywinced,buthemadenoprotestandshowednoresentment.ThecruelstripehadwhippedmymemoryandsuddenlyIremembered.這天是星期天，廣場上比往常擁擠。紅發(fā)乞丐像往常一樣走來，形象可怕，一言記憶之門，我突然想起來了。Nothisname;thatescapedmestill,buteverythingelse.Hemusthaverecognizedme,forIhavenotchangedverymuchintwentyyears,andthatwaswhyafterthatfirstmorninghehadneverpausedinfrontofmytable.Yes,itwastwentyyearssinceIhadknownhim.IwasspendingawinterinRomeandeveryeveningIusedtodineinarestaurantintheViaSistinawhereyougotexcellentmacaroniandagoodbottleofwine.ItwasfrequentedbyalittlebandofEnglishandAmericanartstudents,andoneortwowriters;andweusedtostaylateintothenightengagedininterminableargumentsuponartandliterature.Hewasonlyaboythen,hecouldnothavebeenmorethan22;andwithhisblueeyes,straightnose,andredhairhewaspleasingtolookat.IrememberedthathespokeagreatdealofCentralAmerica,hehadhadajobwiththeAmericanFruitCompany,buthadthrownitoverbecausehewantedtobeawriter.Hewasnotpopularamongusbecausehewasarrogantandwewerenoneofusoldenoughtotakethearroganceofyouthwithtolerance.Hethoughtuspoorfishanddidnothesitatetotellusso.Hewouldnotshowushiswork,becauseourpraisemeantnothingtohimandhedespisedourcensure,hisvanitywasenormous.認出我了，因為這20年來我沒有太大的變化，而這正是第一個上午之后他再也沒有在我的桌子前停留原因。是的，我認識他有20年了。那是個冬季，我在羅那時只是個大男孩，不超過22歲。他長得很好看，藍眼睛、高鼻梁、紅頭發(fā)。美對他毫無意義，他也蔑視我們的批評，非常自負。Irecalledhishighspirits,hisvitality,hisconfidenceinthefuture,andhisdisinterestedness.Itwasimpossiblethatitwasthesameman,andyetIwassureofit.Istoodup,paidformydrink,andwentoutintotheplazatofindhim.Mythoughtswereinaturmoil.Iwasaghast.Icouldneverhaveimaginedthathewasreducedtothisfrightfulmisery.Iaskedmyselfwhathadhappened.Whathopesdeferredhadbrokenhisspirit,whatdisappointmentsshatteredhim,andwhatlostillusionsgroundhimtothedust?Iaskedmyselfifnothingcouldbedone.Iwalkedroundtheplaza.ThelightwaswaningandIwasafraidIhadlosthim.ThenIpassedthechurchandsawhimsittingonthesteps.Iwentuptohim.我回想起那時他高漲的情緒、他的活力、他對未來的信心，還有他的冷漠。這個境地。我問自己發(fā)生了什么事，是什么樣的希望遲遲不能實現(xiàn)摧毀了他的精神，是什么樣的失意將他擊垮，是什么樣的幻想破滅將他逼向屈辱我問自己是否已經(jīng)無計可施。我繞著廣場走著。天色漸漸暗了下來，我擔心會找不到他。接著，我在經(jīng)過教堂時，看見他坐在教堂的臺階上，于是我向他走去?！癉oyouremember”Isaid.“你記得羅馬嗎”我說道。Hedidnotmove.Hedidnotanswer.HetooknomorenoticeofmethanifIwerenotstandingbeforehim.Ididnotknowwhattodo.Itookayellow-backednoteoutofmypocketandpresseditinhishand,hedidnotgiveitaglance.Buthishandmovedalittle,thethinclaw-likefingersclosedonthenoteandscruncheditup;homadeitintoalittleballandthenflickeditintotheairsothatitfellamongthejanglingbuzzardsIturnedmyheadinstinctivelyandsawoneofthemseizeitinhisbeakandflyofffollowedbytwoothersscreamingbehindit.WhenIlookedbackthemanwasgone.他一動不動，也不回答。他看都不看我，就好像我沒有站在他面前一樣。我不知時，人已經(jīng)不見了。IstayedthreemoredaysinVeraCruz.Ineversawhimagain.我在維拉克魯斯又待了三天，但再也沒見到他。Unit10’sFailureinScienceEducationForanyoneconcernedaboutstrengtheningAmerica’slong-termleadershipinscienceandtechnology,thesschoolsareanobviousplacetostart.Butbraceyourselfforwhatyoullfind.Thedepressingrealityisthatwhenitcomestoeducatingthenextgenerationinthesesubjects,Americaisnolongeraworldcontender.Infact,USstudentshavefallenfarbehindtheircompetitorsinmuchofWesternEuropeandinAsiannationslikeJapanandtheRepublicofKorea.和日本、韓國等發(fā)達亞洲國家的學生。ThistrendhasdisturbingimplicationsnotjustforthefutureoftheAmericantechnologicalleadershipbutforthebroadereconomy.Already,“wehavedevelopedashortageofhighlyskilledworkersandasurplusoflesser-skilled”warnedFederalReserveBoardChairmanAlanGreenspaninaMarch12addressatBostonCollege.Andtheproblemisworsening.“’regraduatingtoofewskilledworkerstoaddresstheapparentimbalancebetweenthesupplyofsuchworkersanddieburgeoningdemandfor”Greenspanadded對于美國未來科技領導力乃至美國整體經(jīng)濟而言，這均是一個令人堪憂的事實。3月12前高技能勞動力短缺，低技能勞動力已經(jīng)供過于求。”而問題還在加劇。格林斯呈現(xiàn)出顯著的不平衡狀態(tài)?！盇saresult,thefuturestrengthoftheUSscienceandengineeringworkforceisimperiled,”theNationalScienceBoardwarnedinasweepingreportissuedlastyear.而結(jié)果呢,未來理工類人才實力將岌岌可危。Globalcompetition全球競爭Untilnow,Americahascompensatedforitsfailuretoadequatelyeducatethenextgenerationbyimportingbrainpower.In2000,astunning38%ofUSjobsrequiringaPh.D.inscienceortechnologywerefilledbypeoplewhowerebornabroad,upfrom24%in1990,accordingtotheNSB.Similarly,doctoralpositionsatthenationsleadinguniversitiesareoftenfilledwithforeignstudents.2000年，美國38%需要理工博士學位的工作是由外國人做的，遠遠高于1990年的，這是個令人震驚的事實。無獨有偶，美國名牌大學的波矢學位也通常是外國學生在讀。However,becausethe“theglobalcompetitionforscienceandengineeringtalentisintensifying...theUSmaynotbeabletorelyontheinternationalmarkettofillourunmetneeds,”warnstheNSB.Indeed,asglobalizationaccelerates,brightyoungIndianorChinesescientistsmaywellhavebetteropportunitiesathomethanintheUS.家和中國科學家在本國完全有更好的機會。Theconsequencesofthiscouldbeenormous.Becausethequalityofanationsworkforcehassuchahugeinfluenceonproductivity,effectiveschoolreformcouldeasilystimulatetheeconomymorethanconventionalstrategies,suchastheBushtaxcuts.ConsiderwhatwouldhappeniftheUScouldraisetheperformanceofitshighschoolstudentsonmathandsciencetothelevelsofWesternEuropewithinadecade.AccordingtoEricA.Hunushek,aseniorfellowattheHooverInstitutionatStanfordUniversity.USgrossdomesticproductgrowthwouldthenbe4%higherthanotherwiseby2025and10%higherin30years.樣。斯坦福大學胡佛研究院高級研究人員埃里克A哈努謝克認為：如果這樣，到2025年，美國GDP會上升4%；30年后，上升10%。Thatmaynotsoundlikemuch.ButHanushekfiguresthatthe4%annualincreasealonewouldbeenoughtooffsettheentirecostofAmerica'spublicK-12schoolsystemforthesameyear.這聽上去好像并不怎么樣，可是哈努謝克指出：4%的年增幅就等于美國全年從幼兒園到高中全部公立教育計劃的全部經(jīng)費。Scienceleftbehind幕后的科技Here'swheretheproblembeginswithscienceeducation:BythetimeUSstudentsreachtheirsenioryearofhighschool,theyrankbelowtheircounterpartsin17othercountriesinmathandscienceliteracy,accordingtotheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy,completedin1996-1997,thelargestinternationalstudyofstudentachievementeverconducted.Inphysics,UShighschoolseniorsscoredlastamong16countriestested.美國理科教育的問題就是這么產(chǎn)生的：美國高中生的理科水平低于其他17個國1996-1997調(diào)查是有史以來進行的最大規(guī)模的學業(yè)表現(xiàn)調(diào)查。在被調(diào)查的16個國家中，美國高中生的物理水平倒數(shù)第一。Ironically,PresidentBushseducation-reforminitiative.NoChildLeftBehind,maybeexacerbatingtheproblem,atleastfornow.BecauseNCLBnowrequiresthatstudentsbetestedjustinreadingandmath(sciencetestswontbeaddeduntil2007)."someteachersarebeingtoldtostopteachingscienceandgetbacktoreadingandmath.”complainsGeraldWheeler,executivedirectoroftheNationalScienceTeachersAssnwhichrepresentsmorethan50,000scienceteachers.2007年才加上科學測試）。杰拉爾德惠勒抱怨道：“有人讓老師不要教科學，于是就教閱讀和數(shù)學算了。”杰拉爾德是代表美國50,000名科學教師的機構——美國國家科學教師協(xié)會的執(zhí)行董事。Oneresultisthatmosthighschoolgraduatesaren'tadequatelypreparedforcollegelevelsciencecourses.Indeed,theNSTAreportsthatjust26%of2003highschoolgraduatesscoredhighenoughontheACTsciencetesttohaveagoodchanceofcompletingafirst-yearcollegesciencecourse.sonereason,whyenrollmentsofUSstudentsinscienceandengineeringmajorshasbeenflatordeclining-evenasdemandformanyoftheseskillsincreases.說，2003年畢業(yè)的中學生，只有26%高考時在理科課程取得高分，從而有能力減的趨勢，盡管需要理工技能的崗位在增加。Ill-equippedteachers教師素質(zhì)偏低Theupshot:TheUSnowranksbelow13othercountries–includingJapan,GermanyandRepublicofKoreainthepercentageof24-yearoldswithacollegedegreeinthesesubjects,downfromthirdplace25yearsago.Youdonthavetobeascientisttorecognizeatestatusquoisarecipeforbigtrouble—orthatreversingthisslidewillrequirestrongerfederalleadershipandmoremoney.其結(jié)果：擁有理工專業(yè)本科學位的大學畢業(yè)生比例，美國的排名由25年前的第目前的情況令人擔憂，而需要改變和扭轉(zhuǎn)局面，聯(lián)邦政府必須加強領導和投資。Consideronerootcauseoftheproblem:thesevereshortageofqualifiedscienceteachers.Anastonishing28%ofthosewhoteachatleastonescienceclassin7thto12thgradesdon’thaveamajororminorinscience,accordingtoRichardM.Ingersoll.aneducationprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Moreover,eventhosewhohaveasciencedegreeareoftenteachingoutsidetheirareaofexpertise.Inthephysicalsciences—includingchemistryandphysics—60%oftheinstructorsdon’thaveamajororminorinthesubjectstheyteach.教一門以上理科課程的中學教師中，竟有28%的人不是主修或輔修理科專業(yè)出身的，這個結(jié)果出自于賓夕法尼亞大學教育學教授理查德M英格索爾的調(diào)查。60%的教師沒有主修或輔修過他們所教授的課程。Earlierthisyear.TheTeachingCommission,headedbyformerIBMChairmanLouisGerstner7,arguedinareportthattheUSmustpayscienceteachersmoreifithopestosolvethisproblem.Butthatisn’tlikelytohappenwithoutleadershipfromWashington.Asthingsstandnow,sciencegraduatessimplyhavetoomanylucrativealternativestoteaching.今年年初，由IBM總裁路易斯格斯特納領導的教學委員會在一份報告中提到：意當教師。AsAmericasleeps,othernationsthathavelongsincerecognizedthecriticalimportanceofscienceandtechnologyeducationtotheirfuturesaremovingahead.TheUShasgraspedthislessoninmanyOlympicsports,wherestrongnationalprogramshavebeenestablishedtoensurethatAmericahasworld-classathletes.Unlessthenationapplieshesameapproachtoscienceeducation,itstandstolosefarmorethanafewgoldmedals.Itcouldultimatelysquanderitsleadershipoftheworldeconomy.美國舉步不前時，其他早就意識到科技教育對未來舉足輕重的國家卻在前進之失去的就不僅僅是幾枚金牌，而是世界經(jīng)濟的領導地位。下冊Unit1TheHiddenSideofHappiness1Hurricanes,housefires,cancer,whitewaterraftingaccidents,planecrashes,viciousattacksindarkalleyways.Nobodyasksforanyofit.Buttotheirsurprise,manypeoplefindthatenduringsuchaharrowingordealultimatelychangesthemforthebetter.Theirrefrainmightgosomethinglikethis:"Iwishithadn'thappened,butI'mabetterpersonforit."1颶風、房屋失火、癌癥、激流漂筏失事、墜機、昏暗小巷遭歹徒襲擊，沒人想他們向好的方面轉(zhuǎn)變。他們可能都會這樣說:“我希望這事沒發(fā)生，但因為它我變得更完美了。”2Welovetohearthestoriesofpeoplewhohavebeentransformedbytheirtribulations,perhapsbecausetheytestifytoabonafidetypeofpsychologicaltruth,onethatsometimesgetslostamidendlessreportsofdisaster:Thereseemstobeabuilt-inhumancapacitytoflourishunderthemostdifficultcircumstances.Positiveresponsestoprofoundlydisturbingexperiencesarenotlimitedtothetoughestorthebravest.Infact,roughlyhalfthepeoplewhostrugglewithadversitysaythattheirlivessubsequentlyinsomewaysimproved.2真正的心理學上的真理，這條真理有時會湮沒在無數(shù)關于災難的報道中:在最困數(shù)與逆境抗爭過的人都說他們的生活從此在某些方面有了改善。3Thisandotherpromisingfindingsaboutthelife-changingeffectsofcrisesaretheprovinceofthenewscienceofpost-traumaticgrowth.Thisfledglingfieldhasalreadyprovedthetruthofwhatoncepassedasbromide:Whatdoesn'tkillyoucanactuallymakeyoustronger.Post-traumaticstressisfarfromtheonlypossibleoutcome.Inthewakeofeventhemostterrifyingexperiences,onlyasmallproportionofadultsbecomechronicallytroubled.Morecommonly,peoplerebound-oreveneventuallythrive.3:的經(jīng)歷之后，也只有一小部分成年人會受到長期的心理折磨。更常見的情況是，人們會恢復過來—甚至最終會成功發(fā)達。4Thosewhoweatheradversitywellarelivingproofoftheparadoxesofhappiness.Weneedmorethanpleasuretolivethebestpossiblelife.Ourcontemporaryquestforhappinesshasshriveledtoahuntforbliss-alifeprotectedfrombadfeelings,freefrompainandconfusion.4那些經(jīng)受住苦難打擊的人是有關幸福悖論的生動例證:為了盡可能地過上最好經(jīng)縮小到只追求福氣:一生沒有煩惱，沒有痛苦和困惑。5Thisanodynedefinitionofwell-beingleavesoutthebetterhalfofthestory,therich,fulljoythatcomesfromameaningfullife.Itisthedarkmatterofhappiness,theineffablequalityweadmireinwisemenandwomenandaspiretocultivateinourownlives.Itturnsoutthatsomeofthepeoplewhohavesufferedthemost,whohavebeenforcedtocontendwithshockstheyneveranticipatedandtorethinkthemeaningoftheirlives,mayhavethemosttotellusaboutthatprofoundandintenselyfulfillingjourneythatphilosophersusedtocallthesearchfor"thegoodlife".5這種對幸福的平淡定義忽略了問題的主要方面—種富有意義的生活所帶來的思考他們生活的意義—或許對那種深刻的、給人以強烈滿足感的人生經(jīng)歷(哲學家們過去稱之為對“美好生活”的探尋最有發(fā)言權。6Thisbroaderdefinitionofgoodlivingblendsdeepsatisfactionandaprofoundconnectiontoothersthroughempathy.Itisdominatedbyhappyfeelingsbutseasonedalsowithnostalgiaandregret."Happinessisonlyoneamongmanyvaluesinhumanlife,"contendsLauraKing,apsychologistattheUniversityofMissouriinColumbia.Compassion,wisdom,altruism,insight,creativity-sometimesonlythetrialsofadversitycanfosterthesequalities,becausesometimesonlydrasticsituationscanforceustotakeonthepainfulprocessofchange.Toliveafullhumanlife,atranquil,carefreeexistenceisnotenough.Wealsoneedtogrow-andsometimesgrowinghurts.6這種對美好生活的更為廣泛的定義把深深的滿足感和一種通過移情與他人建恨。密蘇里大學哥倫比亞分校的心理學家勞拉金認為:“幸福僅僅是許許多多人生價值中的一種?！贝缺?、智慧、無私、洞察力及創(chuàng)造力—有時只有經(jīng)歷逆境的需要成長-盡管有時成長是痛苦的。7InadarkroominQueens,NewYork,31-year-oldfashiondesignerTracyCyrbelievedshewasdying.Afewmonthsbefore,shehadstoppedtakingthepowerfulimmune-suppressingdrugsthatkeptherarthritisincheck.Sheneveranticipatedwhatwouldhappen:awithdrawalreactionsthateventuallyleftherintotalbodyagonyandneurologicalmeltdown.Theslightestmovement-tryingtoswallow,fqrexample-wasexcruciating.Eventhepressureofhercheekonthepillowwasalmostunbearable.7在紐約市皇后區(qū)一間漆黑的房間里，31歲的時裝設計師特蕾西塞爾感到自己從沒預見到接下來將要發(fā)生的事:停藥之后的反應最終使她全身劇烈疼痛，神經(jīng)至將臉壓在枕頭上也幾乎難以忍受。8Cyrisnowimp-diagnosedwithjuvenilerheumatoidarthritisattheageoftwo,shehadenduredthesymptomsandthetreatments(drugs,surgery)herwholelife.Butthistime,shewasway6pastherlimits,andnothingherdoctorsdidseemedtohelp.Eitherthediseasewasgoingtokillheror,prettysoon,shefeltshemighthavetokillherself.8塞爾并不是懦弱的人。她在兩歲時就被診斷得了幼年型類風濕性關節(jié)炎，一生都在忍受著病癥和治療藥物、手術的折磨。但是這一次，她實在不堪忍受了，快了結(jié)自己的生命了。9Ashersleeplessnightsworeon,though,hersuicidalthoughtsbegantobeinterruptedbynewfeelingsofgratitude.Shewasstillinagony,butanewconsciousnessgrewstrongereachnight:anawesomesenseofliberation,combinedwithanall-encompassingfeelingofsympathyandcompassion."IfeltstrippedofeverythingI'deveridentifiedmyselfwiwasuseless-time,money,self-image,perception.Recognizingthatwassofreeing."9然而，在經(jīng)歷了若干個不眠之夜后，她想自殺的念頭開始被新的感激之情所打斷。雖然她仍然感到痛苦，但一種新的意識每一夜都變得更加強烈:一種令人驚道或相信的事物—時間、金錢、自我形象、對事物的看法—都毫無價值了。意識到這一點真是讓我感到解脫?！?0Withinafewmonths,shebegantobeabletomovemorefreely,thankstoacocktailofsteroidsandotherdrugs.Shesaysnowthere'snoquestionthatherlifeisbetter."lfeltIhadbeenshownthesecretoflifeandwhywe'rehere:tobehappyandtonurtureotherlife.It'sthatsimple."10在幾個月內(nèi)，得益于類固醇加其他藥物的雞尾酒療法，她開始能夠更加自如!”11Hermind-blowingexperiencecameasatotalsurprise.Butthatfeelingoftransformationisinsomewaystypical,saysRichTedeschi,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolinainCharlottewhocoinedtheterm"post-traumaticgrowth".Hisstudiesofpeoplewhoth,"shesaidsixmonthslater."EverythingIthoughtI'dknownorbelievedinhaveenduredextremeevents,likecombat,violentcrimeorsuddenseriousillnessshowthatmostfeeldazedandanxiousintheimmediateaftermath;theyarepreoccupiedwiththeideathattheirliveshavebeenshattered.Afewarehauntedlongafterwardbymemoryproblems,sleeptroubleandsimilarsymptomsofpost-traumaticstressdisorder.ButTedeschiandothershavefoundthatformanypeople-perhapseventhemajority-lifeultimatelybecomesricherandmoregratifying.11她這種不可思議的經(jīng)歷完全是個驚喜。但是北卡羅來納大學夏洛特分校心理學教授里奇特德斯基認為，這種轉(zhuǎn)變的感覺從某些方面看卻是很典型的。里奇.部分人事后很久了還不斷被記憶問題、失眠以及類似的創(chuàng)傷后應激障礙所折磨。但特德斯基和其他學者發(fā)現(xiàn)，對很多人可能甚至是絕大多數(shù)人來說，生活最終會變得更加豐富和更加令人滿足。12Somethingsimilarhappenstomanypeoplewhoexperienceaterrifyingphysicalthreat.Inthatmoment,oursenseofinvulnerabilityispierced,andtheself-protectivementalarmorthatnormallystandsbetweenusandourperceptionsoftheworldistornaway.Oureverydaylifescripts-ourhabits,self-perceptionsandassu12的精神盔甲被剝離了。我們的日常生活軌跡我們的習慣、自我認識和主觀意念)全部被拋到九霄云外，只剩下對世界的原始體驗。13Still,actuallyimplementingthesechanges,aswellasfullycomingtotermswithanewreality,usuallytakesconsciouseffort.Beingwillingandabletotakeonthisprocessisoneofthemajordifferencesbetweenthosewhogrowthroughadversityandthosewhoaredestroyedbyit.Thepeoplewhofindvalueinadversityaren'tthetoughestorthemostrational.Whatmakesthemdifferentisthattheyareabletoincorporatewhathappenedintothestoryoftheirownlife.13盡管如此，要實際實現(xiàn)這些轉(zhuǎn)變并完全接受新的現(xiàn)實，通常需要有意識地付人。使他們與眾不同的是他們能夠?qū)⑺庥龅氖氯谌胨麄冏约旱娜松鷼v程中。”14Eventually,theymayfindthemselvesfreedinwaystheyneverimagined.Survivorssaytheyhavebecomemoretolerantandforgivingofothers,capableofbringingpeacetoformerlytroubledrelationships.Theysaythatmaterialambitionssuddenlyseemsillyandthepleasuresofmptions-gooutthewindow,andweareleftwitharawexperienceoftheworld.friendsandfamilyparamount-andthatthecrisisallowedthemtorecognizelifeinlinewiththeir