高中英語Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero單元素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)含解析新人教版必修

PAGEPAGE1單元素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)(五)Unit5Ⅰ.語段填詞1.Hegotalittleeducationbecauseofpoverty,sohealwayseducateshischildrentovaluethechanceofstudy.(educate)2.Kenyaisknowntobeapeacefulcountry.It’sbeenamodelofpeaceinAfrica.(peace)3.Hedevotedhislifetohiswork,andhisdevotiontohisjobwasadmiredbyeveryone,includingsomeofhisdevotedfriends.(devote)4.Allmenarebornequal,soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.(equal)5.Hecriticizedthegovernmentviolentlyforhavingdonelittletostoptheviolenceinthecountry.(violent)6.Theresultwilldisappointyoutowardthosehopefulthingswhilethehopelessonewillproducesurprisingsuccessbycourageoustry.(hope)Ⅱ.根據(jù)漢語提示用短語填空1.Becausehehasbeenoutofwork(失業(yè))formonths,theyoungmannowdependsonhisparentsforaliving.

2.Withnoonetoturnto(求助)insuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.

3.Itseemedasifnothinghadbeenachieved,buthewillneverloseheart(喪失信心).

4.Mostpeoplethinkthatthingshavechangedforthebettersincethenewgovernmentcametopower(上臺).

5.Hesetup(創(chuàng)立)hisownbusinessafterhegraduatedfromuniversity.

6.Iknewwewereintrouble(有麻煩)whentheelevatorstopped.

7.Inmyopinion/view/AsfarasI’mconcerned(在我看來),itisabouttimewehadnewcomputers.

8.Asamatteroffact/Infact(事實上),thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue.

Ⅲ.閱讀理解A(2021·長春高一檢測)DuringhislifeDrJamesNaismithworkedasadoctor,taughtP.E.andwroteseveralbooks.Whileheneverthoughtitveryimportant,DrNaismithistodaybestknownforonething.Hewastheinventorofbasketball.DrJamesNaismithwasborninCanadain1861andhisfirstjobwasataspecialsportsschoolintheUSA.OnedaytheschoolprincipaltoldJameshewashavingaproblemwiththestudents.Becauseofheavysnow,thestudentscouldnotgooutside.HetoldJamesthattheyneededasportthatboyscouldplayindoorsandgavetheteachertwoweekstothinkofsomething.ItwasontheverylastdaythatJamescameupwithhisidea.The“birthofbasketball”issaidtobeonDecember21,1891,whentwoteamsfromtheschoolplayedthefirstgame.Itwasquitedifferentfromthebasketballgamesoftoday.Ithad9playersoneachteamandfootballswereusedinsteadofbasketballs.Soonafter,thegamechangedto5playersoneachside,usingspecial“basketballs”throughnets.AlthoughDrNaismithdidnotlivetoseebasketballbecometheworldwidegameitistoday,in1936,justthreeyearsbeforehisdeath,basketballbecameanOlympicsportattheGamesinBerlin.【文章大意】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了DrJamesNaismith發(fā)明籃球的過程,并且籃球最終成為世界性運(yùn)動并被納入奧林匹克比賽項目。1.WhichofthefollowingthingsdidDrJamesNaismithNOTdo?A.TeachP.Einschool.B.Writesomebooks.C.Workatahospital.D.TakepartintheOlympicGames.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“DuringhislifeDrJamesNaismithworkedasadoctor,taughtP.E.andwroteseveralbooks.”可知,DrJamesNaismith在醫(yī)院工作過,在學(xué)校教過體育,寫過書,但沒有提及參加奧運(yùn)會。故選D。2.InwhichseasondidDrNaismithinventbasketball?A.Summer. B.Winter.C.Spring. D.Autumn.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Becauseofheavysnow,thestudentscouldnotgooutside.HetoldJamesthattheyneededasportthatboyscouldplayindoorsandgavetheteachertwoweekstothinkofsomething.”可知,當(dāng)時下大雪,因此推斷是冬天。故選B。3.WhyisDecember21thoughttobethebirthdayofbasketball?A.ItwasonthisdaythatDrNaismithcameupwithhisideaforbasketball.B.ItwasthedayonwhichDrNaismithwasborn.C.ItwasthedayonwhichDrNaismithwasaskedbyhisbosstoinventanewgame.D.Itwasonthisdaythatthefirstgameofbasketballwasplayed.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The‘birthofbasketball’issaidtobeonDecember21,1891,whentwoteamsfromtheschoolplayedthefirstgame.”可知,12月21日被稱為籃球的誕生日是因為那天舉行了第一場籃球賽。故選D。4.AtthetimeofDrNaismith’sdeath,whichofthefollowingwastrue?A.Basketballwasalreadyaworldwidegame.B.Basketballwasplayedwith9playersoneachside.C.BasketballwasanOlympicsport.D.Basketballwasstillplayedusingfootballs.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“AlthoughDrNaismithdidnotlivetoseebasketballbecometheworldwidegameitistoday,in1936,justthreeyearsbeforehisdeath,basketballbecameanOlympicsportattheGamesinBerlin.”可知,在他去世之前,籃球已經(jīng)成為奧運(yùn)會比賽項目。故選C。BMydaughterwasinGrade10inhighschool.Herlifehadbeenfollowedbyherdyslexia(閱讀障礙).Shebattledwithherschoolworkandherteachersinhighschool.Hermathteacher,seeminglytheonlyteacherwhounderstoodandempathizedwithherdyslexia,unexpectedlyofferedtoreadherthequestionsinamathexam.Asaresult,shegotapreviouslyunheard-ofBformath.Theactofonethoughtfulteacherhad,perhapsforthefirsttimeinmydaughter’spubliclife,madeherheartopentoenjoylifetothefull,andshecouldnowstarttobelieveinherselfandherabilities.Icouldofcoursewanttocontactandthankthemathteacher.IphonedtheschoolandwhenIaskedtospeaktothemathteacher,Ireceivedaveryguarded“why”fromthereceptionistwhohadlongbeenthegatekeeper,fendingoff(抵擋)angryparentsforteachers.ThesurpriseinhervoicewasobviouswhenIreplied“Iwanttothankhim”.“Oh...ofcourse,justamoment,”sheresponded.Theteachercameonthelinewiththesamesenseofcaution,knowingonlythataparentwasontheline.Isaid,“Ijustwanttothankyouforreadingthequestionstomydaughterforhermathexam.NotonlydidshegetaBbutyouhavenoideathepositiveimpactyouractionhashadonmydaughter’sself-beliefandhopesforherfuture.”Mydaughter’sstruggleswithdyslexiacontinuetothisday.However,sheisnowanexperiencedfully-qualifiedworkerwhobelievesinherselfandhashelpedmanypeopleinFamilyandYouthCareOrganization.Doingsomethingpositivetohelpapersonwillmakeyoufeelgood.Offargreaterimportance,however,itmightchangethelifeofthepersonyouhelpedand,throughhis/herrenewal,impactpositivelyonthelivesofhundredsofotherpeople.【文章大意】本文是夾敘夾議文。作者的女兒有閱讀障礙,數(shù)學(xué)老師的一次善意舉動使她考出了好成績,并且獲得了自信?，F(xiàn)在,她開始傳遞愛心,在工作崗位上幫助更多的人。5.Whatcanweinferaboutthemathteacher?A.Heisbraveandintelligent.B.Heispatientandsympathetic.C.Heisfriendlyandrespectable.D.Heisgenerousandkind-hearted.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Hermathteacher,seeminglytheonlyteacherwhounderstoodandempathizedwithherdyslexia”可知,在學(xué)校只有數(shù)學(xué)老師理解并同情作者女兒的閱讀障礙。根據(jù)數(shù)學(xué)老師在一次考試中幫她讀試卷上的問題這件事可以推知,數(shù)學(xué)老師是一位有耐心和同情心的人。6.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.Theauthor’sdaughterwasonlyinterestedinmath.B.Theauthor’sdaughterusedtolackself-confidence.C.Theauthor’sdaughterperformedwellineveryexam.D.Theauthor’sdaughterdidn’tgetherteachersintotrouble.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知,在數(shù)學(xué)老師的幫助下,作者的女兒考出了好成績,而且開始自信了。由此推知,作者的女兒以前缺乏自信心。7.Whywasthereceptionistcautiouswhentheauthortelephoned?A.Theauthorwasacompletestranger.B.Theteacherswerebusyworkingthen.C.Someparentswereunfriendlytoteachers.D.Shehadbeendisturbedbytheauthor.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“fendingoffangryparentsforteachers”可知,有些家長對老師不友好。因此,接待員并不是因為作者是陌生人而謹(jǐn)慎,而是為了幫老師擋住不友好的家長。8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThepowerofonegestureB.AthoughtfulteacherC.Agirl’sprogressD.Mydaughter’sstrugglewithdyslexia【解析】選A。標(biāo)題歸納題。綜合全文,本文主要講述數(shù)學(xué)老師對作者女兒小小的幫助和關(guān)愛,使患有閱讀障礙的女兒考出了好成績,而且獲得了自信,并將這份愛心傳遞下去。所以,一次善意的舉動會對人產(chǎn)生很大的影響。Ⅳ.語法填空Languageissometimeswrittenasacodesothatpeoplecancommunicatesecrets.During1.__________SecondWorldWar,theGermanNavy(海軍)usedacodetosendmessages.TheBritish2.__________(break)thecodeandlearnedaboutmanyGermanplans.TheJapanesealsousedacodetotalkto3.__________(them)shipsatsea.ItwascalledthePurpleCode.AlthoughtheAmericanssoonbrokethiscode,theJapanesedidn’tknow4.__________hadbeenbroken.In1942,theAmericansbegantousetheirowncodetosend5.__________(secret).AfewNavajo(納瓦霍人)Indiansmadethiscode,which6.__________(base)ontheirlanguage,whichonlysomeAmericanIndiansspoke.ThecodedescribedafewthingstheAmericanarmydid.Onlytheycouldunderstandthiscode,sotheywentwiththearmyfromislandtoislandasitfoughtagainsttheJapanese.TheseNavajosoldierspromised7.__________(keep)thiscodeasecret,eventhoughthiscouldcausetheir8.__________(die).TheJapaneseneverbrokethecodebecausetheyknewnothing9.__________theNavajolanguage.Andthecode,10.__________connectedtwolanguages,helpedwinthewarinthePacific.

【文章大意】本文為記敘文,文章主要介紹了二戰(zhàn)時期不同國家使用的密碼。1.【解析】the?？疾楣谠~。此處特指第二次世界大戰(zhàn),所以用the。2.【解析】broke。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)前文DuringtheSecondWorldWar,可知是過去發(fā)生的事情,所以用一般過去時,用broke。3.【解析】their。考查代詞。此處表示日本人也用密碼跟他們的船只交流,修飾ships,用their。4.【解析】it。考查代詞。根據(jù)前文AlthoughtheAmericanssoonbrokethiscode,可知盡管美國人破解了密碼,但日本人不知道密碼被破解了,所以代替code,用it。5.【解析】secrets?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)語境可知美國人用他們自己的密碼傳遞秘密,秘密不可能是一個,所以用secrets。6.【解析】wasbased?？疾楸粍诱Z態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知此處為which引導(dǎo)的定語從句,which代替納瓦霍人制造的密碼,再分析從句的成分,可知從句缺謂語,以……為基礎(chǔ)用wasbased。7.【解析】tokeep。考查不定式。根據(jù)語境可知此處考查promise的用法,即promisetodosth.承諾做某事,所以用tokeep。8.【解析】deaths。考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此處表示即使導(dǎo)致死亡也會保守秘密,不可能只有一個士兵死亡,所以用deaths。9.【解析】about?？疾榻樵~。根據(jù)語境可知,他們對納瓦霍人的密碼一無所知,對……一無所知用knownothingabout...,所以填about。10.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此處是跟在code后的定語從句。句意:連接兩種語言的密碼,幫助贏得了太平洋戰(zhàn)爭。從句缺主語,又因為是非限制性定語從句,因此用which。Ⅴ.微寫作以“MadameCurie”為題寫一篇80詞左右的居里夫人的生平介紹,應(yīng)包括以下要點:1.出生在1867年,波蘭(Poland);2.1891年去巴黎大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)習(xí)刻苦;3.她和她的丈夫發(fā)現(xiàn)了釙和鐳(poloniumandradium),于1903年獲得諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎;4.1906年居里去世,她繼續(xù)研究,1911年獲得諾貝爾化學(xué)獎。核心要點提示:①shemanagedtogotostudy;②receivedaNobelPrizeforPhysics;③wentonwithherresearch;④obtainedasecondNobelPrizeforChemistry._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【參考范文】MadameCurieMadameCurieisaPolish-bornFrenchprofessorofphysics.ShewasborninPolandin1867.In1891,shemanagedtogotostudyinParisUniversity.WhenshewasstudyinginParis,sheworkedveryhard.Afterlongandhardwork,sheandherhusbanddiscoveredpoloniumandradium.In1904,shetogetherwithherhusbandreceivedaNobelPrizeforPhysics.AfterMrCuriepassedawayin1906,shewentonwithherresearch.Sheachieved