高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊閱讀模擬強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練閱讀理解專題七

高考英語外刊閱讀模擬強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練閱讀理解專題七ATheAtacamaDesertinChileisjustaboutthedriestplaceonEarth.Inspots,itlooksalotlikeMars.Butit’snotlifeless,eveninthehyper-aridregions.Usingstate-of-the-artequipmenttoprobethedesertrocks,researchersfoundbitsofDNAfromanintriguingmixofmicrobes.Strikingly,9percentofthegeneticfragmentsbelongtoorganismsunknowntoscience,makingthempartofthe“darkmicrobiome.”Theseorganismsarebacteriathatare“sostrangeanddifferent,”asthereportputsit,thatresearcherscouldnotidentifyanyknownrelatives.TheAtacamaistheMarsanalogyandscientistsbelieveitisabrillianttestbedforthesearchforMartianlife.Theresearchseemstobolsterthelong-termMarsexplorationstrategyofNASAanditspartner,theEuropeanSpaceAgency.TheyareinthemidstofamultistagemissioncalledMarsSampleReturn.Ifallgoesasplanned,samplesofMartiansoilobtainedbyNASA’sPerseveranceroverwillbehauledbacktoEarth.ButthisnewresearchalsohighlightsthechallengesfacingscientistswhowanttoknowthebiologicalhistoryofMars.Microbiallife,especiallyifextinctandlongfossilized,mayexistatorbeyondthefarthestlimitofwhatcanbedetectedwiththekindofinstrumentssmallenoughtobeblastedintospaceandlandedonanotherplanet.ThePerseverancerovercontinuestoexploreJezeroCrater,diggingupandstoringsamplesofMartiansoil.Theplanistoputanotherspacecraftonthesurface,whichwoulddoubleasalaunchpad.Perseverancewouldthendeliverthesamplestothelander,whichwouldhurtlethematerialintoorbit.Thenewresearchsuggeststhismaybethemosteffective—andpossiblytheonlyconclusive—waytofindoutifanythingwaseveraliveonMars.“Weknowtherearethingstodetect,”Azua-Bustos,aleadingresearchersaid.“Butifyourinstrumentisnotdesignedtobeabletodetectthosethings,thenwehaveaproblem.”【題源TheWashingtonPost(February22,2023)】1.What’sthemeaningofthephrase“darkmicrobiome”inparagraph1?A.AnadvancedandlatestequipmentusedtoexploreMarsB.MicroorganismswhoseDNAcan’tmatchtoanyknowngeneticcodeC.BitsofDNAfromanintriguingmixofmicrobesD.ThegeneticfragmentsdiscoveredinTheAtacamaDesert2.WhydoestheresearchbenefitMarsexplorationinthelongrun?A.ThebacteriafoundintheresearcharestrangeanddifferentB.NASAanditspartnerfeelobligedtoconducttheresearchC.TheAtacamaofferstestbedinsearchforlifeonRedPlanetD.ThemultistagemissionwillsendsamplesofMartiansoilbacktoEarth3.What’sthechallengesrevealedbytheresearch?A.ThebiologicalhistoryofMarsisimpossibletostudyB.MicrobiallifeinMarscan’tbedetectedwiththeinstrumentslandedontheplanetC.MicrobiallifehasalreadyextinctandlongfossilizedD.Marsistoofarforanykindofinstrumenttodetect4.WhatcanwelearnfromAzua-Bustos’swords?A.ThePerseveranceprojectshouldbecanceledbecauseitisuselessItistheinstrumentthatpreventthefurtherstudyonbiologicalhistoryofMarsC.ThePerseveranceprojectistheonlywaytoconductstudiesonMars.D.ScientistsarenotsureiftherearethingstodetectonMarsBIftheideaofworkingfourdaysaweekforthesamepaysoundslikemusictoyourears,theresultsofapilotprogramfromtheUnitedKingdommaygiveyoucauseforhope.Dozensofcompaniestheretookpartintheworld’slargesttrialofthefour-dayworkweek—andamajorityofsupervisorsandemployeeslikeditsomuchthey’vedecidedtokeepthearrangement.Infact,15percentoftheemployeeswhoparticipatedsaid“noamountofmoney”wouldconvincethemtogobacktoworkingfivedaysaweek.Companiesthatparticipatedcouldadoptdifferentmethodsto“meaningfully”shortentheiremployees’workweeks—fromgivingthemonedayaweekofftoreducingtheirworkingdaysinayeartoaverageoutto32hoursperweek—buthadtoensuretheemployeesstillreceived100percentoftheirpay.Attheendoftheexperiment,employeesreportedavarietyofbenefitsrelatedtotheirsleep,stresslevels,personallivesandmentalhealth,accordingtoresultspublishedTuesday.Companies’revenue“stayedbroadlythesame”duringthesix-monthtrialbutrose35percentonaveragewhencomparedwithasimilarperiodfrompreviousyears.Resignationsdecreased.Ofthe61companiesthattookpartinthetrial,56saidtheywouldcontinuetoimplementfour-dayworkweeksafterthepilotended,18ofwhichsaidtheshiftwouldbepermanent.Twocompaniesareextendingthetrial.Onlythreecompaniesdidnotplantocarryonwithanyelementofthefourdayworkweek.Theresultsarelikelytoputthespotlightbackonshorterworkweeksasapossiblesolutiontothehighlevelsofemployeeburnoutandthe“GreatResignation”phenomenonexacerbatedbythecoronaviruspandemic,amidaglobalmovementcallingforbusinessestoditchthein-office,9-to-5,five-dayworkweekandadoptmoreflexibleworkingpracticesinstead.Whilethefour-dayworkweekmodelhasgainedsomesteam,it’sstillnotstandardpracticeglobally.Opponentsofthefour-dayworkweeksaywhilethepolicymaybenefitsomeworkers,itisnotfeasibleformany,includingworkersinkeyindustriessuchaschildcareandhealthcare,whichalreadyfacewidespreadstaffshortages.Andsomeskepticsbelievethatemployees’productivitywouldeventuallydecreaseifthefour-dayworkweekwasmadepermanent.However,proponentsofthepolicyemphasizethatthereisnoone-size-fits-all.Theirideasarebecomingmoremainstream.【題源TheWashingtonPost(February22,2023)】Whatdoesparagraphtwomainlydiscuss?A.Thetrialofthefour-dayworkweekraisedheateddebateB.Thetrialofthefour-dayworkweekwasrejectedbyamajorityofsupervisorsC.Thetrialofthefour-dayworkweekincreasetheamountofmoneygiventoemployeesD.Thetrialofthefour-dayworkweekarewelcomedbybothemployersandemployees2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutthetrialiscorrect?A.Thereareavarietyofbenefitsrelatedtoemployers’sleep,stresslevels,personallivesandmentalhealthB.100percentofpaycanbeguaranteedifemployees’workweeksarelengthenedC.Companies’revenue“stayedbroadlythesame”comparedwithasimilarperiodfrompreviousyears.D.18ofthe61companiessaidthefour-dayworkweekwouldbepermanent3.Whichonecanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“ditch”?A.putoffB.laydowngetridofcarryoutWhat’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Four-dayworkweekpilotprovesprettypopularB.Isfour-dayworkweekastandardpracticeglobally?C.Moreflexibleworkingpractices,morerevenueD.“GreatResignation”phenomenonisputanendCAsshenudgedashoppingcartdowntheaisle,passingfreebagsofpotatoesandmelons,ChanahviaHall,36,mentallyscrolledthroughhershoppinglist.Witheightkids,ages2to15,thesinglemotherfigureditcost$200infoodaweektokeepthefamilygoing—astrainonthehouseholdbudgetthatmaderegulartripstothefreepantrynecessary.Hallknewmoretripstothefoodbankwereahead.OnMarch1,tensofmillionsofAmericanswhoreceivemoneythroughthefederalgovernment’sSupplementalnutritionAssistanceProgram(SNAP)arescheduledtoloseapandemic-eraboostinpayments.Before2020,Hallsaid,shereceived$1,700inmonthlySNAPassistance.Startingnextmonth,thatmoneywillbegone.“We’recallingita‘hungercliff’becausepeoplearegoingtoloseinaveryprecipitousfashionaverylargeamountofgrocerymoney,”saidEllenVollinger,theSNAPdirector.“Weknowalotofthesehouseholdsdon’thavealotcushionintheirbudgets.”TheendoftheextraSNAPbenefitsalsoarrivesaswagesarefailingtokeeppacewithrisingprices.Thefederalgovernmentisalsounlikelytostepin.ThenewlyseatedrepublicanmajorityintheHouseofrepresentativesappearstohavenopoliticalappetiteforanincreaseinspendingandiseyeingfurtherbudgetcutstoprogramssuchasSNAP.“Covidhastaughtushowtobemorenimble,”saidAnnieTurner,thefoodbank’sexecutivedirector.“Changeisconstant,andwehavetobereadywithfoodinanycircumstance.”Theorganizationhasseenanuptickbothinnumbersandtheamountithastospendtomeetthosenumbers,Turnersaid.Beforethepandemic,foodforotherstypicallybudgeted$60,000annuallyonfoodpurchases.Nowtheorganizationisspendingaround$300,000ayear.Onatypicaldaynow,around200peoplecometothemarketforfood,shesaid.TheorganizationisbracingformorenewfacesasMarch1approaches.“Weknowwewilllikelyseeaninfluxofnewfamilies,”Turnersaid.“We’llbeready.”【題源TheWashingtonPost(February22,2023)】1.WhyisthestoryofChanahviaHallcitedinparagraph1?A.ToarousesympathytothehardlifeofthesinglemotherB.Tointroducehereconomical