新編大學(xué)英語第一冊(cè)練習(xí)答案

新編大學(xué)英語第一冊(cè)練習(xí)答案Unit1Vocabulary1.1)reply2)land3)pat4)supplied5)wound6)pat7)replied8)signed9)wounded10)supplies11)sign12)balance13)land14)balance2.run:1)D2)A3)C4)E5)F6)B;match:1)E2)B3)G4)D5)C6)F7)A3.1)Insert2)inthebalance3)requests4)relief5)letout6)tiny7)steady8)stiff9)occasional10misunderstood11)limited12)actionTranslation1.I’mtired.Ishouldn’thavegonetobedsolatelastnight.2.Idon’t/didn’tknowBobverywell,butwego/wentoutforanoccasionaldrinktogether.3.We’resupposedtomeetheratthetrainstation.4.Youcouldclearlyseepeopledrowning,but/andyetyoutooknoactiontosavethem.5.Includingweekends,thereareonlytwelvemoredaystobuyChristmaspresents.6.Withoutimmediateaction,manykindsofwildanimalswoulddiefromhunger.Unit2Vocabulary1.1)BA.flight:ajourneyonanairplane,etc.B.flight:anairplanethattakespeopleonaparticularjourney2)AA.meet:waitforsomebody,greetsomebodyB.meet:seesomebodyaccidentally3)AA.takeoff:leavethegroundandstartflyingB.takeoff:becomesuccessfulorpopular4)BA.conclude:endorbringsomethingtoanendB.conclude:reachabelieforopinionasaresultofthoughtorstudy5)AA.whoever:anyonewhoB.whoever:nomatterwho6)BA.view:anopinionoridea

B.view:theabilitytoseeorbeseenfromaparticularplace7)BA.check:examinesomethingtomakesurethatitissafe,correct,ingoodcondition,etc.B.check:(BrE.)leave(baggage,etc.)readytobedispatched8)AA.suggest:sayorshowsomethinginanindirectwayB.suggest:proposeaplanorideaforsomebodytodiscussorconsider9)AA.lot:anareaoflandusedforaparticularpurposeB.alot:alargeamountornumber10)BA.painful:causingphysicalpainB.painful:upsettingorunpleasant2.1)off2)in3)by4)down5)for6)of7)in8)off9)in10)on11)out/in12)from3.1)shocked2)concluded3)glancing4)baggage5)exclaimed6)display7)whoever8)promise9)agent10)airlines11)opening12)engineTranslation1.ThatsongalwaysremindedherofthenightspentinChicago.2.Therehappenedtobeapolicemanonthecorner,soIaskedhimtheway.3.AllflightstoNewYorktodayare/weredelayedbecauseofthebadweather.4.Whoeverisresponsiblewillhavetopayforthedamage.5.Ican’tfindmycheckbook.Imusthaveleftitathome.6.Bythetimethefootballmatchwasgoingtostart,thestormhadalreadystopped.Unit3Vocabulary1.1)AA)thewayoflifeofaparticularnationorgroupofpeopleB)music,art,theatre,literature,etc.2)BA)oneoftwoorthreeperiodsthattheschooloruniversityyearisdividedinto學(xué)期B)awordorexpressionthathasaparticularmeaning,especiallyinatechnicalorscientificsubject術(shù)語3)BA)themoneyorincomethatonehasB)awayormethodofdoingorachievingsomething4)A

A)agesture,soundoractionwhichisintendedtogiveaparticularmessageB)aseriesofradiowaves,lightwaves,orchangesinelectricalcurrentthatmaycarryinformation5)BA)ashortwrittenorspokennoteB)themostimportantideainabook,film,speech,etc.6)AA)onlyB)inawaythatiseasytounderstand7)BA)communicationwithaperson,organization,country,etc.B)(eyecontact)twopeople’slookingateachother’seyesatthesametime目光接觸8)BA)alongraisedmassofwatermovingacrossthesurfaceofthesea波浪B)asignofgreetingmadebyraisingandmovingthehand(手等的)揮動(dòng)9)AA)theamountofarea,room,etc.thatisemptyoravailabletobeused空地,場地B)theareabeyondearthwhereplanets,stars,moons,etc.,exist空間,太空10)BA)unabletofind遺失B)bedefeated,notwin輸?shù)?，失?.1)gesture2)signal3)misunderstanding4)behaved5)curls6)meaningful7)rarely8)means9)unfamiliar10)decreased11)bowed12)communication13)facial14)awareness15)occurTranslation1)Youwon’tgetthejobunlessyou’vegottheexperience.2)MostofmytimeisspentstudyingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericancultures.3)Thestatement/sentenceissoclearthatitcan’tcauseanymisunderstanding.4)Hewisheshecouldgivehermorehelpthanhedoes.5)Putonyourcoatoryou’llcatchcold.6)ShehasaddedaPicassotohercollection.7)Iamnotawareofeverhavingbeenherebefore.8)Youwillsoonfindyourselfwithoutanyfriendsatallifyoukeeponbeingsorudetoeverybody.Unit4Vocabulary1.1)taste2)rearing3)tips4)taste5)settled6)major7)lot,lot8)rear9)settle10)major11)settled12)tip2.1)tray2)view3)clasped/clasps4)relax5)crashed6)schedule

7)slip8)groped9)completely10)grinned11)opportunities12)hesitationTranslation1)It’sfartoohotintheroom;openthewindow,please!2)Thenoisewokeusupinthemiddleofthenight.3)Heshouldn’thavebeenangryatwhatIsaid.Itwasnothingmorethanajoke.4)Weinvitedallourfriendstothepicnicbutitrainedandonlyfiveofthemshowedup.5)Sheviewsmarriageasaseriousmatter.6)Tomydisappointment,themoviedidn’tliveuptomyexpectations.Unit5Vocabulary1.1)handy2)cultural3)untrue4)belief5)scientist6)successful7)religious8)defenses9)strength10)social2.1)A.limitB.limit2)A.contactB.contact3)A.attempting4)A.commanded5)A.formB.formB.attemptB.command3.1)gesture2)created/hascreated3)abstract4)individual5)invention6)feature7)makeupfor8)removed9)response10)ruleout4.1)removeremove:takesomethingawayfromaplacemove:changepositionorplace2)received,acceptacceptaninvitation:sayyestoitreceiveaninvitation:getone3)allowallow:letsomeonedosomething,permitsomeonetodoagree:havethesameopinion4)latelylately:recentlylater:atimeafterthepresenttime5)shoreshore:thelandalongtheedgeofasea,lakeorwideriverbeach:anareaofsandorsmallstonesbesidetheseaorotherareaofwater6)taughttrain:givesomeoneknowledgeneededtodoajobteach:provideinstructioninaparticularsubject

7)objectobject:somethingthatcanbeseenandtouchedsubject:somethingthatisdiscussed,examinedorresearched8)attractattack:trytohurtordefeatusingviolenceattract:drawsomebodytowardsthemTranslation1.Iusedtogotothecinema/moviesalot,butIneverhavethetimenow.2.Thetwoworkerscooperatedwitheachothertofixthebrokenpipe.3.Thisisacruelpracticewhichshouldbestoppedimmediately.4.Whataspectofyourjob/workis(the)mostdifficult,andwhataspectis(the)mostrewarding?5.Somepeoplethinkheisrude,butthat’snotthecase.6.I’llhelpasmuchasIcan,butthereisalimittowhatIcando.Unit6III.Post-ReadingReadingComprehension1.Part1(Para.1~Para.6);Part2(Para.7);Part3(Para.8~Para.13)2.1)FlyingsaucersorUFOsfromanotherplanet.2)Underwaterearthquakes/Geographyofthearea.3)ThestrangemagneticpropertiesoftheBermudaTriangle.4)LargeamountsofmethanegasescapingfromtheseaflooroftheBermudaTriangle.3.1)T2)T3)F4)F5)T6)T7)F8)T9)T10)T4.QuestionsforGroupDiscussion1)Idon’tfindanyofthefourexplanationsconvincing.Humanerrorsmightberesponsibleforthedisappearances.Ifpilotsorsailorsarenotfullyawareofthearea’shazardsorarenotexperiencedenough,thiscouldleadtodisasters.TakethedisappearanceofFlight19forexample.It’sreportedthatallofthecrewmenonthefiveplaneswereinexperiencedtrainees,withtheexceptionoftheircommander.Butthecommandermightnothavebeenattheheightofhisabilitiesthatdayandmighthavemadesomemistakes.Maybetheplanesgotlostandcrashedwhentheirfuelwasexhausted.2)Peopleareinterestedinmysteriesforseveralreasons.First,curiosityishumannature.Peoplearealwayscuriousaboutthingsunknowntothemorphenomenathatcannotbeexplained.Second,somepeoplefindtheirlifeboring,sotheywanttohavesomethingnewandexcitingtotalkabout.Finally,peopleareworriedaboutproblemsonEarthandaresuspiciousofnewtechnologies.PerhapsthisleadsthemtobelievethattherearesomeunknownsourcesofenergysomewhereonEarth,oreventhattherearemoreintelligentcreaturesinouterspacewhowillsaveusandteachusbetterwaystolive.Vocabulary1.1)A.beliefB.believable3)A.mixB.mixture2)A.mysteriesB.mysterious4)A.responsibleB.responsibility6)A.explodeB.explosion5)A.triangularB.triangle7)A.intelligenceB.intelligent9)A.scientificB.science8)A.discoveryB.discovered10)A.appearanceB.disappearedC.disappearance2.1)in2)on3)in4)into5)of6)for/of7)in8)to9)off10)on3.1)properties2)amounts3)similarly4)compass5)escaping6)puzzled7)offers8)trace9)theory10)normallyTranslation1.Herhardworkresultedinabigbonusforher.2.Childrenwerewatchingtheplanestakeoffandland.3.AssoonasI’monboardashipIalwaysfeelsick.4.Atotalof20,000peoplevisitedthemuseumonthefirstdayitwasopentothepublic.5.Thecommitteeconsistsofscientistsandengineers.6.Iwouldn’tdaretogohomewiththejobunfinished.Unit7III.Post-ReadingReadingComprehension1.UnderstandingtheGeneralOrganizationoftheTextPara.1-2:cPara.3-9:aPara.10-13:dPara.14-16:b2.UnderstandingDetailedInformation1)C2)B3)D4)C5)B6)A7)D3.QuestionsforDiscussionSample1)Iquiteagreewiththeauthor.Wewouldlosemanychancesifwethoughtwewouldencountersomedangerwheneverwehadtomakechoices.Forexample,whenourteacheraskedustotakepartinanEnglishspeechcontest,wemighthavedeclinedbecausewewereworriedthatwewouldscrewitupevenifwewereextremelygoodatdeliveringspeechesinEnglish.Asaresult,wewouldlosethechanceofshowingourabilityandwhentherewasaneedofinterpreters,noonewouldconsiderus.2)I’vehadsomeexperienceof“takingrisks”,ifitcouldbeconsideredasarisk.AfterIpassedtheentranceexamination,ItoldmyparentsIwouldliketogotravelingalonetoJiuzhaigou.MyparentswerequiteworriedbecauseIhadneverbeenawayfromhomealone.TheywerenotsurewhetherIcouldtakecareofmyselfandtheyimaginedtherewouldbemanydangers.“Whatifmydearbabygirlwastrafficked?”Thiskindofthoughthauntedthemandtheydidn’twantmetotakeanyrisks.IspentalongtimepersuadingthemintobelievingthatIcouldcopewithwhateverhappened.Finally,theyletmego.Itturnedouttobeanunforgettableexperience.AlmosteverywhereItraveledImetwithkindnessandfriendship.ThetripwasfulloffunandIwasreallyenchantedbythebeautifulscenerythere.“Risks”likethisaretoogoodtomiss!Vocabulary1.1)warningdiscomfort2)developments3)possibilities4)alarming5)mistaken6)7)uncertainty8)confusing9)anxiety10)supportive2.1)if2)was/amfacedwith3)strategy4)outcome5)unless6)inhibit7)takeaction8)confused9)audience10)created/hascreated3.1)with2)with3)by4)by/at5)of6)into7)about/of8)likeTranslation1.We’reconsideringsellingthehouse.2.Isuggesthewaitawhilebeforehemakesanydecisions.3.Johnisverylikelytocometothepartytomorrow.4.We’dliketoknowthereasonwhyshedidn’tacceptthejob.5.Youshouldn’thavegonebacktotheburningbuilding---youmighthavebeenbadly/seriouslyburnt.6.It/Thethoughthadnevercrossedmymindthattheremightbeaproblem.Unit8III.Post-ReadingReadingComprehension1.UnderstandingtheStructureofthePassageParagraphsTopicsPara.1Oneofthemostfamouslovestoriesinhistory.Theirlivesbeforetheykneweachother.Howtheymetandfellinlovewitheachother.Theirlifetogether.Para.2–3Para.4–6Para.72.UnderstandingSpecificInformation1)T2)F3)F4)T5)F6)T7)T8)F3.TheRighttoMarry1)Sample1IthinktheywererightnottotellMr.Barrettabouttheirloveandmarriage,becausetheyknewthatMr.Barrettwouldn’tallowthemtogetmarried.IfMr.Barretthadnotbeensuchaneccentricperson,Ithinktheywouldhavetoldhim.Anywayparentsmaygiveadvicebuttheyshouldneverdecidemarriagefortheirchildren.Childrencan’tlivewiththeirparentsforever.Sample2Inmyopinion,theywerewrong.Forme,parentsarethemostimportantpersonsintheworld.Itellmyparentseverything.EventhoughMr.Barrettwaseccentricanddidn’tallowhisdaughterstogetmarried,theyshouldhavetriedtopersuadehimtochangehismind.Theyweretooselfishnottotellhimabouttheirmarriage.2)Sample―Iguesshewasaveryselfishmanandwasafraidhisdaughterswouldleavehimaftertheygotmarried.Thenhewouldbeverylonelyandnobodywouldbearoundtotakecareofhiminhisoldage.―Probablythefatherdidn’ttrusthisdaughters’judgmentaboutwhatkindofpeopletheyshouldmarry.Awrongjudgmentinthisaspectwouldleadtoanunhappymarriageandthenamiserablelife.―Thefathermustbeaveryrichmantobeabletoraise12childrenatthattime.Perhapshethoughtallhisdaughtersshouldmarrypeoplewhowereasrichashewas.However,itwasverydifficulttofindthiskindofpeople.Vocabulary1.PartA1)adds/addedupto2)criticize3)fell/fallinlove4)takeplace5)miracle6)arrangedageof7)byname8)primarily9)facetoface10)Bythe11)Agreatdeal12)ceremonyPartBSample1)IfellinlovewithLiuChang,theleaderofourschool’sbasketballteam.Heissuchanexcellentplayerthathehasbecomethefocusofattention.Incontrast,I’msuchanordinarygirlwhomhedoesn’tevenknowbyname.2)Ihaveagreatdealofloveforhim,butIhavenochancetotalkfacetofacewithhim.SoIprimarilywritemydiarytoexpressmylovetohim.3)Ibelieveinmiracles.Bytheageof20,we’llhavemarriedeachother.Theweddingceremonywillbewellarrangedandthenumberofguestsfrombothsideswilladdupto1000.4)Iknowthiscantakeplaceonlyinmydreams,butwho’lltakethetroubletocriticizeadaydreamer.Iwouldliketokeepmysweetdreaminmydiaryattheageof16.2.PartA1)I2)A3)J4)F5)D6)H7)B8)C9)G10)EPartB1)common5)diminished9)passion2)childhood6)eccentric10)popular3)compatible4)correspondence7)miracle8)impersonalTranslation1)WorldWarIItookplacein1945.2)Mygrandfatherdrinksagreatdeal.3)Hewasstillworkingbytheageof65.4)Theteacherknowsallhisstudentsbyname.5)Thepolicehavefinallysucceededinsolvingthemystery.6)Helikesallkindsofsports,butmostofall,basketball.7)Talkingonthephoneisdifferentfromtalkingfacetoface.8)Theyfellinlovewitheachotherbecausetheyhadcommoninterests.Unit9III.Post-ReadingReadingComprehension1.ScanningforSpecificInformationAgainstFor1)Itisfunforchildren.2)Itgetsyououtoftheusualroutine.3)Peoplearefriendlier.1)Itisanunchristian,andpurelyalcoholicoccasion.2)Itisawasteofmoney.4)Givingpresentscanbeverysatisfying.3)Peopledon’tthinkaboutotherswhoareless5)Onecanconcentrateonnon-commercialfortunate.values.4)Itisawastefulandthoughtlessceremony.6)Itisatimetopauseandreflect.5)It’sall“humbug”orhypocritical.7)Thepreparations,likedecoratingthehouse,6)Peopleeattoomuchoreatfoodtheydon’tarefun.8)Itisatimetobewithfriends.9)Thereareallkindsofdeliciousfoods.want.7)It’sdisappointingforpoorpeoplewhocan’taffordtospendalotofmoney.10)It’saholyday.8)Itisnolongerareligiouscelebration,ithaslostitsmeaning.2.UnderstandingSpecificInformation1)C2)C3)A4)B5)C6)C3.QuestionsforGroupDiscussion1)SampleThesubtitle“MoreStuffing”isaplayonwords.Theverb“tostuff”hasseveralmeanings,buttherearetwothatcometomindatChristmastime.First,“tostuff”meanstoovereat(toeattoomuch);second,“tostuffachickenoraturkey”meanstoputstuffing(amixtureofbreadandseasonings)insidebeforeitiscooked.Sointhiscase,thesubtitle“MoreStuffing”means:“Doyouwanttostuffmoreintoyourstomach?”and“Wouldyoulikesomemorestuffing?”Thelatterisapolitequestiononewouldaskatthedinnertable.Thesubtitle“NotOnlyforChildren?”meansthatChristmasisnotonlyawonderfultimeforchildrenbutalsoforadults.Itcanalsohelpadultsgetoutoftheordinaryroutineoflife.2)Sample1IagreewithPatrickBrendan.IthinkChristmasisawasteofmoney.Peoplebuysomuchfoodthattheyarenotabletofinish.Theyspendalotofmoneyonpresents.Alltheseleadtoalotofwaste.Whenpeopleindulgethemselveswithgoodfoodandbeautifulclothes,theyrarelythinkofthosewhoarepoorandlessfortunate.EveryyeartheycelebrateChristmasinthesameway,spending,eating,anddrinking.TherealmeaningofChristmashasbeenlostinthecommercialization.Atthesametime,Christmascausessicknessanddepressionforthosewhocannotaffordtobuywhattheyneed,nottosaymanyluxuryitems.Sample2IagreewithLynneKnight.Afterworkingalltheyear,peopledoneedatimeforrelaxationandforfamilyreunions.Christmasisjustthetimeforthesepurposes.Whenallthefamilymembersgettogether,eatingthefoodtheylikeandchattingwitheachother,presentsarenolongerimportant.Itisloveandfriendshipthatpeoplevaluemost.Itisalsosignificanttohaveaholidaythatcelebrateskindnessandgoodwilltoothers.Ifpeoplearetoobusytodosomethingforothers,Christmaswillbethebesttimetoshowloveandkindness.Inaddition,holidaysthatmakechildrenhappywillmakeadultshappytoo.Vocabulary1.1)A.childish(havingamannerunsuitableforagrown-up幼稚的，傻氣的)B.childC.childhoodD.childlike(ofortypicalofachild,especiallyhavinganaturallovablequality孩子般的，天真的)2)A.CommerciallyB.commercialC.commerceD.commercialsE.non-commercial3)A.excitingB.excitesC.excitedD.excitedE.excitements4)A.satisfiedB.satisfyC.satisfactionD.satisfyingE.satisfactorily2.1)B2)B3)A4)A5)A6)B7)ANotes:1)A.thewaysomeonefeelsataparticulartime,forexampleiftheyarecheerfulorsad精神狀態(tài)B.especiallyBrEastrongalcoholicdrinksuchaswhiskyorbrandy烈酒2)A.beingintheplace在場B.thinggivenorreceivedasagift禮物3)A.havingalotofexperienceinlife,goodjudgmentaboutthingssuchasart,fashion,etc.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，老練的B.(ofamachine,system,methodetc.)thatisverycleverlydesignedandveryadvancedandoftenworkinginacomplicatedway先進(jìn)的

4)A.n.theusualandnormalwayinwhichyoudothings常規(guī)B.adj.usual,ordinary常規(guī)的5)A.comenearB.awayofdealingwithapersonorthing6)A.dependonB.moveorbendyourbodyinaparticulardirection7)A.nomatterwhatB.anyother(s)ofasimilartype3.1)fried2)boiled3)steamed4)roasted5)baked6)toastedfry:cookfoodinapanthatcontainshotfatoroil煎，炸boil:cookfoodinboilingwater在水中煮沸steam:cookfoodinsteam蒸，roast:cookfoodbydryheat,eitherinfrontofanopenfireorinahotoven烤，bake:cookfoodinanoven（在煮烘，炙爐中）烘，烤，焙toast:make(bread,cheese,etc)brownbyholdingitclosetoheat烤（面包等）Translation1.Thetopicofthespeechisannouncedaweekinadvance,butthenameofthespeakerisnot.2.Itseemedincrediblethatsomestudentsstillplayedfootballbeforetheexams.3.Mr.Audenisahappymanwhoderivespleasurefromhelpingothers.4.TwoAmericanssharedlastyear’sNobelPrizeforMedicine.5.FirstofallI’dliketowelcomeyoutothemeeting.6.I’mnotaccustomedtosuchluxury.It’sawasteofmoney.7.TheresultsoftheexamwillbeputuponFridayafternoon.8.Somecruelexperimentsonanimalsarecarriedoutinthenameofscience.Unit10III.Post-ReadingReadingComprehension1.UnderstandingtheOrganizationofthePassage1)Problems:poverty,hunger,anddestructionoftheearth’sresources(Para.1)2)Solutionsthatlieinhowwethinkaboutagriculture,food,andourplanet:A.Thedevelopmentoffarmingmethodsthatarelessdestructivetotheenvironment.(Para.2-3)B.Thesavingoftheearth’sprecioussuppliesofwaterandpetroleum.(Para.4)C.Less-developedcountries:landandeconomicreform(Para.5)D.Industrializedcountries:changesinpoliciesandeatinghabits.(Para.6)3)Conclusion:Theidealagriculturalsystemwouldbesustainable.(Para.7)2.UnderstandingSpecificInformation1)D2)B3)D4)B5)D6)C7)D8)A3.QuestionsforGroupDiscussion1)Sample1Inmyopinion,it’snotsoeasytomakepeopleinindustrializedcountrieschangetheirdiet.Theireatinghabitsarepartoftheirculture.However,somethingcanbedonetoreducethewasteoffoodandotherresources.Thegovernmentsofthesecountriesshouldhavepoliciestohelppoorcountriesproduceenoughfoodforthemselves.Sample2Theycertainlyshouldchangetheireatinghabits.Itwillbenefitpeoplelivinginpovertyandthoseinrichcountriesaswell.Eatinglessmeatandmorevegetablesishealthy.Theyalsoshouldstopwastingfoodandotherresources.Theyshouldalwaysbearinmindthattherearestillmanypeopleintheworldwhoarestarving.Ofcourse,thegovernmentsofthesecountriesshouldsendmoreexpertsaswellasmoderntechnologytoless-developedcountriestohelpthemgrowmoreandbetterfood.2)Sample1BecauseChinaisstillaless-developedcountry,weshouldtrytodevelopourscienceandtechnologysothatwecangrowmorefoodwithfewerchemicalfertilizersorchemicalinsecticides.Weshouldalsobalanceeconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.Weshouldn’tdevelopoureconomyatthecostofourenvironment.WearedevelopingChina’sWestandourgovernmentisadvocatingsustainabledevelopment.Ithinkitisasmartapproach.Sample2Ascitizensinaless-developedcountry,weshouldfirststopwastingthings.Eventhoughourcountryisstillpoorandtherearestillmanypeoplelivinginpoverty,someyoungpeoplewastefoodandwater.Thisshouldbestopped.Inaddition,weshouldworkhardtomakepeoplemoreenvironmentallyaware.Manypeopledon’trealizetheimportanceoftheenvironment.Theyoftenmakemoneyatthepriceoftheenvironment.Thisisnotsmart.Vocabulary1.VerbaddNounAdjectiveNounadditionchemicalchemistry/chemicalgeneratemixgeneration/generatormixture/mixreductiondestructivedestructiveness/destructionhungryhungerreduceimportantdistantimportancedistancepoliticstransporttransportationimproveprotecttreatimprovementprotectiontreatmentpoliticalefficientefficiencyproductiveproductivity2.1)prevention6)economic11)global2)hopeless3)development4)poverty5)wasteful7)solution8)pollution/beingpolluted9)successful10)industrial12)agriculturalKnowledgeaboutSomeNounSuffixes:-ation-ion表示行為、狀態(tài)、結(jié)果examples:examination;decision;production-tion-ure表示動(dòng)作（過程）、狀態(tài)、examples:closure;failure;pressure-ance-ence表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、行為examples:appearance;difference;influence-ment表示行為、過程、結(jié)果examples:movement;government-ness表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、程度examples:illness;loudness;sadness-ics表示……學(xué)；技藝examples:physics;athletics-cy-ity表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)examples:privacy;regularity;honesty-y3.1)cashA.n.moneyintheformofnotesandcoinsB.v.exchangethe