建筑工程質(zhì)量及安全管理通病防治措施

建筑工程質(zhì)量及安全管理通病防治措施

總目錄

第一部分：土建工程.................................................................................................................................11

第一章土方開挖與回填..............................................................................................................................11

2.1、挖土?xí)r放坡未按措施或設(shè)計要求進行............................................................................................................11

1.2、邊坡塌方...................................................................................................................................12

1.3、開挖深度控制不嚴(yán)格.........................................................................................................................13

1.4、回填土密實度達不到要求......................................................................................................................14

第二章鋼筋工程....................................................................................................................................15

2.1、鋼筋原材...................................................................................................................................15

2.2、鋼筋力學(xué)實驗...............................................................................................................................16

2.3、鋼筋成品保護...............................................................................................................................17

2.4、鋼筋加工（一）.............................................................................................................................18

2.5、鋼筋加工（二）.............................................................................................................................19

2.6、鋼筋加工（三）.............................................................................................................................20

2.7、鋼筋綁扎...................................................................................................................................21

2.8、鋼筋位移...................................................................................................................................22

2.9、鋼筋保護層.................................................................................................................................23

2.10、鋼筋連接接頭..............................................................................................................................24

2.11、鋼筋直螺紋套筒鏈接........................................................................................................................25

2.12、鋼筋電渣壓力焊連接........................................................................................................................26

2.13、鋼筋搭接..................................................................................................................................27

2.14、鋼筋錨固..................................................................................................................................28

2.15、鋼筋骨架綁扎..............................................................................................................................29

2.16、結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)留洞口鋼筋加固......................................................................................................................30

2.17、鋼筋種植..................................................................................................................................31

第三章模板工程....................................................................................................................................32

3.1、軸線位移...................................................................................................................................32

3.2、上下層墻柱接茬處錯臺.......................................................................................................................33

3.3、結(jié)構(gòu)變形...................................................................................................................................34

3.4、模板支撐選用不當(dāng)...........................................................................................................................35

3.5、模板接縫不嚴(yán)...............................................................................................................................36

3.6、脫模劑使用不當(dāng).............................................................................................................................37

3.7、模板未清理干凈.............................................................................................................................38

3.8、模板拆除...................................................................................................................................39

3.9、地下室外墻30cM導(dǎo)墻模板....................................................................................................................40

3.10、結(jié)構(gòu)后澆帶................................................................................................................................41

3.11、懸臂梁下支撐擅自拆除......................................................................................................................43

3.12、平頂角支模不嚴(yán)密，部分板底模板伸入墻體，梁底模板未按規(guī)范要求起拱............................................................................44

3.13、柱、墻模穩(wěn)定性差，與排架體系無連接；下部地高度未采用雙螺帽...............................................................................45

3.14、梁模板缺陷................................................................................................................................46

3.15、柱模板缺陷................................................................................................................................47

3.16、板模板缺陷、墻模板缺陷....................................................................................................................48

第四章混凝土工程..................................................................................................................................49

4.1、混凝試塊留置不規(guī)范.........................................................................................................................49

4.2、梁柱接頭高低標(biāo)號混凝土分隔不清..............................................................................................................50

4.3、蜂窩、麻面、孔洞...........................................................................................................................51

4.4、非結(jié)構(gòu)性裂縫...............................................................................................................................52

4.5、結(jié)構(gòu)性裂縫.................................................................................................................................53

4.6、現(xiàn)澆結(jié)構(gòu)板收面粗糙.........................................................................................................................54

4.7、混凝土振搗不密實...........................................................................................................................55

4.8、施工縫留置.................................................................................................................................56

4.9、缺棱掉角...................................................................................................................................57

4.10、墻柱根部錯臺、爛根........................................................................................................................58

4.11、梁底、板底混凝土夾渣、不密實...............................................................................................................59

第五章砌體工程...................................................................................................................................60

5.1、砌筑砂漿...................................................................................................................................60

5.2、洞口過梁...................................................................................................................................61

5.3、門窗洞口混凝土塊設(shè)置........................................................................................................................62

5.4、灰縫不符合要求.............................................................................................................................63

5.5、墻頂斜磚不符合要求.........................................................................................................................64

5.6、墻體拉結(jié)鋼筋不符合要求.....................................................................................................................65

5.7、窗臺混凝土壓頂厚度不符合要求................................................................................................................66

5.8、磚砌小門垛.................................................................................................................................67

5.9、構(gòu)造柱鋼筋.................................................................................................................................68

5.10、填充墻構(gòu)造柱及腰梁設(shè)置不符合要求...........................................................................................................69

第六章防水工程...................................................................................................................................70

6.1、地下室外墻施工縫未設(shè)置防水構(gòu)造..............................................................................................................70

6.2、地下室外墻止水鋼板.........................................................................................................................71

6.3、伸出屋面管道的防水構(gòu)造.....................................................................................................................72

6.4、出屋面透氣管細部做法不符要求................................................................................................................73

6.5、屋面雨水管細部做法不符要求..................................................................................................................74

6.6、天溝、檐溝的防水構(gòu)造.......................................................................................................................75

6.7、女兒墻泛水的防水構(gòu)造.......................................................................................................................76

6.8、水落口的防水構(gòu)造...........................................................................................................................77

6.9、變形縫的防水構(gòu)造...........................................................................................................................78

6.10,成品保護措施不到位........................................................................................................................79

第七章粉刷工程...................................................................................................................................80

7.1、陰陽角不垂直、不方正.......................................................................................................................80

7.2、室內(nèi)抹灰層空鼓、開裂、起砂..................................................................................................................81

7.3、粉刷層平整度差衛(wèi)生間墻面過于粗糙，影響交付..................................................................................................82

7.4、涂料飾面起皮、開裂、脫落、表面起花..........................................................................................................83

7.5、外墻孔洞封堵不密實.........................................................................................................................84

第八章門窗安裝及細部收口.........................................................................................................................85

8.1、固定門窗框的五金錨固件不符合要求............................................................................................................85

8.2、窗框與墻體周邊密封不到位...................................................................................................................86

8.3、窗盤做法....................................................................................................................................87

8.4、窗天盤節(jié)點標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法.........................................................................................................................88

8.5、窗天盤節(jié)點標(biāo)準(zhǔn)做法.........................................................................................................................89

第九章細部做法...................................................................................................................................90

9.1、細部做法（一）...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................90

9.2、細部做法（二）.............................................................................................................................91

9.3、細部做法（三）.............................................................................................................................92

9.4、細部做法（四）.............................................................................................................................93

9.5、細部做法（五）.............................................................................................................................94

9.6、細部做法（六）.............................................................................................................................95

9.7、細部做法（七）.............................................................................................................................96

9.8、細部做法（八）.............................................................................................................................97

第二部分：機電安裝工程.............................................................................................................................98

第一章建筑電氣工程...............................................................................................................................98

1.1、焊接電線管與線盒的連接.....................................................................................................................98

1.2、預(yù)埋鋼管防腐工作不到位.....................................................................................................................99

1.3、預(yù)埋電氣鋼管連接不規(guī)范....................................................................................................................100

1.4、電氣塑料線管、線盒敷設(shè)不規(guī)范（一）.........................................................................................................101

1.5、電氣塑料線管、線盒敷設(shè)不規(guī)范（二）.........................................................................................................102

1.6、線路過長未設(shè)置相應(yīng)的措施..................................................................................................................103

1.7、柔性導(dǎo)管的長度超長，無專用接頭，有退股、脫節(jié)或者使用不當(dāng)...................................................................................104

1.8、金屬導(dǎo)管的跨接地線截面積偏小、連接不規(guī)范等.................................................................................................105

1.9、吊頂內(nèi)或明敷設(shè)的消防線管使用PVC線管或暗敷設(shè)時保護層不足...................................................................................106

1.10.室外導(dǎo)管敷設(shè)不到位、不防水................................................................................................................107

1.11、金屬線槽敷設(shè)扭曲、撓度偏大，連接不規(guī)范....................................................................................................108

1.12,線槽內(nèi)的敷設(shè)的導(dǎo)線過多且雜亂..............................................................................................................109

1.13、金屬線槽接地不可靠.......................................................................................................................110

1.14、管內(nèi)敷線存在缺陷.........................................................................................................................111

1.15,電線、電纜的外皮顏色不符合要求............................................................................................................112

1.16、直埋電纜未可靠地保護.....................................................................................................................112

1.17.電纜頭制作工藝較差，存在安全隱患..........................................................................................................113

2.18、衛(wèi)生間局部等電位制作及安裝不符合要求......................................................................................................114

1.19、混凝土墻面預(yù)埋線盒固定不牢靠，線盒位置偏差較大............................................................................................115

1.20、預(yù)埋的PVC線管在穿出樓板面未設(shè)置保護措施，管口未封堵......................................................................................116

1.21、預(yù)埋衛(wèi)生間等電位聯(lián)接端子板截面積小于規(guī)范要求..............................................................................................117

第二章給排水及消防工程..........................................................................................................................118

2.1、剛性穿墻防水套管的制作及安裝不符合要求.....................................................................................................118

2.2、高層室內(nèi)明設(shè)UPVC立管在樓板的貫通部位或防火分區(qū)未設(shè)阻火圈.................................................................................119

2.3、衛(wèi)生間及地漏處的排水坡度過小，不利于室內(nèi)排水，有積水.......................................................................................120

2.4、衛(wèi)生間地漏等位置返臭氣....................................................................................................................121

2.5、衛(wèi)生間及積水房間穿樓板造成漏水情況.........................................................................................................122

2.6、管道穿樓板套管安裝不正確..................................................................................................................123

2.7、排水UPVC管道支架間距偏大，或支架的規(guī)格偏小...............................................................................................124

2.8、排水管三通、四通、彎頭使用不正確...........................................................................................................125

2.9、雨水斗安裝不規(guī)范..........................................................................................................................126

2.10、排水橫管無坡度、倒坡或坡度偏小............................................................................................................127

2.11、給水管道滲漏.............................................................................................................................128

2.13、立管距墻過遠或半明半暗...................................................................................................................129

2.14、鍍鋅鋼管連接不滿足規(guī)范要求................................................................................................................130

2.15、箱式消火栓安裝不規(guī)范.....................................................................................................................132

2.16、噴頭安裝不合理...........................................................................................................................133

2.17、水泵接合器設(shè)置不規(guī)范.....................................................................................................................134

2.18、鍍鋅鋼管溝槽式連接不符合規(guī)范要求..........................................................................................................135

2.19、室外給排水工程溝槽開挖不符合規(guī)范要求......................................................................................................136

2.20、室外給排水工程溝槽回填施工的質(zhì)量不符合規(guī)范要求............................................................................................137

2.21、室外埋地鋼管的瀝青外防腐層不符合規(guī)范要求..................................................................................................138

2.22、室外檢查井基礎(chǔ)不符合規(guī)范要求..............................................................................................................139

2.23、檢查井的踏步（爬梯）、腳窩安裝、制作不規(guī)范.................................................................................................140

2.24、排水檢查井流槽不符合要求.................................................................................................................141

2.25、檢查井的井圈、井蓋安裝不符合要求..........................................................................................................142

2.26、陽臺排水與屋面排水匯合設(shè)置................................................................................................................143

第三章采暖及空調(diào)工程............................................................................................................................144

3.1、金屬風(fēng)管表面不平整........................................................................................................................144

3.2、風(fēng)管支、干管連接處的質(zhì)量問題...............................................................................................................145

3.3、吊頂風(fēng)口與風(fēng)管未連接等.....................................................................................................................146

3.4、土建風(fēng)管（風(fēng)井或風(fēng)道）未按照規(guī)范要求處理...................................................................................................147

3.5、風(fēng)管的支吊架設(shè)置不符合規(guī)范要求.............................................................................................................148

3.6、通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)運行時產(chǎn)生振動及噪聲...............................................................................................................149

3.7、絕熱材料的種類、密度及厚度等選用不當(dāng).......................................................................................................150

3.8、空調(diào)風(fēng)管的保溫層質(zhì)量達不到規(guī)范要求.........................................................................................................151

3.9、金屬風(fēng)管法蘭制作及安裝不規(guī)范...............................................................................................................152

3.10、彎頭內(nèi)的導(dǎo)流葉片設(shè)置不規(guī)范................................................................................................................153

3.11、風(fēng)機盤管與風(fēng)管連接方式及安裝不合理........................................................................................................154

3.12、空調(diào)機組/通風(fēng)機運行時振動及噪聲大.........................................................................................................155

3.13、地輻熱施工不規(guī)范.........................................................................................................................156

第四章電梯工程..................................................................................................................................157

4.1、電梯機房吊鉤設(shè)置不合理.....................................................................................................................157

4.2、電梯井道尺寸及留洞偏差較大.................................................................................................................158

4.3、電梯井道門口裝飾面與轎廂門高度不一致.......................................................................................................159

第三部分：安全及文明施工................................................................................................................................161

第一章防護篇............................................................................................................................................161

1.1、腳手架...........................................................................................................................................161

1.2、型鋼挑腳手架.....................................................................................................................................167

1.3、滿堂架...........................................................................................................................................171

1.4、“三寶、四口、五臨邊”（三寶：安全帽、安全帶、安全網(wǎng)；四口：樓梯口、電梯口、預(yù)留洞口、通道口；）................................................176

1.5、墜落范圍.........................................................................................................................................188

1.6、操作架...........................................................................................................................................189

1.7、移動操作平臺.....................................................................................................................................190

1.8、高低跨防護.......................................................................................................................................191

1.9、后澆帶支撐.......................................................................................................................................192

1.10、安全防護棚及高低跨防護.....................................................................................