劍橋商務英語bec中級寫作

BEC中級寫作電子講義

第一講BEC寫作概述

本課程安排簡介

寫作共6次課，第1次講概述。

BEC寫作簡介：

1寫作目的與要求

1Canmakenotesthatareusefultobothhim/herselfandtocolleagues.

2Canwritemostlettershe/sheislikelytobeaskedtodo;sucherrorsasoccurwillnot

preventunderstandingofthemessage.

3Canwriteasimplereport.

寫作考試共進行45分鐘，占總成績的25%,小作文占10分，大作文占20分。

更多的報名信息和成績查詢方法請上網了解：教育部考試中心

2測試范圍與選材

1>身份介紹(PersonalIdentification)

2、工作環(huán)境與日常事務(Theoffice,generalbusiness,environmentandroutine)

3、接待與閑暇活動(Entertainmentofclients,freetime,relationshipswithcolleaguesand

clients)

4^商務旅行(Travel)

5^健康(Health)

6^購買與銷售(Buyingandselling)

7^公司結構、系統(tǒng)及程序(Companystructures,systems,processes)

8、產品與服務(Productsandservices)

9^成果與成就(Resultsandachievements)

其外，還會涉及其他的一般商務話題(Businessissues)o

3測試題型分析

AnOverviewofBECVantageWriting

PARTFunctions/CommunicativeInputResponseRegister

Task

1BusinessCorrespondence:Rubriconly(pluslayoutofNote,message,memoorNeutral/

e.g.givinginstructions,outputtexttype)e-mail(40-50words)informal

explainingadevelopment,

askingforcomments,

requestinginformation,

agreeingtorequests

2Correspondence:OneormorepiecesofinputBusinesscorrespondenceNeutral/

e.g.explaining,apologising,from:business(mediummaybeletter,faxformal

reassuring,complainingcorrespondence(mediumore-mail)orshortreport

maybeletter,faxore-mail),orproposal(mediummay

Report:internalcommunicationbememoore-mail)

describing,summarising(mediummaybenote,(120-140words)

memo,ore-mail),notice,

Proposal:advert,graphs,chart,etc.

describing,summarising,(pluslayoutifoutputisfax

recommending,persuadingore-mail)

題型：1.商務便條類；2.商務便函類；3.商務書信類；4.商務報告類

注意：BEC不是單純的英語考試，也不是考察商務知識。

對策：學習、模仿高水平的論文

例題解析：

?Youworkforacompanywhichproduceslaserprinters.Youarevisitinganother

company,Softcell,tobuysomecomputersoftwareforyourdepartment.Theyhave

expressedaninterestinyourcompany5sprintersandyouwouldliketotaketwenty

brochuresandthreesampleprinterswithyou.

相關詞匯：laser,inkjet,projector(Barco),photocopier(Xerox),faxmachine,scanner,computer,

monitor

相關詞匯：companyliterature;brochure;leaflet;flyer;whitebook;datasheet;prospectus

?WriteashortnotetoMr.JimAsano,theSalesManager.

?Askingforhispermissiontotaketheseitems.

?Explainingwhyyouwantthem.

?Mentioningthetimeanddatewhenyouwanttocollectthem.

Write40-50wordsonyourAnswerSheet.

便函便條類題目的結構

Input:situationdescription

Task:memo,note,email

contentpoints

Write:internalmessage(40-50words)

注意：格式；發(fā)揮部分要確切

評分標準

BEC寫作評分方法

級別第一部分分

數

5全部完成答題要求

?所有內容點都已包括在內并在答題要求允

許的情況下加以發(fā)揮

?語言規(guī)范、自然；錯誤最少，均屬小錯。

9或10分

?多樣化的語言結構和豐富的詞匯量。

?組織效果好，注意前后呼應。

?語域和格式完全適當。

給讀者的印象極佳。

4較好的完成答題要求

?所有內容點都處理得不錯。

?大體準確；運用復雜語言口寸有錯誤。

?結構合理，用詞準確。7或8分

?大體上組織較好，注意邏輯關系。

?語域和格式總體來說適當。

給讀者的印象良好。

3尚能達到答題要求

?所有的主要內容點已包括進去，遺漏了一

些次要的內容。

?出現一些錯誤，但不妨礙交流。

5或6分

?結構和詞匯掌握范圍適度。

?組織和安排總的來說令人滿意。

?語域和格式尚可，雖然并不完全成功。

給讀者的印象較好。

2不能完全達到答題要求

?遺漏了一些主要的內容點或者處理得不充

分，可能有些不切題。

?有時錯誤影響清楚交流，錯誤較多，使讀

者感到迷惑。3或4分

?結構、詞匯掌握范圍有限。

?內容條理不清、不連貫，造成理解困難。

?語域和格式不適當。

給讀者的印象不佳。

1未能達到答題要求

?顯著的內容遺漏/或大量內容不相關，可能

由于對題目要求的誤解。

?嚴重不規(guī)范，經常出現基本錯誤?！?/p>

?題目要求的結構和詞匯兒乎沒有提到。刀

?缺乏組織，造成交流失敗。

?幾乎沒有使用適當的語域和格式。

給讀者的印象極差。

0什么要求也沒達到。字數少于所需字數的25%,

或是完全不能辨認或是完全不切題?！?/p>

注意：content;accuracy;conciseness

【例題】

?Christmasiscoming.YourcompanyisgoingtoholdtheannualChristmasparty.Asthe

secretaryofthegeneralmanager,youhelparrangethepreparationforit.

?Writeamemotoallemployees.

?Announcingtheplannedparty.

?Welcomingallemployeestojoinit.

?Introducingtheprogramsofit.

?Mentionthetimeandplacethatittakesplace.

?Write40—50wordsonyourAnswerSheet.

商務書信類

這一題型要求考生根據所提供的短文，如書信、傳真、便函、留言條(電話留言條)等，起

草一封書信，字數要求達到120—140詞左右。

題目結構：

Input:1situationdescription

2task

3targetreader

Reading:textsinnote,letter,fax,memo+contentpoints(handwrittennotes;secondletter)

Write:businessletter(120-140words)

注意英美拼寫問題

【例題】

?Youhaveorganisedaproductionconferenceforyourcompanywhichwillbeheldon10

October2005.ThefollowingistheletterofconfirmationyoureceivedfromtheConference

Centre.

?Readtheletterandfaxbelow,whichgivesdetailsoftheconference.

?Then,usingallinformationfromthefax,writeyourlettertoJohnSmithattheNuffield

ConferenceCentre,explainingthechangestothearrangements.

?Donotincludepostaladdresses.

?Write120-140wordsonseparatesheet.

DearConferenceOrganiser,

Iamwritingtoconfirmthearrangementsfortheconference.

DATEANDTIME:10thOctober-10a.m.to5p.m.

NUMBEROFGUESTS:50

ROOMSRESERVED10a.m.to12:30p.m.

CONFERENCEHALL3

2p.m.to5p.m.

SEMINARROOMS1,2,and3

CATERING:Coffee—11a.m.to11:30a.m.

Lunch-12:30p.m.to2p.m.

ConferenceCentreRestaurant

Tea-4p.m.

WelookfonvardtowelcomingyourcompanytotheNuffieldConferenceCentre.

Yoursfaithfully,

JohnSmith

TodayyourProductionManagerhassentyouthefaxbelowwithchangeshewouldliketo

maketotheconferencearrangements

FAX

I'mafraidwehavetomakesomelast-minutechangestothearrangementsforourproduction

conference.

1.Tenmoreguestshaveaccepted.

2.ThePresidentwantsonlyonehourforlunch,andjustasimplebuffet-notseatedinthe

restaurant.

TheConferenceSpeaker(TomMoors)can'tcomeuntil2pm.Sohewillgivehispresentationin

theafternoon.Canwemovetheseminarstothemorning?

Sorryaboutthis!

Sam

注意：1不要跑題

2適當發(fā)揮

3目標讀者

4不要抄襲

三種對策：

a換句型

e.g.Thisruleappliesineverycase.

Therearenoexceptionslotherule.（肯定句變否定句）

b換同義詞

e.g.Theargumentsputforwardbythesetwoauthorsarenearlythesame.

Theviewsexpressedbythetwowritersarealmostidentical,

c改詞性

e.g.TheEnglishlanguagehashadamajorimpactondevelopingotherworldlanguages.

OtherworldlanguageshavebeengreatlyaffectedbytheEnglishlanguageintheir

developments.

商務報告類

【例題】

?Yourecentlyattendedaone-daycourseonoificemanagement.Belowisthecourse

programme,withthecommentsyouwroteonit.

?WriteashortreportaboutthecourseforyourManager.Includeallyourcommentsandsay

whetheryourcompanyshouldsendotherstaffonthiscourse.Write120-140words.

?WriteonyourAnswerSheet.Donotwriteincapitalletters.

,practical

OFFICEMANAGEMENTSEMINAR

FieldHouse,London

26May1999

PROGRAMME

9.00-10.45Managingpeopleanddevelopingprodubtive

Workingrelationships

10.45-11.00Coffee

11.00X12.45lanningtheday,work-flow,prioritising

12.45-l.W)Lunch

1.30與.15Problem-solvinganddecision-making

3.15-3.3

3.3O^SOOtaffappraisalandstaffdevelopment

ulideas

shortto

Recommen

第二講BEC寫作的語言、語法、組織和文體

評分標準:

級別第一部分分第二部分分

數數

5全部完成答題要求

?所有內容點都已包括在內并在答題要求允

許的情況下加以發(fā)揮

?語言規(guī)范、自然；錯誤最少，均屬小錯。

9或10分18或20分

?多樣化的語言結構和豐富的詞匯量。

?組織效果好，注意前后呼應。

?語域和格式完全適當。

給讀者的印象極佳。

4較好的完成答題要求

?所有內容點都處理得不錯。

?大體準確；運用復雜語言時有錯誤。

?結構合理，用詞準確。7或8分14或16分

?大體上組織較好，注意邏輯關系。

?語域和格式總體來說適當。

給讀者的印象良好。

3尚能達到答題要求

?所有的主要內容點已包括進去，遺漏了一

些次要的內容。

?出現一些錯誤，但不妨礙交流。

5或6分10或12分

?結構和詞匯掌握范圍適度。

?組織和安排總的來說令人滿意。

?語域和格式尚可，雖然并不完全成功。

給讀者的印象較好。

2不能完全達到答題要求

?遺漏了一些主要的內容點或者處理得不充

分，可能有些不切題。

?有時錯誤影響清楚交流，錯誤較多，使讀

者感到迷惑。3或4分6或8分

?結構、詞匯掌握范圍有限。

?內容條理不清、不連貫，造成理解困難。

?語域和格式不適當。

給讀者的印象不佳。

1未能達到答題要求

?顯著的內容遺漏/或大量內容不相關，可能1或2分2或4分

由于對題目要求的誤解。

?嚴重不規(guī)范，經常出現基本錯誤。

?題目要求的結構和詞匯幾乎沒有提到。

?缺乏組織，造成交流失敗。

?幾乎沒有使用適當的語域和格式。

給讀者的印象極差。

0什么要求也沒達到。字數少于所需字數的25%,公益

或是完全不能辨認或是完全不切題。力力

評分五個方面：

1content

2language

3structure&vocabulary

4organisation

展開論述上面的5個方面

1內容的完整性

2語言

6C原則

1.準確(correctness)

包括四層意義，即閱讀人能理解、接受的英語水平；使用精確措詞，傳達準確信息；正

確地使用語法利標點符號；拼寫正確。

(1)恰當的語言風格

請比較下面兩組例詞:

FormalInformal

approximatelyAbout

inquireAsk

ascertainfindout

obtainreceive

assisthelp

participateshare

constructbuild

purchasebuy

contributegive

sufficientenough

difficulthard

utilizeuse

(2)準確的措詞和信息

下面列出的是一系列極易混淆的單詞及詞組，請注意區(qū)分:

alot/allot

allright/alright

cannot/cannot

differentfrom/differentthan

.dueto/becauseof

effect/affect

fewer/less

lie/lay

principal/principle

that/which

their/them/they're

waitfor/waiton

who/whom

(3)正確的語法和標點符號

(4)正確的拼寫

2.清楚(Clarity)

(1)邏輯布局(LogicalOrganization)

常用的邏輯布局方法包括：

①因果關系(Cause&Effect)

②時I'HJ順序(ChronologicalDevelopment)

③序列順序(SequentialDevelopment)

④比較(Comparison)

⑤一般到特殊(FromGeneraltoSpecific)

⑥特殊到一般(FromSpecifictoGeneral)

(2)合理構架句群與段落(WeH-WrillenSentences&Paragraphs)

例句：

修改前：MarshallCorporationwasfoundedfortyyearsago,anditnowhasbranchofficesin

fourstates,anditemploysnearly400individuals.

修改后：MarshallCorporationwasfoundedfortyyearsago.Withbranchofficesinfour

states,itnowemploysnearly400individuals.

(3)統(tǒng)一性與一致性(UnityandCoherence)

(4)強調(Emphasis)

①位置

②重復

③數量

④技巧

(5)將句中關系緊密的詞盡量靠近。

比較下面三對句子：

A.TheyboughtabicycleinBeijinginasmallshopwhichcosts$25,00.

Theyboughtabicyclefor$25,00inasmallshopinBeijing.

B.Hewaswarnednottodrinkwatereveninarestaurantwhichhadnotbeenboiled.

Hewaswarnednottodrinkwaterwhichhadnotbeenboiled.

C.Thosewhoworkrapidlygetillintheseconditions.

Thosewhoworkintheseconditionsrapidlygetill.

(6)避免在同一個句子中使用意義不同的同一個字。

Weshalltakeafirmlinewiththefirm.

Weshalltakeastronglinewiththefilm.

3.簡潔(Conciseness)

A.Wehavebeguntoexportourmachinetocountriesabroad.

Wehavebeguntoexportourmachines.

B.IntheeventthatyouspeaktoMr.Woodinregardtoproduction,askhimtogive

considerationtothedeliveryschedule.

IfyouspeaktoMr.Woodaboutproduction,askhimtoconsiderthedeliveryschedule.

C.Werequirefurniturewhichisofthenewtype.

Werequirenew?typefurniture.

(1)使用簡潔的語言(Usesimplelanguage)

盡量使用避免使用

pleasewillyoubegoodenoughto

preferexpressapreferencefor

becauseforthereasonthat

⑵少用陳詞濫調(Omittriteexpressions)

asthecasemaybe

ithascometomyattention

atanearlyage

availyourselfofthisopportunity

previousto

crackofdawn

pursuanttoyourrequest

takethelibertyto

duetothefactthat

thankingyouinadvance

enclosedherein

thisistoinformyou

underseparatecover

withkindestregards

Iwishtostate

(3)避免冗長的表達方式和不必要的重復(avoidwordyexpressions&unnecessaryrepetition)o

WordyConcise

1.Wewouldliketoplease

2.ForthemonthofAugustforAugust

3.Pursuanttotheendofthisweeknow

4.Alongperiodoftimealongtime

5.Atthistimenow

6.Isatthistimeis

7.Theweightwashigherthantheweightwasgreaterthan

8.1expectedittobeexpected

9.Duringtheyearof1995during1995

10.Forthedevelopmentoffordeveloping

11.InthecityofDallasinDallas

12.Theproblemwasthatthecarwouldnotthecarwouldnotstart

start

13.Squareinshapesquare

14.inaccordancewithyourrequestyourequested

15.Signonthefrontofthisformsignthisform

16.Duringthetimethatwhile

17.Consensusofopinionweagree

18.Rememberthefactthatremember

19,Heldameetingmet

20.thisisthesituationatthistimenow

(4)刪改無關緊要的成份(Removeunneededfacts)

A.Itshouldbenotedthatthisisthebestwecando,

B.Foryourinformationweencloseacatalogue.

C.PleasebeadvisedIhatwehavereceivedyourinvoice.

1.assoonaspossiblebyJuly10

2.asyouindicatedinyourletterasyouindicated

3.atalltimesalways

4.atthistimenow

5.continuetoutilizetheoldfonnuntilstartusingthenewformonFebruary

suchtimeasthenewformisavailable

6.despitethefactthatdespite

7.forthemonthofAprilforApril

8.forobviousreasonthatbecause

9.Iwouldaskthatyouplease

10.inconjunctionwithwith

11.inthemererecentpastrecently

12.intheunlikelyeventthatif

13.intheunlikelyeventthatIamunabletoifIamlate,pleasedelaythemeeting

beontime,pleasedelaythemeeting

14.inviewofthefactthatbecause

15.itwillbegreatlyappreciatedifyouplease

16.ourproductionofthenewproductwillproductionwillbeginonJuly1

commenceonJuly1

17.pleasebeadvisedthatweexpectyoutopleasereviewthecontract

reviewtheenclosedcontract

(5)多使用主動語態(tài)的句子結構以明確表達意思。

PaymentoftheiraccountswillbemadebyJohnsonsnextweek.

Johnsonswillpaytheiraccountsnextweek.

4.具體(Concreteness)

(1)盡可能地提供明確、具體的信息。

A.Thesebrakescanstopacarwithinashortdistance.

TheseGoodsonpowerbrakescanstopa2-toncarwithin24feet.

B.Wehopetheequipmentwillbedeliveredtoourcompanyassoonaspossible.

PleasedelivertheequipmenttoourcompanybeforenextFriday.

C.Sheisafasttypist.

Shetypesatthefastrateof85wordsperminute.

(2)使用具體詞匯

A.Wehavenohesitationinadvisingyou...

Weadviseyou...

B.Thepreparationofnewpricescaleisinhand.

Newpricescalesarebeingpreparedthisweek.

C.Duetotheunusualnatureoftherequest,...

Astherequestisunusual,...

agreatdealoftime,bad,large,good,small,around,old,convenient,young,little,majority,

minority,most,less

5.完整(Completeness)

自查：誰(Who)?什么(What)?什么時候(When)?在哪里(Where)?為什么(Why)?怎么樣

(How)?

6.禮貌(Courtesy)

例如：

DearMrs.Walters,

Becauseyoudelayedsolonginyourresponse,ModelGSFisoffstock.Ifyouareinterested,

wehavesomesimilarmodelsonhand

Yourstruly,

修改：

DearMrs.Walters

IfIhadknownyourneedsbeforeMay20,IcouldhaveshippedModelGSPimmediately.

However,thespringsaledrainedourstock.

TheModelGSK,asimilarinstrument,isinstock,andyoucouldhaveitatthesamepriceas

theGSF.Itnormallysellsfor$10,000more.wewillshipitassoonasyougiveustheword.

Yourssincerely

(1)使用禮貌友好的詞匯

A.說“Thankyou"，例如：

Thankyouforyourletterofyesterday.

Thankyouforyourpromptreply.

Thankyouforhelpingusinthisrespect.

Thankyouforyourinformation.

(2)體諒對方的寫作態(tài)度(You-Attitude)

Writeremphasis:WeareshippingyourorderonFriday.

Readeremphasis:YouwillreceiveyourorderbyMonday,October10.

Writeremphasis:Toreduceourcosts,wearechangingthebillingsystem.

Readeremphasis:Toprovideyouwithclearrecords,wearechangingourbillingsystem.

Writeremphasis:Iwaspleasedtohearthattheprojectwascompleted.

Readeremphasis:Congratulationsonsuccessfullycompletingtheproject

Writeremphasis:Weregretthatyouclosedyouraccountwithusaweekago.Webelievethat

peoplemaycomebacktoourbankagainsoonerorlatersincewehavea

goodcreditamongourcustomers.

Readeremphasis:Aweekagoyouclosedyouraccountwithus.Whateverthereason,weare

pleasedtohaveplayedsomesmallpartinyourprogram.Youarecordially

invitedtouseour'otherservicesasoccasionmayrequire.

(3)措辭得體(AppropriateWording)

a.避免采用消極性的詞匯或句式

NegativeWording:TheofficeisclosedafterfourO'clock,

PositiveWording:TheofficeisopenuntilfourO'clock.

NegativeWording:WhenIreceivedyourcomplaint,Icheckedourrecords.

PositiveWording:WhenIreceivedyourletter,Icheckedourrecords.

NegativeWording:Becauseyoufailedtoconnectthecable,thepicturewasblurred.

PositiveWording:ThepicturewasbluiTedbecausetheV-2cablewasnotconnectedtothe

terminal.

NegativeWording:Youdidnotreadmyrecentletter.

PositiveWording:PleaserefertomyJune10thletter.

NegativeWording:TheExecutiveBoarddidnotreceivenotification.

PositiveWording:SeveralmembersoftheExecutiveBoardinquiredaboutthetimeofour

Decembermeeting.Willyoupleasesendthemafollow-up?

NegativeWording:Yourletterwasnotclear.

PositiveWording:Iwouldappreciateanoutlineofourmarketingdifferencesthatyou

mentionedinyourOctober14thletter.

b.有失禮貌的言詞

Wedenyyourclaimcomplaint

Wedonotbelieveconfusion

Wearenotsurecontrary

Wefinditdifficulttounderstandcontrivance

Weexpectdelinquent

Weinsistdeny

Weareforceddisagreeable

Wetakeissueexasperate

Youforgotfailure

Youneglectedignorance

Youfailedtoimpatience

Youmisunderstoodincompetent

Youmustincredible

Youshouldknowinexcusable

Youdonothaveinference

Youaredelinquentinsincere

Youinsistthatinsinuate

Youdidnotsayinsulting

Yourignoringintolerable

Yourcreditrefusalirresponsible

Yourrecentcomplaintirritated

Yourfailuretolack

Yourmisunderstandingneglect

Yourneglectfulattitudeobjection

Yourdisregardforobnoxious

Yourinsinuationoffensive

Yourlackofcommunicationunbelievable

Yourdelinquentaccountuncooperative

(4)避免使用有性別歧視之嫌的詞語

A.用“person”代替第三人稱單數。

例如：

Insteadof:Pleasesharethisreportwithyoursupervisor.Hewillfinditinteresting.

Say:Pleasesharethisreportwithyoursupervisor,whowillfinditinteresting.

B.有一些常用的商務英語詞匯有性別歧視之嫌，應該稍加改變。

InsteadofSay

Businessmanbusinessperson

workmenemployees/worker

Chairmanchairperson

Foremensupervisors

Salesmansalesrepresentative/salesperson

Spokesmanspokesperson

Stockboystockclerk

Workmanemployee/worker

(5)及時答復(TimelyResponse)

例：Wewillexamineyourcameratodeterminetheshutter-responseproblemandhaveitback

toyouwithinthreeweeks,ifrepairsaxeneeded,Iwillcallyouforapprovaltomaketherepairs.

例：Mr.Smithisoutoftheofficeuntiltheendofthemonth.Iamsurehewillbeableto

provideyouwithalloftheinformationyourequestedwhenhereturns.

連貫和銜接

(一)連貫(coherence)

常見連接詞有：

1表示羅列增加

First,second,third,

First,then/next,afterthat/next,finally

Foronething...foranother...,

On(the)onehand...ontheotherhand,

Besides/what'smore/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/another/also,

Especially/Inparticular,

2表示時間順序

now,atpresent,recently,

after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,

atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,

later,next,finally,

immediately,soon,suddenly,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themoment

formnowon,fromthenon,

atthesametime,meanwhile,

till,not...until,before,after,when,while,asduring,

3表示解釋說明

now,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,inthiscase,moreover

furthermore,infact,actually

4表示轉折關系

but,however,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,ontheother

hand,incontrast,despite,inspiteof,eventhough,except(for),instead,ofcourse,afterall,

5表示并列關系

or,and,also,too,notonly...butalso,aswellas,both...and,either...or,neither...nor

6表示因果關系

because,becauseof,since,nowthat,as,thanksto...,dueto...,therefore,asaresult(of),

otherwise,so...that,such...that

7表示條件關系

as(so)longas,onconditionthat,if,unless

8表不讓步關系

though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whether...or...,however,whoever,

whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,nomatterhow(who,what,which,where,when,

whom)

9表示舉例

forexample,forinstance,suchas...,take...forexample

10表示比較

besimilarto,similarly,thesameas,incontrast,comparedwith(to)...justlike,justas,

11表示目的

forthisreason,,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto,

12表示強調

indeed,infact,surely,certainly,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,

obviously,aboveall,

13表示概括歸納

inaword,inshort,inbrief,onthewhole,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,asfarasIknow,

Asweallknow,ashasbeenstated,asIhaveshown,finally,atlast,insummary,inconclusion,

(二)彳釘接(cohesion)

1返指(referringback)

彳列：Davisopenedadoor."Hereisyourroom.Iamafraiditisabituntidy.^^Hepickedadirty

handkerchiefoffthefloorandstuffeditinadrawer.

Thekeepercamelopingsoftlyupthelanewiththedogpaddingathisheelsandwewatched

themthroughthehedgeastheywentby.

1heldherveryclose.Mycheekwasagainsthers.

例：Thewomenwereaskedtoleave.Someofthemrefused.

Theearthquakekilled24,000peopleandinsured77,000.

例：Amanandawomanwerestrugglingupthedune.Themanworeshorts.Thewomanwore

aprintdress.

2預指(referringforward)

有多