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文檔簡介
學(xué)習(xí)資料共享QQ776597299QQ群124503282
考研英語寫作補充講義
汪江濤老師編寫
說明:本講義跟面授班發(fā)的補充講義一樣,頁碼也一樣
、
1、Introduction:
1)Generaldescription
2)Details1,2,3
3)Caption/Symbolicmeanings
2^Body:
1)Topicsentence/Symbolicmeanings
2)Argument:background,facts,others,opinions,reasons,consequence
(1)Causeandeffect
(2)Classification
(3)Definitionandexplanation
(4)Statisticsandfacts:Accordingtotherecent
survey/data/figure/statistics/studybytheChineseAcademyofSocial
Science,...%(percent)....
(5)Exemplification:
A.Numerousexamplescanbegiven,butthis/thesewillsuffice.
B.Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationthanthefollowingone(s).
C.This/Thesecase(s)effectivelyclarifythat...
(6)Compareandcontrast
3)Summary
3、Conclusion:
1)Concludingsentence
2)Suggestions1、2
3)Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.(Itishightimethatwesolvedthis
problem.)
—、
1、
2、
First(ly),Inthefirstplace,Tobeginwith,Firstandforemost,Aboveall,Ontheonehand,For
onething,
Second(ly),Inthesecondplace,Besides,Inaddition,Whal'smore,Furthermore,Moreover,
Ontheotherhand,Foranother
Last(ly),(The)Lastbutnot(the)least,Moreimportantly,Evenworse,
3、
Conversely,Nevertheless,Unfortunately,Whereas,Yet,Instead,In/Bycomparison/contrast,
Onthecontrary,
4、
Asaresuit/consequence,Consequently,Accordingly,Thus,Hence,Generally/Briefly
speaking,
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1、5m,30m,12h,1、2、4、7、14d
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2、
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四、
1、ACCURACY:extensive(awiderangeof)knowledge,fiercecompetition
2、VARIETY:
1)
(1)1holdtheopinionthat,AsfarasIamconcerned,
(2)clingtotheidea,inmyopinion/view,pointout,
(3)maintain,reckon,assert,hold,claim,emphasize,insist,suppose,assume
2)
(1)Dueattentionhastobepaidto,Importanceshouldbeattachedto,
(2)beofgreatimportance/significance
(3)vital,essential,crucial,significant
3)peopleingrowing/expanding/increasing/mountingnumbers
4)forthepurposeof,aimto/at,inabidto
3、DIFFICULTY:primary/fundamentalfactors/courses.
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4、SPLENDOR:
1)Myeyesweresparklingwithdelight.
2)HeHiedintoastormyrage.
3)Ifellintotheabyssofunspeakablepain.
4)Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeoplearewillingtosacrificehigherpayfor
theprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.
五、
1、
1)Isucceed.
2)IlikeLdy.
3)LYissmart.
4)WeiXiaobaogaveAkeanEnglishdictionary.
5)Tulongdaomademanypeopleselfish.
2、
1)Thefactthatagreatmanyseniorcitizensareill-treatedindicates/suggeststhatthis
issueisextremelyserious.
2)Whattheyfailtounderstandisthatrespectingtheelderlyisatraditionalvirtueof
Chineseculture.
3、We,studentsfromHZ,oneofthebestuniversitiesinBeijing,whichisthemostbeautiful
cityinChina,thegreatestcountryintheworld,aresingingapopsongnamedNDYZ
sungbyLDy,whoismyfavoritesinger,afterweplayedMJthewholenight.
八_x_、
1、
1)Naturaldisastersclaimhundredsofliveseveryyear.
2)Idoappreciateyourefforts.
3)Onceinfrontofme,layarealchance.Yet,Ididnotvalueit.NotuntilthemomentI
lostit,didIrealizehowregretfulIwas.IfGodgavemeanotheropportunity,I
wouldneverstopmakingprogress.
4)Isatoutsideinthehall.Everythinginsidemehasgoneaway.Ididn'tthink.Icould
notthink.Iknewshewasleavingme,butIprayedshenot.(ErnestHemingway:
TheSunAlsoRises)
2、Aculturecanbeaccepted,respected,appreciatedandshared.
3^environmentalprotection/awareness
4^withdueconsiderationof,takeintoaccount/consideration
5、
1)
(1)只有這樣下崗工人才能徹底擺脫貧困并且重新獲得他們生命中的尊
嚴(yán)。
(2)總而言之,只有長期學(xué)習(xí)才有助于你掌握大的詞匯量。
(3)考慮到上述所有論證,政府早就該實行改革把傳統(tǒng)教育模式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗?/p>
質(zhì)教育。
2)
(1)Onlyinthiswaycanlaid-offworkerscompletelyshrugoffpovertyandregaintheir
dignityinlife.
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(2)Inconclusion,itispersistentworkthatisconducivetoyourgraspinga
large/considerablevocabulary.
(3)Givenalltheabovearguments,itishightimethattheauthoritiesenforcedreforms
toconverttraditionaleducationstrategyintoeducationforall-round
development/quality-orientededucation.
6、AsJohnF.Kennedyputit,“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucan
doforyourcountry.”
7、
1)Justasanoldsayinggoes,“AHworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.^^
2)Justasanoldsayinggoes,4tGodonlyhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.”(天助自助者
/自助者天助之!)
七、
(一)
1、BikesaresopopularinChina.
2、Itisincredibletomanypeople.Cigarettesmokersspendmoneyforillness.
3、IsaidIhavemorerespectforhimthanhiswife.
4、Wecouldn'tdecideuponanewcar,thereweremanyattractivemodels.
5、Hewasknockeddownbyabycicle,butitwasnotserious.
6、lbsucceedinascientificresearchproject,persistenceisneeded.
7、Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod,whilenowthelaboratorymethodis
employed.
8、Itwasbothalongceremonyandverytedious.
9、Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobyhisdeeds.
10>Thecompetitionforcollegeenrollmentisextremelykeenthisyearandtheandidates
spenddaysandnightspreparingfortheentranceexaminationandtheyneglecttheir
healthandsothenewspaperscarryarticlesurgingteachersandparentstotakeupthis
problemseriously.
11Inmyopinion,Ithinkthepictureisverymeaningful.
12>Thedistantexplosionwasaudibletotheear.
13、TherearefourcompaniesinShanghai,andanyofthemcansupplyuswithspareparts.
14>Thebottlethatareplacedontheshelfcontainsomechemicalsthathavebeennewly
discovered.
15>Mr.Li,whoismyfavoriteprofessor,hasreceivedaDistingusihedTeacherAward.
(二)
1、BikesaresopopularinChinathatalmosteveryfamilyhasatleastone.
2、Itisincredibletomanypeoplethatcigarettesmokersspendmoneyforillness.
3、IsaidIhadmorerespectforhimthanforhiswife.
4、Wecouldn'tdecideuponanewcar,forthereweremanyattractivemodels.
5、Hewasknockeddownbyabycicle,butwasnotseriouslyhurt.
6、Tosucceedinascientificresearchproject,oneneedstobepersistent.
7、Formerly,sciencewastaughtbythetextbookmethod;nowitistaughtbythelaboratory
method.
8、Theceremonywasbothlongandtedious.
9、Amanisjudgednotonlybywhathesaysbutalsobywhathedoes.
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10>Asthecompetitionforcollegeenrollmentisextremelykeenthisyear,theandidates
spenddaysandnightspreparingfortheentranceexamination,neglectingtheirhealth.
Inviewofthis,thenewspaperscarryarticlesurgingteachersandparentstotakeupthis
problemseriously.
11>Inmyopinion,thepictureisverymeaningful./Ithinkthepictureisverymeaningful.
12>Thedistantexplosionwasaudible.
13、AnyofthefourcompaniesinShanghaicansupplyuswithspareparts.
14>Thebottlesontheshelfcontainsomenewchemicals.
15>Mr.Li,myfavoriteprofessor,hasreceivedaDistingusihedTeacherAward.
八、
1、
1)increase,grow,rise,expand,ascend,accumulate,surge,swell
jump,leap,skyrocket,soarclimb
2)go/pushup,post/register/manageamoderate/smallgain,gainamomentum,
continueitsupwardtrend
3)increase,growth,rise,expansion,ascendance,accumulation,pickup,gain,
jump,leapclimb
4)ontherise/increase/ascendance
2、
1)decrease,decline,fall,reduce,descend,diminish,dwindle,plunge,
plummet,drop,dip,slump,slide,shrink,collapse
2)godown,drop/falloff,takeadip,continueitsdownwardtrend
3)decrease,decline,diminishment,slowdown,crawl,slump,shrinkage,dip,
drop,fall
4)onthedecline
3、
1)dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,suddenly,greatly,alarmingly,
significantly,enormously,steeply,incredibly,hugely,amazingly,hugely,substantially
2)atanalarmingrate,byleapsandbounds,inbigleaps,byamassiveleap,
byawidemargin
4、
I)gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,marginally,slowly,moderately
2)inamoderateway,bytheleastamount
5、remain/staystable/steady/constant/thesame/unchanged
6、riseandfall,fluctuateslightly/dramatically,fluctuatebetween...and...,aminorfluctuation,
Wecanseesmallrisesandfalls/fluctuations.
九、
(一)
1、
1)DearSirorMadam,DearSir/Madam,Towhomitmayconcern,
2)DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,DearPresident(Michael)
Wang,
2、
1)DearMr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,DearPresident(Michael)
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Wang,
2)DearMichael,
(二)
1、
1)
2)
(1)Iamastaffmemberfromyourcompany/corporation.
(2)Iamafreshman/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduatefromthe
DepartmentofChineseLanguageandLiteratureofBeijingUniversity.
3)Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeoforderingsomebooks/resigningfrommy
currentpost/position.
2、
1)
2)
3)
3、
1)
2)
(1)Myappreciationtoyouforyourgeneroushelpisbeyondwords.
(2)WordsfailmewhenIwanttoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyou.
(3)Itakethisopportunitytoshowmyheartfeltappreciationforthekind
assistanceyourenderedme.
3)
(1)Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply/hearingfromyousoon.
(2)Ilookforwardtoafavorablereplyatyourearliestconvenience.
(3)Yourpromptattentiontomyinquirywouldbehighlyappreciated.
(三)
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
Manypeopleappreciatetheconveniencesofthecity.Thecityoffersawidechoiceofjobsfor
adultsandschoolsforchildren.Italsoprovidesplentyoffacilitiesforculture,entertainmentand
recreation------restaurants,departmentstores,cinemas,andsoon.Besides,transportationis
usuallywelldevelopedinthecity,withavarietyofmodesoftravel,includingbuses,tramsand
subways.
Inthecountry,ontheotherhand,onecanenjoytheadvantagesoffreshairandfood,andamore
relaxedlifestyle.Housingisusuallyspaciousandinexpensiveinthecountry.And,asfor
recreation,whatcouldbemorerelaxingthanastrolldownacountrylaneamidbeautifulscenery?
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Conversely,therearedisadvantegestolivingineitherthecityorthecountry.Cityairtendsto
bepolluted,andthestreetsarealwayscrowdedandnoisy.Inthecountry,bycontrast,thelackof
stimulatingactivitiescanmakeapersonfeelboredandisolated.
Allinall,Iwouldsaythatlivinginthecityisbest,fortheconveniencethecityoffersintermsof
educationandwork;afterall,onecanalwaysspendvacationsinthecountry------andgetthebest
ofboth.(198)
2.
Nowadaysthereisoftenalackofunderstandingbetweenparentandchild.Aschildrengetolder,
theybecomelesseagertocommunicatewiththeirparents,andaso-called''generationgap"is
formed.
Therearemanycausesforthis.Firstofall,parentstendtobeconservativeandsatisfiedwith
whattheyhave,whilechildrenarealwayskeentoexperiencesomethingnew,andarequickto
adoptnewfashionsandwaysofthinking.Parents,becausetheyhaveabetterunderstandingofthe
dangersinsociety,criticizetheiryounsters,behaviorandarereluctanttoletthemhavetheirown
way.Atthesametime,childrenregradtheirparentsasold-fashionedandignorantofthemodem
world.
Todispelsuchmisunderstanding,Ireckonthatparentsshouldrealizethattheirtheirchildrendo
notneedconstantprotectionsomuchashelptostandontheirownfeetasindependentyoung
people.Meanwhile,childrenshouldrecognizethattheirparentshaveawealthofexperience,and
appreciatetheiradviceandassistance.(165)
3.
TodaymoreandmoreadvertisementsareappearingontheTVscreen.Theyarenotonlyshown
beforeandafterallkindofprograms------news,weatherforecasts,quizshows,andsoon------but
eveninterruptdramasandmovies,andannoytheviewers.
Thefactorsforthisphenomenonarethat,tobeginwith,TVismostefficientandrapidwayof
disseminatinginformation.AsChinadevelopsitshighlycompetitivemarketeconomy,
manufacturesandsalespeopleneedtoinformthegeneralpublicofthelatestcommoditiesthatare
available.Furthermore,TVstationsusethemoneythattheyearnfromshowingthe
advertisementstoproducemoreprograms.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytokeepconsumers
informedoftherangeofproductsthattheymaychoosefrom.
Accordingly,advertisementsonTVservethreeusefulpurposes.Nevertheless,theTVstations
shouldavoidshowingadvertisementswhichareofpoorqualityandmakesurethatadvertisements
donotappearsofrequentlythattheyspoiltheviewers*enjoymentofhisorherfavouriteprograms.
(167)
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4.
Asahumanbeing,onecanhardlydowithoutafriend.Infact,friendsaresometimesmore
vitalandusefultousthanourownfamilymembers.Ourjoysaremorepleasantwhenwehavea
friendtosharethem;andoursorrowsareeasiertobearifwehaveafriendatourside.Indeed,we
sometimesfinditeasiertoconfideinfriendswhenwehavesecretswearereluctanttorevealto
evenourclosestrelatives.
Unfortunately,notallthepeopleweareaccustomedtocallingfriendsarefriendsinthetruesense
oftheword;mostofthepeoplewesharesocialoccasionswitharemerelyacquaintances.Real
friendshipinvolvessincerity,mutualtrustandself-sacrifice,bothinmomentsofhappinessandon
occasionsofcrisis.Atruefriendwillnotjusttelluswhatwewanttohear,butadviseustodowhat
heorsheassumesisreallybestforusinthelongrun.
Myprincipleinmakingfriendsistoignorethingslikewhatworktheydoandwhattheirsocial
backgroundsare,but,instead,toobservecarefullythelittlethingsthatrevealtheircharacters.
OnlyinthiswaycanIbesurethatthesefriendswillneverletmedown,andthatwewillalways
bereadytohelpeachothernomatterwhatproblemscropup.(226)
5.
Educationplaysaveryimportantroleinthemodernizationofourcountry.Withouta
well-educatedpopulation,Chinawillnotbeabletoachieveitsplannedeconomicgrowth,
catchupwiththedevelopednationstechnologicallyorimprovethelivingstandardsofits
people.Yet,accordingtorecentstatistics,thereareovertwomillionchildreninChinawho
havedroppedoutofschoolbecausetheirparentsaretoopoortopaythefees.
Atthemoment,theauthorityhastoomanythingstodoasitbuilduptheeconomy,and
cannotaffordthemoneyneededtogetthosechildrenbacktoschool.Andsoanationwidedrive
isnecessarytoraisefundstorescuethemfromilliteracyandignorance.Thatdriveiscalledthe
“ProjectHope”.Theprojectisatimelyresponsetotheproblem,andmanychildrenlivinginthe
poverty-strickenpartsofChinanowhaveamorebilliantfuturebecauseofthegenerosityofthe
peoplewhohavedonatedmoneytoit.
Nevertheless,the“ProjectHope“isonlyatemporarymeasure,andnotapermanentsolution.
Whatisneededisaproperlyfundededucationsystemsothatallchildrencanbeguaranteedan
educationwhichwillequipthemtoplaytheirrolestothefullinthemodernizationofChina.
(211)
6.
Thedesireforgoodhealthisuniversal.Withthequickeningpaceofurbanlifeand
ever-increasingpressure,peopleinmountingnumbersaresufferingeitherphysicalormental
problems.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatgoodhealthisthekeytoahappylifeanda
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successfulcareer.
Therearenumerouswaysofkeepingfit.Firstandforemost,itismosteffectivetodophysical
exercises.Peoplerespectivelychoosejogging,playingbasketball,swimming,skating,climbingor
ridingastheirregularexercisesinthatexercisesneverfailtomakeusstrongerandmoreenergetic.
Moreover,weshouldputgeatemphasisonforminggoodhabits.Abalanceddietandsufficient
sleeparebothindispensabletophysicalfitness.Moreimportantly,mentalhealthshouldalsobe
takenseriously.Especiallyinadversity,weneedtomaintainanoptimisticmentalitytopull
throughlife'spainandsorrow,twistsandturns.
AsfarasIamconcerned,Ihaveapeculiarinterestinyogaexercise.Anhour'sexerciseevery
dayusuallymakesmefeelhealthierandmorevigorous.Besides,Inevertouchanycigaretteor
wine,neitherdoIstayuplate.Instead,Ikeepabalanceddietandgotobedbefore11o'clockat
nightforIsupposeburingthemidnightoilisharmfultohealth.Whatismore,anoptimistic
attitudetowardlifemakesmeconfidentandpersistent.Tosumup,allthesepracticesguarantee
afithealthandahappylife.(236)
7.P.31
8.
Ascanbeseenfromthehumorouscartoon,ahen,whilelayingeggs,isproudlypromisingthat
hereggsareallnormalandoval-shapedratherthantwisted.Besides,theyallconsistofshells,egg
whitesandyokes.Sincethehenisemphasizingasimplefactknowntoeveryone,thepromise
soundsrathermeaninglessandqueer.
Undoubedly,thedrawinghassymbolicallyrevealedaseriousprobleminourdailylife,the
widespreadmeaninglesspromisesmadebypeoplefromallwalksoflife.Inparticular,some
profit-drivenenterprisestakeadvantageofsuchpromisestowinpeople'strustandfavor.Although
theirproductshavenothingtorecommend,theypresentmisleadingadvertisementsanddeceptive
descriptionstoexaggeratetheirordinarywork.Similarly,someindividuals,obsessedwithfame
andsuccess,tryeverymeanstopublicizetheirdeeds,butactuallytheyarejustassumingtheir
duties.Suchemptypromisesandboastswilldefinitelydogreatharmtopeopleaswellastothe
society.
Hence,Measuresshouldbetakentoterminatetheridiculouspractices.Foronething,
authoritiesshouldestablishsomeregulationstoprohibitenterprisesandpeoplefrommaking
suchpromises.Foranother,peopleshouldgetreadytopasscriticismuponemptypromises
anytimeandanywhere.Afterall,itisimperativetodevelopoursocietybyperforminghard
workinsteadoftalkingnonsense.(215)
9.
ThetwochartsshowthattheincreaseintheU.S.populationhasbeenaccompaniedbya
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correspondingdeclineinthenumberofwildlifespecies.Fartoomanyspecieshavebeenlost
already.Thisposesadangertotheecologicalbalance.
Asthehumanpopulationexpands,wildanimalsinmountingnumbersarehuntedforfood,or
becausetheyarethoughttopresentathreattoman.Butstudiesshowthatoneoftheprimary
causesofthedisappearanceofwildlifeispollution,whichisoneoftheconsequencesof
populationgrowthandeconomicdevelopment.Thismakesuswonderifmenareabletoshare
thisplanetinharmonywithotherlifeforms.
Inmyopinion,itisimperativeforustotakestepstoreversethedisturbingtrendillustrated
inthecharts.Onemeasurewouldbetoforbidthebuildingofcitiesinareaswherewildlifeis
threatenedwithextinction.But,moreimportantly,menmustlearntostoppollutingthe
environment,orhehimselfwillbeextinct.(167)
10.P.41
11.
Whenweusetheword“l(fā)ove",wedonotsimplymeananattractiontoapersonoftheopposite
sex,whichisaverynarrowdefinitionoftheword.Thepicturebelowillustratesthereal
meaningoflove,bystressingthefactthatloveisemotionalstrength,whichcansupportusno
matterhowdarktheworldaroundusbecomes.Infact,throughouthistorypeopleofmany
differentcultureshaveregardedloveasthenoblestofhumanemotions.
Asanexampleofthepoweroflove,weshouldrememberhowtheChinesepeopleofall
nationalitiesrespondtothecalltohelpthevictimsofnaturaldisasterseveryyear.Althoughtheir
incomesarestilllowbyinternationalstandards,peoplealloverthecountrydonothesitateto
donatewhatevertheycan------beitmoneyorgoods------tohelptheirneedyfellowcitizens.
Moreover,theydothiswithnothoughtofgainforthemselves.
Inmyopinion,thebestwaytoshowloveistohelppeoplewhoaremoreunfortunatethanweare.
Weshouldalwaysbereadytogiveahelpinghandtothosewhoareintrouble,nomatter
whethertheyarefamilymembersorcompletestrangers.Inthisway,wecanhelptomakethe
worldabetterplace,for,asthepictureshows,thedarkertheshadowsofsorrowbecome,the
morebrightlythelampofloveshines.(232)
12.
ThepicturevividlydepictsalovelyAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostumewithasweet
smileonherface.Shewearsribbons,necklacesandotheraccessoriesthatarecharacteristicof
theclothesofacertainChineseminoritygroup.Undoubtedly,thecostumehasaddedoriental
charmtoherbeautifullook/appearance/features.
Whatthepictureconveysgoesfarbeyondonlyanewfashiontrend.Instead,itcarries
culturalmeanings.Thefactthatpeoplefromdifferentcountriesareattractedtomysterious
Chinesecultureindicatesthattosomeextentaculturecanbeaccepted,respected,appreciated
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andsharedinternationally.Inotherwords,anation'suniqueculturecanbecomeinternational
throughworldwideeconomicandculturalexchanges.Sincethetrendofglobalizationbecome
irresistible,culturalcommunicationcaneffectivelyimprovemutualunderstandingandfriendship.
Itismyviewthatnationalcultureaspricelessspiritualtreasureshouldbepreservedand
cherished.Meanwhile,therearegoodreasonstoadvocateinternationalcultureforthoseideas
fromtheothercultures,controversialorevenabsurdatfirstsight,canprovideadifferent
perspectiveforustoobservetheworldinthelongrun.Nevertheless,whenweareconfronted
withadifferentculture,weshouldbesensibleenoughtoabsorbitsessenceandtoresistitsdark
side.Onlyinthiswaycanwepromoteculturaldevelopmentpositivelyandmakeourworld
dimensional,colorfulandvigorous.(220)
13.
Thesetofdrawingsabovevividlydepictsthedestinyofaflowerindifferentcircumstances.As
isshowninthefirstcartoon,theflowerisplacedinacomfortablegreenhousethatsheltersit
fromthethreateninglighteningandstorm.Withpropertemperature,moistureandfertilizer,the
flowerisgrowinginfullbloom.Onthecontrary,whenremovedfromthegreenhouseand
exposedtothedrivingrain,theflowersoonfadesandwithers,withthepetalscastaboutonthe
grounds.
Tobeginwith,thepurposeofthedrawingsistoshowusthattheflowergrowinginthegreen
housecannotwithstandthetestofthestorm,yetthesymbolicmeaningssubtlyconveyedshould
betakenmoreseriously.Thedelicateflowerisnaturallyassociatedwithyoungpeople,tobe
specific,theonlychildreninourcurrent
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