考研down網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子系列四級閱讀講義

大學(xué)四級沖刺閱讀講義選詞填選題填空做題基本思路考試是從10:00開始，10:35結(jié)束。閱讀第一部分SectionA是選詞填空；第二部分是仔細(xì)閱讀。選詞填空做題基本思路（一 I) J) K)reexceptionsL) M) N)incrediblyO)Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe47wastefultotearthemalldownand48themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe49carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest50,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand51ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,theoftheNationalTrust.Withsome52,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat53overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunay,therearea54numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from55oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhomeAndefficiencyupgrades(升級cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp56propertyownersfromrisingpower一 N.-tion/-ship/-Adj.-able/-ile/-al/-less/-ive選題填空做題基本思路（二adj.+n.n.+of+n.將來時態(tài)：will，shall I) J) K)reexceptionsL) M) N)incrediblyO)Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe47wastefultotearthemalldownand48themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe49carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest50,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand51ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,theoftheNationalTrust.Withsome52,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat53overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunay,therearea54numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from55oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升級)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.動詞help之后有兩種情況：v+；v+ing快速閱快速閱讀解題思路（一一、基本思（一、全文=大標(biāo)題（二、Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem."Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslipintoadepression,"saidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,I'djustkeepgoing,"detaching(使脫離)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She'snotConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb."There'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverngtheirInternetinvolvement,"saidpsychiatrist(精神科醫(yī)生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment,"hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandnsinceoftimespentonline.ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwideephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."LyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutInabilitytostoptheProblemswithschoolorPhysicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skipmeals,poor alhygiene(衛(wèi)生)andsleepdisturbances.PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscominingofa"gamingaddiction."AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,ysWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentyingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干預(yù)),inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight"There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo.Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."（控制）ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenfirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction.""I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingto plishmywork,totakecareofmyhometogiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押)andfacelosingeverything."Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse.haveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheHerdaughter'srepeatedcomFatigueresultingfromlackofThepoorlymanagedstateofherThehighfinancialcostsaddingWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetPeopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulIt evirtuallyIthasbeensomewhatPeoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsJonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedif.trytoimprovetheInterneteawareofitsseriouscanrealizewhatisimportantincanreachaconsensusonitsAccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessive.itseriouslyaffectedfamilyone toomuchtimewasspentinchatpeoplegotinvolvedinonlineAccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmay.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlineHehadlostalotofHisfamilyhadHehadoffendedhisHiscareerhadbeenAndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddiction improvehisonlinegamingcurbhisdesireforonlineshowhowgoodheisatonlineexchangeonlinegaming快速閱讀解題思路（二ItwasalovelydayattheparkandSlaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtothe―I‘dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthe orfifthchildhe‘dshoved,‖shesays.‖Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,‘No,wedon‘tpush,‖Whathappenednextwasunexpected.―Theboy‘smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,‖Slasays,‖Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?‖Gettingyourownchildrentoyniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople‘schildren eaminefield.nmyhouse,jumonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister‘shouseit‘sencouraged.Forher,it‘saboutkidsbeingkids:‖Ifyoucan‘tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?‖Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt‘sButIfindmyselfsaying―n‖alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That‘sOKbetweensistersbutesdangerousterritorywhenyou‘retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.―Kidsaren‘tallraisedthesame,‖agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.‖Butthereisstillanideathatthey‘rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou‘resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriay,thenthat‘ssomehowacriticismofme.‖Inthosecircumstances,it‘sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.―I‘dgotothechildfirst,‖saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat‘wedon‘tdothathere‘isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae()forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.‖Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhite mendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey‘rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,‖shesays.Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:‖Exinyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:‘Iknowyou‘llthinkI‘msillybutinmyhouseIdon‘twant…‘Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou‘recaringforanotherchild,whiteisThere‘reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.―Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.‖F(xiàn)orAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:‖Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday‘sparentsweregrowingup,‖hesays,―Adultsarescaredofsaying:‘don‘tswear‘,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They‘reworriedthattherewillbeiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.‖Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(禮貌),andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.MeredithFulleragrees:―Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou‘relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.‖―it‘saboutwhatI‘mngandwhatIneed,‖AndrewFullersays.‖thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,―Igotintotrouble‖.Anddadsaid,?youprobablydeservedit‘.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.‖Thisjumtoourchildren‘sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe―walkingoneggss‖feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople‘schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(勸誡)withthechild,you‘regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.it‘sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?―Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,‖Whitesays.―Ithatit‘sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationngtherunningtotheschool–better–educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.‖Whatdid laBianchiexpecttheyoungboy‘smothertodowhenshetalkedtomakeancomeovertodisciplineherowntakeherownboyWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople‘sit‘simportantnottohurttheminanyit‘snousetryingtostoptheirwrongit‘sadvisabletotreatthemasone‘sownit‘spossibleforonetogetintolotsofAccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone‘skidsarecriticized,theirparentswillprobablyfeel Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople‘skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewtalktothemdirectlyinamildcomintotheirparentspolisimplyleavethempunishthemDuetothechild-centricnatureofour parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatpeoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpeoplearereluctanttopointourkids‘wrongmanysarisebetweenparentsandtheirInaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackof it‘seasyforpeople eit‘sdifficulttocreateacodeofit‘simportanttobefriendlytoit‘shardforpeopletoadmireeachHowdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatthey‘dquestionthethey‘dchargeuptothe lthekidstocalmThey‘dputtheblameontheir快速閱讀解題思路（三ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction.""I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingto plishmywork,totakecareofmyhometogiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押)andfacelosingeverything."Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthat ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordto.Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazy Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandicmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents'grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearas16rigastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtobe mendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents. mendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehasto.berecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformanceicmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenicarea.ThisgenerallyincludesanyCreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforicmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(選輯)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesaCollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceor ofthemAnnualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipients.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneeda mendationfromacoachorarefereewho theirexceptionalathleticperformance.Applicantsfor icmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir aparticular icfield.精細(xì)閱讀解題思年的考題50%的答案都是首末句。Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywherea haslivedusingastrand(縷)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowup―ou‘rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat‘srecordedinyouhair,‖saidThureCerling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes同位素Theheaviestraidfallsfirst.AsaresultstormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling‘steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuraycethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.―It‘snotgoodforpinpointing(精確定位),‖Cerlingsaid.―It‘sgoodforeliminatingmanyToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.Whatisthescientists‘newOne‘shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheyA‘shairmayrevealwheretheyhaveHairysisaccurayidentifiescriminalThechemicalcompositionofhairvaries toWhatdoestheauthormeanby―ou‘rewhatyoueatanddrink‖(Line1,Foodanddrinkaffectone‘salityFoodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithFoodanddrinkleavetracesinone‘sbodyFoodanddrinkareindispensabletoone‘sWhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica‘sThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninThewaterit eslighterwhenitmovesItschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherItgathersmorelightisotopesasitmovesWhatdidCerling‘steamproduceintheirAmapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapAcollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarberAmethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanAchartillustratingthemovementoftherainWhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling‘sIthelpsyzethequalityofwaterindifferentIthelpsthedeterminewhereacrimeisIthelpsthenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectiveIthelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsof under轉(zhuǎn)折句講解Theconceptof―environment‖iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstood;butwehavenohandysubstitute.Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparatesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanyways,becausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinctingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa(反之亦然).Inthecaseofman,thedifficultieswiththeenvironmentalconceptareevenmorecomplicatedbecausewehavetodealwithmanasananimalandwithmanasabearer(持有者)ofculture.Ifwelookatmanasananimalandtryto yzetheenvironmental sthatareactingontheorganism,wefindthatwehavetodealwiththingslikeclimate,soil,nts,andsuch-likefactorscommontoallbiologicalsituations;butwealsofind,always,veryimportantenvironmentalinfluencesthatwecanonlyclassas―cultural‖,whichmodifythephysicalandbiologicalfactors.Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography.Wethuseasilygetintogreatdifficultiesfromthenecessityofviewingculture,atonemoment,asapartofthemanand,atanothermoment,asapartoftheenvironment.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethepopularunderstanding―environment‖astheauthorseesAccordingtotheauthortheconceptof―environment‖isdifficulttoexin itdoesn'tdistinguishbetweentheorganismandtheitinvolvesbothinternaland theorganismandtheenvironmentinfluenceeachtherelationshipbetweentheorganismandtheenvironmentisInyzingtheenvironmentalsactingonmantheauthorsuggests biologicalfactorsarelessimportanttotheorganismthanculturalfactorstomanandotheranimalsaremodifiedequallybytheenvironmentalmanismodifiedbytheculturalenvironmentaswellasbythenaturalphysicalandbiologicalfactorsexertmoreinfluenceonotherorganismsthanonAsforculture,theauthorpointsout itdevelopssidebysidewithenvironmentalitisalsoaffectedbyenvironmentalitisgenerallyacceptedtobepartoftheitisaproductofman'sbiologicalInthispassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedtheinterpretationofthetermthediscussiononorganismsandbiologicalthecomparisonbetweeninternalandexternalfactorsinfluencingtheevaluationofman'sinfluenceon首末句講解Whennextyear'scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they'llbejoinedbyanewfaceAndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost教務(wù)長ofYaleeOxford'svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversityinHamiltonisn'ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc.havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhas eabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it'sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn'tuniversal.High-level neltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon'ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanew,itw,antedaleaderfamiliarwiththestateernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity'sbudget."Wedidn'tdoanyglobalconsiderationsaysPatriciaHayes,theboard'schairTheboardultimay,'pickedBraceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist活動著whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodemuniversitys:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependenton ernmentfunding. ernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumbers.Thedeclineinernmentsupporthasmadefund-raisinganincreasinglynecessaryabilityamongadministrators,andhashiringcommitteeshungryforInthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellortheuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen監(jiān)督)"amajorstrengtheningofYale'sfinancialposition."Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn'ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshonestablishedpractices.WhatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedintheAlotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasUniversitysarepayingmoreattentiontofund-WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-levelTheirpoliticalTheirabilitytoraiseTheirfameinacademicWhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromtheThetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingTheiroperationisunder ernmentTheyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyMostoftheirrevenuescomefromtheCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause.shewasknowntobegoodatraisingshecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithsheknewhowtoattractstudentsInwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversityTheycanenhancetheuniversity'sTheywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalTheywillviewalotofthingsfromanewTheycansetupnewacademic常見Itisprettymuchaone-waystreetWhileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,howevertheattractionsofacademia(學(xué)術(shù)界)outweighanyfinancialconsiderations. ［A］universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercial［B］thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryand［C］fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkina［D］fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrial ［A］keepssomeonefromtaking［B］helpstomovethe［C］attractspeople‘s［D］bringssomeoneafinancialEveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn‘tsmoke.There‘saflipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelyto eillordieinthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse‘sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarr