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PAGE3- 外研版八年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)短語知識(shí)點(diǎn)集MODULE1五種簡單句歌決英語簡單句,五種結(jié)構(gòu)型,縮簡句子后,結(jié)構(gòu)自分明,表主語狀態(tài),即為主系表,主謂關(guān)與主謂賓,二者需分清,動(dòng)作對(duì)象人和物,則是間賓加直賓,二賓位置可互換,介詞to,for記心間,句子已有主謂賓,賓語再補(bǔ)方完整,賓語加上補(bǔ)足語,二者構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓。主語+不及物動(dòng)詞(SV)不及物動(dòng)詞,不能帶賓語,但有些要接狀語意義才完整。2、主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語(SVP)系動(dòng)詞:be,look,seem,become,feel,get,turn,grow,smell,taste,keep,sound3、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(SVO)4、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語(SVOO)直接賓語在前,加for或to連接間接賓語。give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,leave,hand,feel,return,promise,refuse,throw用to.make,buy,do,get,play,order,sing,pay用for.5、主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(SVOC)6、therebe句型。tidyup收拾,fan扇,fanoneself,給某人自己扇風(fēng),fantheflame煽動(dòng)情緒,amoviefan,影迷,un反義前綴,tidy-untidy,happy-unhappy,comfortable-uncomfortableatleast至少,祈使句,肯定以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,反問用willyou?/won’tyou?,否定用Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形,反問用willyou?,Let’s…用shallwe?takeup占據(jù),代詞放中間takeaway拿走,takesth.back,收回某物take….to…把…帶到….takeoff脫下,起飛takeplace發(fā)生,takearest休息一下,abit,alittle,作狀語形/副時(shí)可互換abitof=alittle,有點(diǎn)兒,修飾不可數(shù)名詞ontime按時(shí),intime及時(shí),fromtimetotime有時(shí),alongtime很長時(shí)間,forthefirsttime首次,haveagoodtime,玩得高興be/get/becomeinterestedin主語是人,某人對(duì)某事產(chǎn)生興趣指人的不定代詞:somebody/someone,everybody/everyone,anybody/anyone,nobody/noone指物的不定代詞,anything,something,everything,nothingplaytheviolin;,play+the+樂器,play+球,世上獨(dú)一無二的加the前面出現(xiàn)過詞的再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)用themake+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(使..處于某種狀態(tài),地位)makesb.dosth.使某人做某事,makesb/sth+形使某人/某物…后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,不要to的有,一感feel,二聽hear,listento,三讓have,let,make,四看see,lookat,watch,notice,半幫助help,makesb.sth=makesthforsb.為某人做某事,makemoney賺錢,makealiving謀生,maketrouble引起麻煩,makefriendswithsb.與某人交朋友,makewar開戰(zhàn),makeafire生火,makeaface做鬼臉,make..from用..制成(用被動(dòng))bemadeof用..制成(用被動(dòng))makefunof取笑,與…開玩笑,makeroomfor為…讓地方,makeup編造,makeupone’smind決心,拿定主意,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí):表過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果,或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。常用詞語already,yet,ever,never,just,before,for+sometime,since,attheendof在…盡頭,在…末尾,(時(shí)間,位置)bytheendof=notlaterthanbytheendof到…末為止,+過去時(shí)間,用于過去完成時(shí)bytheendof+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),intheend=atlast=finally,最后end(動(dòng)詞)upwith以…結(jié)束,cometoanend告終,結(jié)束,beginwith以…開頭,sthhappentosb某事發(fā)生在某人身上happentodosth.碰巧發(fā)生某事takeplace發(fā)生,預(yù)料中發(fā)生的事,happen是偶然發(fā)生的,befamousfor因..而出名,(外界客觀)befamousas作為….而出名,(本身身份)begoodfor對(duì)…有益begoodat擅長,acollectionof….的收藏,have/takeaninterestin對(duì)某事感興趣,giveaninterview,會(huì)面,做訪談asaresult結(jié)果,asaresultof由于,因?yàn)?also也,肯定句中,too也,肯定/疑問句,句末,(逗號(hào)),either也,否定,句末,逗號(hào),aswell也,肯定,句末,besure確信,相信,inlife一生中,allone’slife一生,終身buysb.sth=buysthforsbthinkabout考慮,思考,想起,thinkof想起thinkover思考lookafter=takecareof=carefor,照顧lookover,檢查,查看,lookfor尋找,lookup查找/向上看,bepopularwith,受…的歡迎when,while,as的用法:when可引用可延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性,主從句的動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性,只用whenwhile引用可延續(xù)性,主從句的動(dòng)詞是可延續(xù)性,只用whileas常用于同時(shí)發(fā)生的beusefulto/for對(duì)….有用,beusefulin(for)doingsth,有助于useful反義詞useless,比較級(jí)前加more,最高級(jí)前加most,develop,名詞development,developing發(fā)展中.developed發(fā)達(dá)的,success名詞,succeed動(dòng)詞,successful形容詞,successfully副詞,failure失敗some…others沒有范圍的“一些…另一些”,但不是全體,some…theothers某一范圍的“一些….其他”的,表全體,one….another不定數(shù)目中的“一個(gè)…另一個(gè)”one….theother兩者中的“一個(gè)…另一個(gè)”spend:sb.spend(s)somemoneyonsth.sb.spend(s)sometimeonsth.sb.spend(s)somemoney(in)buyingsth.sb.spend(s)sometime(in)doingsth.pay:sb.pay(s)somemoneyforsth.cost:sthcostsb.somemoneytake:Ittakessb.sometimetodosthIttakessb.somemoneytobuysth.It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.外界原因,It’s+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.人的品質(zhì),remember/forgettodosth.想起/忘記要做某事,remember/forgetdoingsth.想起/忘記做過某事。intheway以這種方式,longago很久以前,start,begin當(dāng)用于進(jìn)行時(shí),后用to+V原,主語是物時(shí),后用+toV原,suchas像…,例如,forexample句首,句中,用逗號(hào)隔開,縮寫e.g,aswellas連接兩相同的內(nèi)容,comeout出版,開放,出現(xiàn),probably句中,不用于句未,不用于句首,maybe可能性很小,口語,句首perhaps或許句首,句中whatdoyouthinkof=howdoyoulikeshowsb.sth=showsthtosb.trytodosth努力做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做某事try/doone’sbest(todosth)盡某人的最大努力(做某事),tryout試驗(yàn),tryon試穿apieceofmusic一首樂曲,動(dòng)詞后只跟V-ing的有:finish,practice,mind,feellike,miss,keep,pardon,excuse,suggestconsider,giveup,can’thelp,主語是人needtodosth需要做某事,,主語是物needdoing需要被做某事,dresssb給某人穿衣,dressoneself自己穿衣be/getdressedin=dressin+衣服或顏色,findout查明,就近原則:notonly…butalso,不僅.而且either…or..不是…就是,或者..或者neither…nor既不…也不…,therebe動(dòng)詞以最近的主語為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)MODULE2賓語從句是在動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等后的從句。引導(dǎo)詞展示關(guān):1.賓語從句是陳述句時(shí),常用that引導(dǎo),that可以省略;2.特殊疑問句改為賓語從句時(shí),由原來的連接代詞、副詞引導(dǎo);3.一般疑問句改成的,用連詞if或whether引導(dǎo),兩者都有是否的意思,通常可以替換。不能省略。語序應(yīng)用陳述語序:主語在前,謂語動(dòng)詞在后,(帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),取決于主句的句式,與從句無關(guān)。主是陳述句,用句號(hào),主是疑問句,用問號(hào))時(shí)態(tài)照應(yīng):1.主句是祈使句或主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句不受影響,根據(jù)從句自身的情況選用時(shí)態(tài)。2.主句是過去時(shí),從句也一定用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)等)3.從句是客觀真理、客觀自然現(xiàn)象等,任何時(shí)候都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(以Couldyoutellme?/wouldyoutellme...?開頭的不能用過去時(shí)態(tài)。)否定轉(zhuǎn)移:當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,guess,suppose等時(shí),主句的主語是又是第一人稱,人句表示的否定意義轉(zhuǎn)移到主句,(反問句遵循主是我人用他,主是他就用他。)轉(zhuǎn)換“變臉”關(guān):一些動(dòng)詞:tell,know,ask,show,teach,find(out),forget都可接連接(副)詞+不定式(連接副詞why除外)也就是疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式(to)舉行會(huì)議holdameeting;(不掛斷)等一下holdtheline,holdon,if當(dāng)“是否”講時(shí)引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句,該用將來時(shí)就用將來時(shí)。E.gIdon’tcareifitwillrain.if當(dāng)“如果”講時(shí)引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句。主句是一般將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Iwillhaveapicnicifitdoesn’traintomorrow.接近于closeto,停止,關(guān)閉closedownhearof/about聽說;hearfromsb,收到某人的來信;hear,see,watch,notich,后跟V-原,表示發(fā)生了,后跟V-ing表示正在發(fā)生。In加一段時(shí)間,常用用將來時(shí)will,用howsoon提問。bedifferentfrom與...不同;beexcitedabout對(duì)感到興奮/激動(dòng);為什么不做某事呢,做怎么樣?Whydon'tyoudothat?=whynotdothat?提建議:Let'sdosth!Shallwe/Idosth?What(how)aboutdoingsth?sometime過去或?qū)砟硞€(gè)時(shí)候,用于過去時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí);sometime一段時(shí)間表,sometimes幾次,幾倍,sometimes有時(shí)常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過去時(shí)。alone強(qiáng)調(diào)單獨(dú)的個(gè)體,多作表語。lonely表示感情上的孤獨(dú)。laughatsb.嘲笑某人,laughoneselftodeath笑得要死;worryaboutsb/sth.擔(dān)心某人/某事;beworriedabout=worryabout擔(dān)心的,憂慮的;asusual照常,像平常一樣;thanusual較平常aunusualman一個(gè)不尋常的人,passby過去(人)從旁而過passon(to)繼續(xù)前進(jìn),傳遞;touchsbtotheheart.觸動(dòng)某人的心弦,beintouchwith與...接觸;keepintouchwith與保持聯(lián)系;getin(into)touchwith與取得聯(lián)系;losetouchwith與失去聯(lián)系,touchoff觸發(fā),激起。Itdoesn'tmatter.不要緊;thematter麻煩事;nomatterhow(what,when,where...)不管怎樣(什么,哪里,何時(shí)..)Howmany多少,用于可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量提問,后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù);howmuch多少,用于不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量或價(jià)格提問,howold多大,對(duì)年齡進(jìn)行提問;howlong多長,多久,對(duì)一段時(shí)間和物體長度進(jìn)行提問,howtall多高,對(duì)有生命事物高度提問,多指人和樹;howoften多久,對(duì)事物的頻率進(jìn)行提問,如對(duì)這些提問often,usually,sometimes,never,always,threetimesaday,twiceaweek,onceamonth等howsoon多快,對(duì)將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語in+一段時(shí)間提問howfar多遠(yuǎn),對(duì)距離進(jìn)行提問。howhigh多高,對(duì)無生命事物高度提問,多用于山、建筑物等;beafraidofdoingsth.擔(dān)心,害怕發(fā)生某種后果;beafraidtodosthbeafraidthat從句makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友,apieceofadvice一條建議apieceofinformation一條信息;apieceofnews一條新聞wanttodosth=wouldliketodosth=feellikedoingsth.想要做某事。not...anymore=nomore不再,表示次數(shù)上或程度上不再,not...anylonger=nolonger不再,表示時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)。電話常語:Isthatsb.(speaking)?Thisissb(speaking)Sbspeaking/Speaking.MayIspeaktosb?Holdon,please.CanItakeameesage,please?Whoisthat?/Whoiscalling?expecttodosth,預(yù)計(jì)做某事somuch如此多,onone'swayto在某人去...的路上bytheway順便說一下,inone'sway阻擋,ina(one)way某種程度上,在某點(diǎn)上one'sown某人自己的,onone’sown某人自己/獨(dú)自=byoneself=alonenoone一般不與of連用,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),指人,但不具體指,常用來回答who/anyone/anybody引導(dǎo)的疑問句。none與of連用,動(dòng)詞可用單/復(fù)數(shù),具體指什么人或物,用來回答howmany+n./howmuch+n./any+n.引導(dǎo)的疑問句。nothing指物,不用于人,動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),用來回答anything,what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。talkto/withsb.與某人交談,talkaboutsth.withsb.與某人談?wù)撃呈耡tthemoment;此時(shí)此刻makesbdosth.使某人做某事give/take/follow/askforapieceofadvice.Wouldyoulikesth?Yes,please/No,thanks.Wouldyouliketodosth.?Yes,I'dlike/loveto.havefun(doingsth)做某事很愉快callback回電話;callsb.back給某人回電話,holdtheline請(qǐng)稍等,立刻rightnow,atonce,rightaway,剛才justnow.takeamessageforsb,為某人捎信,leaveamessageforsb.為某人留口信。whetherornot是否welcometo歡迎來infact事實(shí)上,acoupleof幾個(gè),兩個(gè)。bedifferentfrom與...不同,bethesameas.與...一樣apairof一雙,一對(duì),是不能分開的,缺一不可,acoupleof,是同一類事物中相關(guān)的兩個(gè)。Goodluckwith祝順利。Goodlucktosb.表示祝某人幸運(yùn);earlyautumn初秋,lateautumn晚秋,juniorhighschool初級(jí)中學(xué),faraway遙遠(yuǎn)的,(be)farawayfrom=(be)farfrom離遠(yuǎn)sofar到現(xiàn)在為止,與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用;turnback折回,往回走;withoutaword沒有說話;getintouchwith和...取得聯(lián)系;keepintouchwith和保持聯(lián)系changeone’slife改變某人的生活what’sthematterwithyou?=what’swrongwithyou?=what’sthetroublewithyou?=What’stheproblemwithyou?believeinsb.信任某人atfirst起初;敬,仰視,lookafter照顧,lookdownon(upon)看不起,瞧不起,lookforwardtodoingsth盼著做某事,lookthrough,瀏覽sendamessagehome,給家里發(fā)信息sendsbsth=sendsthtosb.,playback回放,turnon開,turnoff關(guān),turndown關(guān)小,turnup開大,comeon趕快,comefrom,來自comeback回來,comealong,跟著來comeover,順便來訪comedown落下,降落hurtoneself傷害某人自己saveone’slife挽救某人的生命bitesb.onthehand咬了某人的手across強(qiáng)調(diào)從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊,且在物體表面上沿著某一條線的方向而進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。through表示從某一范圍的一端到另一端,但它表示的動(dòng)作是在內(nèi)部空間進(jìn)行的,往往摜穿過沙漠、森林、窗戶等。over用作“穿過,通過”時(shí),表示到達(dá)高的障礙物的另一側(cè).pickup,撿起afew一些,幾個(gè),用于名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式肯定,few很少,幾乎沒有,用于名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式否定alittle有一點(diǎn),用于不可數(shù)名詞表肯定,little很少,幾乎沒有表否定onbusiness,出差借入borrow,借出lend,借一段時(shí)間keepwith和…一起,具有帶有;攜帶;與…同時(shí),隨著;由于,因?yàn)椋槐硎拘袨榉绞?;就…來說,關(guān)于。Whatisthepriceofsth?=Howmuchis/aresth.某物多少錢?besurprisedtodosth做某事而感到驚奇,afewdaysearlier幾天前,show….to…..把…給…看,suggesttosb向某人提建議,Irish愛爾蘭的,Ireland愛爾蘭,Irishman愛爾蘭男人,Irishwoman愛爾蘭女人waitforsb./sth等待某人/某物hidesthfromsb把某事瞞著某人.takemedicines服藥,besurprisedatsth.對(duì)…感到驚奇besurprisedthat+從句insurprise驚奇地,toone’ssurprise令某人吃驚的是leaveforsb動(dòng)身去某地leavesp離開某地MODULE5if引出的條件狀語從句的時(shí)態(tài)‘1.主句用一般將來時(shí),條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來;2.當(dāng)主句用祈使句或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3.如果主句中的動(dòng)詞是want,hope等詞,則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句與祈使句的轉(zhuǎn)換主語為you的條件狀語從句可與“祈使句+and/or+一般講來時(shí)簡單句”句式互換。Ifyouworkharder,you’llpasstheexam.Workharder,andyou’llpasstheexam.Ifyoudon’thurryup,you‘llmissthetrain.—Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.beableto能,會(huì),(有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化)alltogether一起,attheendof在…結(jié)束時(shí),takeoff卸掉,拿走;起飛;脫下atleast至少afterall畢竟,helpsb.withsth幫助某人做某事,hurryup趕快,use…for用….來干,beusedtodosth=beusedfor(doing)sth被用來干某事,beusedby被…用,offertodosth提供幫助做某事,begoodat=dowellin擅長,beweakin=dobadlyin在…方面弱。haveachancetodosth=haveachanceofdoingsth.有做某事的機(jī)會(huì)punishsbforsth因…而懲罰某人,oneof+名詞復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?!?,oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞用三單,最….之一花費(fèi)時(shí)間和某人/某物在一起spendsometimewithsb/sth.toomuch太多,后跟不可數(shù)名詞,muchtoo太,非常后跟形容詞或副詞。beproudof=takepridein以….自豪sendsb.away把…送走,把…攆走,把…開除,so是副詞,通常修飾形容詞,副詞,表示“這么多(少)”somany/much/few/little+名詞such是形容詞,常修飾名詞,放在a/an之前,all,no,one,few,several,some,any,many等詞之后,可以修飾各種名詞。such+a/an+adj.+單數(shù)名詞=so+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞suchadj.+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)asktodosth要求做某事,asksbtosth要求某人做某事,askfor請(qǐng)求,askfortrouble自找麻煩besuretodosth一定…,必須….,besureofsth/besurethat意為確信.besureofdoingsth.有把握做某事offertodosth提出做某事,愿意做某事stealsthfromsb.stealsb.sth.gotosleep入睡,睡著,gotobed上床睡覺,gotosleep/fallasleep/gettosleep入睡,睡著,beasleep睡得很熟,befastasleep睡得很熟besleeping正在睡覺。betiredof厭煩….對(duì)…感到厭煩adj./adv.+enoughforsb.+todosth做某事對(duì)某人來說夠….。insteadof代替,而不是inthefrontof在..前面(內(nèi)部)atthebackof.在….后面beangryat/aboutsth.因某事而生氣beangrywith/atsb.和某人生氣beabletodosth能夠,refusetodosth拒絕,wouldratherdosththandosth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事warnsb.todosth.告誡某人做某事writetosb.給某人寫信usesth.todosth.用某物做某事gowrong,出毛病,出錯(cuò)use….for用…..來做onto到….之上,into到….之內(nèi),outof從…出來這些詞語常與動(dòng)態(tài)詞連用makeamistake=makemistakes犯錯(cuò)誤,beangrytodosth.做某事很生氣,beangrywithsb.fordoing因某人做了某事而生氣,first…second首先…其次,感嘆句:感嘆的中心落在形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子上,用how引導(dǎo)感嘆句。即:How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!感嘆的中心落在名詞上,用引導(dǎo)感嘆句。即:what+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!what+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語+謂語!what+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!pocketmoney零用錢,afterall不管怎樣,畢竟hurryup趕快,inahurry匆忙地,hurrytodosth.匆忙去做某事saveup積攢,儲(chǔ)存,onone’swayto在某人去某地的路上,(副詞不用to),bebroken破了,壞了agreewith后面常接表示人或意見(看法)的名詞或代詞作賓語feelsorryfor對(duì)…感到抱歉,對(duì)…感到遺憾find…difficult發(fā)現(xiàn)..困難getintotrouble招惹麻煩,陷入麻煩,thefirst(one)todosth.第一個(gè)做某事的人startwith=beginwith以…作開始warnsb.(not)todosth.警告/提醒某人(不要)做某事warnsb.againststh./doingsth.提醒/警告某人不要做某事warnsb.of/aboutsth.警告某人某事warnsb.that警告某人…..MODULE6直接引語改為間接引語引述別人的話有兩種方式:一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話,這叫做直接引語;一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來,這叫做間接引語一、如何變?nèi)朔Q:下面有一句順口溜“一從主。二從賓,三不動(dòng)”?!耙粡闹鳌笔侵冈谥苯右Z變間接引語時(shí),如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如:Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二從賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí),若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱。或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱,如:HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursisternow?"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“三不動(dòng)新”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如:MrSmithsaid。"Jackisagoodworker。"→MrSmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語,分以下情況:1.直接引語是陳述句時(shí)間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(口語中that可以省略),主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI."-’Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.2.直接引語是疑問句時(shí)間接引語為陳述語序:主句的謂語動(dòng)詞say改為ask,或改為wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。(1)一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?"→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.(2)選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether….or賓語從句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"→HeaskedmewhereIlived.3.直接引語是祈使句時(shí)間接引語為不定式,作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語(don’t變?yōu)閚ot).Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow."→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim,"Don’tleavethedooropen."→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.⑤直接引語如果是以“Let‘s”開頭的祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),通常用“suggest+動(dòng)句詞(或從句)?!比纾篐esaid,"Let’sgotothefilm."→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.[注意](1)有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest,insist等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如:Hesaid,"Let’sgotothetheatre."→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow."Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper."Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.4.直接引語是感嘆句時(shí)間接引語為what或how引導(dǎo),也可以用that引導(dǎo)。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.5.如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí),則間接引語中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語原來時(shí)態(tài)。如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),間接引語中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按下列變化:直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)[注意](1)如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如:Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.(2)如果直接引語中有明確表示過去時(shí)間的狀語,變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),一般過去時(shí)不改為過去完成時(shí)。如:Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.(3)如果直接引語所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和目前同樣生效,變?yōu)殚g接賓語時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如:Hesaid,"I’maboy,notagirl."→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.(4)如果直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作,在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不改為一般過去時(shí)。如:Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.(5)如果直接引語中含有since,when,while引導(dǎo)的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),只改變主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞,從句的一般過去時(shí)則不變。如:Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.(6)如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,need,hadbetter以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去式could,might,should,would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí),這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。例如:Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.項(xiàng)目直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthatthesethose表時(shí)間的詞語nowthentodaythatdaythisweek(month,etc)thatweek(month,etcyesterdaythedaybeforelastweek(month)theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)agothreedays(ayear)beforetomorrowthenext(following)daynextweek(month)thenext(following)week(month)thiseveningthateveningyesterdaymorningthemorningbeforeagobeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbefore地點(diǎn)herethere動(dòng)詞bringtakecomegofallasleep入睡,gotobd上床睡覺反義詞getup,too….to太…而不能…相當(dāng)于so+adj.+that+否定句或者benot+形容詞的反義詞+enoughtodosth.clapandcheer鼓掌歡呼everyone后用in+接集體名名詞everyone后用of+具體名詞或代詞(復(fù)數(shù))berworriedabout=worryabout擔(dān)心fightfor為(事業(yè)、自由、真理)而斗爭fightagainst,為反對(duì)…而斗爭接人、國家名詞時(shí)可fightwith互換這些時(shí)間狀語前不加介詞:today,tomorrow,tonight,nextday/wee

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