初三英語(yǔ)《現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)》課件

初三英語(yǔ)《現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)》課件第一頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。**現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)**

第二頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成其否定句在Have/has后加not.一般疑問(wèn)句把have/has提到主語(yǔ)前.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過(guò)去時(shí)一樣）不規(guī)則變化：第三頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。不規(guī)則變化：am/is-was-beenare-were-beenbegin-began-begunbreak-broke-brokendo-did-donedraw-drew-drawndrink-drank-drunkdrive-drove-driveneat-ate-eatenfall-fell-fallenfly-flew-flownforget-forgot-forgottengive-gave-givengo-went-gonegrow-grew-grownhide-hid-hiddenknow-knew-knownlie-lay-lainride-rode-riddenring-rang-rungshow-showed-shownsee-saw-seensing-sang-sungspeak-spoke-spokentake-took-takencome-came-comerun-ran–runbecome-became-become第四頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。1。表過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,例如Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.我剛洗過(guò)衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）Ihavejusthadmybreakfast.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓)通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞just（剛剛）,already（已經(jīng)）,before,yet（一般疑問(wèn)：已經(jīng)；否定句：還）never,ever等狀語(yǔ)連用①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustfinishedmyhomework.

⑥Hehasnotcomeyet.第五頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。2。表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實(shí)質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常和for（段時(shí)間）,since（點(diǎn)時(shí)間）引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.以及sofar,bynow,thesedays,inthelasttenyears等連用。Ihavebeenhereforjustovertwoyears.Hehasworkedheresince1989.從1989年，Ihaven’tseenher

thesedays.ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years/since3yearsago.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?第六頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。注意點(diǎn)一：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等試比較：Theplanehasarrived.飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）Theplanearrivedaquarterago.飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來(lái)的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過(guò)去）Ihavetaughthereforfifteenyears.我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）Itaughthereforayear.我過(guò)去在這兒教過(guò)一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）第七頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。PutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.A:火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了.B:什么時(shí)候開(kāi)走的?A:半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開(kāi)走的.A:這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)買了兩年了.B:你在哪兒買的?A:在我老家買的.A:你看過(guò)這部電影嗎?B:看過(guò).A:什么時(shí)候看的.B:上周星期天看的.A:Thetrainhasleft.B:Whendiditleave.A:Itlefthalfanhourago.A:haveyouseenthefilm?B:Yes,Ihave.A:Whendidyouseeit?B:IsawitlastSunday.A:I`vehadthebookfortwoyears.B:Wheredidyoubuyit?A:Iboughtitinmyhometown.第八頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。注意點(diǎn)二、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問(wèn)句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become,begin,buy,borrow,arrive,come,die,fall,finish,gettoknow,go,join,leave,marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等來(lái)代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。他入黨五年了。HejoinedthePartyfiveyearsago.——HehasbeeninthePartyforfiveyears.——HehasbeenaPartymemberforfiveyears.——itisfiveyearssincehejoinedtheParty電影開(kāi)始五分鐘了。Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.——Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.——Itisfiveminutessincethefilmbegan第九頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換come/go—be(in)leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy—havedie—bedeadgettoknow—knowbegin—beongoout—beoffgoout—beoffarrive–behere/theremarry/getmarried(to)—bemarried(to)begintowork/study/live–work/study/leavefallasleep/gettosleep—beasleepjointheParty—beintheParty/beamemberof第十頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。√×××√×√√()()()()()()()()Ihaveboughtanewdictionaryforaweek.

Ihavehadanewdictionaryforaweek.我買一本新詞典已有一星期了。Theyhavecomeherefortwodays.Theyhavebeenherefortwodays.他們來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)兩天了。HehasjoinedtheLeaguememberfortwoyears.HehasbeenaLeaguememberfortwoyears.他已入團(tuán)兩年了。Themanhasbeendeadforseveralyears.Themanhasdiedforseveralyears.這個(gè)人已經(jīng)死了幾年了。請(qǐng)判斷第十一頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。1.Ihave

borrowedthebookfor2weeks.()2.Thefilmhas

begun

for5minutes.()ABCABCBkept

Bbeenon3.這輛自行車我買了兩年了。I’ve_____thebike_____twoyears.4.HeleftNanjingtwoyearsago.He____________________Nanjingfortwoyears.5.Themonkeydiedlastmonth.Themonkey_______________foramonth.6.A:Honglong_____you____()B:Twoweeks.A.did,getillB.have,fallenillC.were,illD.have,beenillhadforhasbeenawayfromhasbeendeadD第十二頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。注意點(diǎn)三：havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法1、have(has)beenin表示“在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗來(lái)上海已經(jīng)有三天了。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have(has)beento表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just,ever,never等連用，例如：Ihavejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才去郵局了。MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhoubefore?你以前曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州嗎？Have(has)beento后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過(guò)某地幾次。例如：Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。3、have(has)goneto意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說(shuō)話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，例如：----WhereisTom?----Hehasgonetothebookshop.他到書(shū)店去了。JackJohnsonhasgonetoLondon.杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。第十三頁(yè)，共15頁(yè)。練習(xí)：用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空A:Where__1__LiFei__1__?B:He__2__toHainanIsland.A:Howlong__3__he__3___there?B:He___4__therefo