裕興新概念第一冊(cè)學(xué)習(xí)筆記

/Lesson117Tommy'sbreakfast湯米的早餐NewWordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)dinningroom(hall) 飯廳coin n.硬幣mouth n.嘴swallow v.吞下later adv.后來(lái)toilet n.廁所，盥洗室dinningroom飯廳，餐室（家中的）dinning餐廳，餐廚用品dinningtable餐桌dinningcar餐車coinn.硬幣asilvercoin銀幣tossacoin拋硬幣(打賭正面和反面)eg.Couldyouchangetheone-dollarbillforcoins?我用1美元紙鈔和你換硬幣好嗎？Payapersonbakeinhisowncoin.以其人之道還治其人之身．mouthn.嘴eg.Openyourmouth.張開(kāi)你的嘴．Don’ttalkwithyourmouthfull!嘴里塞滿食物時(shí)不要說(shuō)話!Shutyourmouth!(口語(yǔ))閉嘴Itsoundsfunnyinyourmouth.這種話由你的口中說(shuō)出來(lái),聽(tīng)起來(lái)就很可笑。bywordofmouth口頭上fromhandtomouth勉強(qiáng)糊口frommouthtomouth口口相傳haveabigmouth大嘴巴，嘴不嚴(yán)swallow1)v.吞…,咽…eg.Heswallowed(up)themedicinewithwater.他把藥和水一起吞下1)n.一口（一口的量）takeaswallowofbeer喝一口啤酒atoneswallow一飲而盡★swallowv.吞下①v.吞下，咽下Tommyhadswallowedthecoins.湯米已經(jīng)吞下了那硬幣．②v.抑制，使不流露Itriedhardtoswallowmydoubts.我強(qiáng)忍著不露出懷疑的神色。Sheswallowedasmileandsattherestill.她忍住沒(méi)笑，靜靜地坐在那里。③v.吞并；侵吞O(píng)urcompanywasswallowedupbyanAmericancompanylastyear.我們公司去年被一家美國(guó)公司吞并了。NaziGermanynearlyswallowedupthewholeEuropeinWorldWarII.第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中，納粹德國(guó)幾乎吞并了整個(gè)歐洲。later1)adv.后來(lái)，較遲地，較后地threedayslater三天后eg.Hecamelaterthanusual.他比平常來(lái)得晚。seeyoulater.回頭見(jiàn)soonerorlater早晚，總有一天2）adj.較遲的，較后的，更近的。inone’slaterlife在某人的晚年eg.Let’stakealatertrain.我們搭晚一點(diǎn)的火車吧。toiletn.廁所，盥洗室bathroom/washroom家庭用的restroom/lavatory公用的pulicconveniences委婉用語(yǔ)（英）comfortstation委婉用語(yǔ)（美）watercloset(WC)委婉用語(yǔ)（歐）toiletpaper衛(wèi)生紙toiletroll（整卷的）衛(wèi)生紙toiletsoap香皂toiletwater花露水，化妝水Grammar用法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成肯定式：was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞疑問(wèn)句式：把was/were提前否定句式：在was/were的后面加not二、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法1．表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間通常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或由上下文來(lái)表示。eg.Theywereshavingatseventhismorning.今晨七點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候他們正在刮胡子。ShewastelephoningafriendwhenIcamein.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，她在給一個(gè)朋友打電話。2.表示過(guò)去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。eg.Theywerewaitingforyouyesterday.他們昨天在等你。Shewaswritingastorylastyear.她去年在寫(xiě)一部小說(shuō)。3．表示從過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)間的角度看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用于某些瞬間動(dòng)作；go,come,leave,stay,fly等。eg.Theywereleavingafewdayslater.幾天后他們要離開(kāi)。(從過(guò)去看)Theyareleavinginafewdays.幾天后他們要離開(kāi)。(從現(xiàn)在看)HetoldmethathisbrotherwasgoingtoSuzhou.他告訴我他的哥哥要到蘇州去。4）與always等副詞連用，表示感情色彩。eg.Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskeys.我的哥哥總是把他的鑰匙弄丟。Asaboy,Johnwasalwaysmakingthings.還是孩子的時(shí)候，約翰總是整理東西。三．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)用法的比較1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)通常有示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開(kāi)的情景；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則只表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生某一件事。eg.Hedrewapictureyesterdayafternoon.(過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情，昨天下午畫(huà)了一副畫(huà))Hewasdrawingapictureyesterdayafternoon.(昨天下午這一段時(shí)間所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是畫(huà)畫(huà)，強(qiáng)調(diào)這一過(guò)程中所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)2）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去反復(fù)做的動(dòng)作，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示具體的某一次行為動(dòng)作。eg.Thefrogwasjumpingupanddown.這青蛙在不停地跳著．Thefrogjumpedupanddown.這青蛙跳了一下．Hewasnodding.他不停地點(diǎn)頭。Henodded.他點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。3.leave,arrive,start,die等用在過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“快要完成，即將…”。而用在一般過(guò)去時(shí)當(dāng)中則表示“己經(jīng)完成”。eg.Thetrainwasstopping.火車快要停了。Thetrainstopped.火車停了。Text:課文Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Therewerecoinseverywhere.Welookedforthem,butwecouldnotfindthemall.Whilewewerehavingbreakfast,ourlittleboy,Tommy,foundtwosmallcoinsonthefloor.Heputthembothintohismouth.Webothtriedtogetthecoins,butitwastoolate.Tommyhadalreadyswallowedthem!Latethatmorning,whenIwasdoingthehousework,Myhusbandphonedmefromtheoffice.'How'sTommy?'heasked.'Idon'tknow,'Ianswered,'Tommy'sbeentothetoiletthreetimesthismorning,butIhaven'thadanychangeyet!'課文講解：Whenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.今天早晨我丈夫走進(jìn)飯廳時(shí)，把一些硬幣掉在地上了．1．此句是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是was/were+doing表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2.gointo走進(jìn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“進(jìn)入”的動(dòng)作，反義詞gooutof走出…3.drop掉下eg.Becareful!Don’tdropthevase.小心，別把花瓶摔了。drop還可以表示丟失，丟掉eg.Idroppedmypenonthewayhome.回家的路上，我把等弄丟了。Therewerecoinseverywhere.Welookedforthem,butwecouldnotfindthemall.到處都是硬幣，我們雖然找了，但沒(méi)能把它們?nèi)空业剑?）everywhere到處eg.Ilookedformypeneverywhere,butIcouldn’tfindit.我找遍了任何地方都找不到我的鋼筆。2.lookfor尋找（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作和過(guò)程）find找到（強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的結(jié)果）eg.Shewaslookingforherpassportyesterday.Didshefindit?Yes,Shefounditunderthechair.3.butwecouldnotfindthemall.find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果。all是them的同位語(yǔ)。4.could是can的過(guò)去式。Whilewewerehavingbreakfast,ourlittleboy,Tommy,foundtwosmallcoinsonthefloor.正當(dāng)我們吃早飯時(shí)，我們的小孩湯米在地上找到了兩枚小硬幣．1.while“當(dāng)…時(shí)”，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句一般由when,while及as等引導(dǎo)，說(shuō)明主句中動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情景。while或atthesametime強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩種或幾種動(dòng)作。eg.WhenIwasdoingmyhomework,myfathercamehomefromwork.Whileshewascleaningtheroom,herhusbandtelephonedher.Asthechildrenwereplayinginthegarden,itbegantorain.2.Tommy是boy的同位語(yǔ)。Heputthembothintohismouth.Webothtriedtogetthecoins.Butitwastoolate.Tommyhadalreadyswallowedthem!他把這兩枚硬幣全部放進(jìn)了嘴里，我們倆都試圖把這兩枚硬幣拿出來(lái)，但太遲了，湯米已經(jīng)把硬幣咽了下去！1)putsth+介詞短語(yǔ)把…東西放在…putthembothintohismouth把兩枚硬幣都放進(jìn)了他的嘴里2.both表示“兩個(gè)都…”eg.TheybothwanttogotoFrance.他們倆都想去法國(guó)。(三者或三者以上用all)3.putthembothintohismouthboth是them的同位語(yǔ)4）webothtriedtogetthecoinsboth是we的同位語(yǔ)triedtodo是指盡力做某事getthecoin=getthecoinoutofhismouth5.Tommyhadalreadyswallowedthem!句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前面的那個(gè)動(dòng)作。顯然，句中“咽下硬幣“的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在夫婦倆能夠把硬幣從湯米的嘴取出來(lái)之前。Laterthatmorning,WhenIwasdoingthehousework,myhusbandphonedmefromthecoffee.那天上午的晚些時(shí)候，當(dāng)我正做家務(wù)時(shí)，我丈夫從辦公室給我打電話．1.laterthatmorning那天上午晚些時(shí)候2.whenIwasdoingthehousework…--是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示過(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。3.myhusbandphonedmefromtheoffice--是一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示比較短暫的動(dòng)作或事情。‘How’sTommy?’heasked.‘Idon’tknow,’Ianswered,‘Tommy’sbeentothetoiletthreetimesthismorning,butIhaven’thadanychangeyet!’“湯米怎么樣？＂他問(wèn)，＂我不知道＂我回答說(shuō)，＂今天上午湯米去了三次廁所了，但我還沒(méi)看到硬幣?。?)‘How’sTommy?’Heasked.(直接引語(yǔ))HeaskedhowTommywas.(間接引語(yǔ))2)“Idon’tknow,”Ianswered.(直接引語(yǔ))IsaidthatIdidn’tknow.(間接引語(yǔ))has/havebeento去過(guò)….(現(xiàn)在不在那了)threetimes三次基數(shù)詞（3或3以上）+times表示次數(shù)once一次twice兩次--haven’thadanychangeyet.還沒(méi)有看到硬幣--change在此處指硬幣--yet用在否定句中表示“還“小結(jié)：一、語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing概念:1、在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定的時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2、當(dāng)過(guò)去的一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was（were）+doingS+wasnt（weren’t)+VingWas（Were）+S+Ving?Iwasreadingabookat7o’clockyesterday.Iwasn’treadingabookat7o’clockyesterday.Wereyoureadingabookat7o’clockyesterday?Whatwereyoudoingat7o’clockyesterday?連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的詞：when當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；while當(dāng)……的時(shí)候（強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行）when和while大多數(shù)情況下可互換，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行和發(fā)生，只能用while。justas正當(dāng)……時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主句放后面時(shí)用連接詞連接，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句放前面時(shí)，要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。Iwasreadingabookwhilemywifewasworkinginthegardenattwoo’clockyesterdayafternoon.Whilemywifewasworkinginthegardenattwoo’clockyesterdayafternoon,Iwasreadingabook.二、短語(yǔ)：gointo走進(jìn)dropsomecoinsonthefloor把一些硬幣掉在地板上了findsomecoinsonthefloor在地板上找到一些硬幣putsth+介詞短語(yǔ)把….東西放在…trytodo盡力做swallowsth吞….laterthatmorning那個(gè)早晨晚些時(shí)候dothehousework做家務(wù)have/hasbeento去過(guò)…地方when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是，當(dāng)….我正在做…WhenhearrivedIwashavingabath.他到達(dá)時(shí)我正在洗澡．while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)主從動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewasworkinginthegarden.當(dāng)我正在做飯時(shí)，他正在花園中工作．Lesson118Whatwereyoudoing? 你那時(shí)正在做什么？NewWordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)ring v.響★ringv.打電話；按鈴①v.鳴響；發(fā)出清脆的響聲Yesterdaymorning,myalarmclockdidn’tringat7o’clockasusual.WhenIwasopeningthefromdoor,thetelephonerang.②v.打電話；按鈴Yousaidyouweregoingtoringmelastnight,butyoudidn’t.Somebodyisringingthedoorbell.ExerciseAExemple:Hearrived Ihadabath.HearrivedwhenIhavingabath.1.Heknockedatthedoor. Iansweredthephone.HeknockedatthedoorwhenIwasansweringthephone.2.Hecamedownstairs. Ihadbreakfast.HecamedownstairswhenIwashavigbreakfast.3.Thephonerang. Iwashedthedishes.ThephonerangwhenIwaswashingthedishes.4.Thebossarried.Shetypedaletter.Thebossarriedwhenshewastypingaletter.Thetrainleft.Iboughtthetickets.ThetrainleftwhenIwasbuyingthetickets.Itrainedheavily.IdrovetoLondon.ItrainedheavilywhenIwasdrivingLondon.ExerciseBExemple:Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(haveabath) WhenhearrivedIwashavingabath.1.Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(cookameal) WhenhearrivedIwascookingameal.2.Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(washthedishes) WhenhearrivedIwaswashingthedishes.Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(workinthegarden)WhenhearrivedIwasworkinginthegarden.4.Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(typeletters) WhenhearrivedIwastypingletters.5.Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(shave) WhenhearrivedIwasshaving.6.Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(boilthemilk) WhenhearrivedIwasboilingthemilk.7.Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(phonemysister) WhenhearrivedIwasphoneingmysister.8.Whatwereyoudoingwhenhearrived?(dustthebedroom) WhenhearrivedIwasdustingthebedroom.ExerciseCExemple:Whatwashedoingwhileyouwerecookingthedinner(workinthegarden) WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewasworkinginthegarden.1.Whatwashedoingwhileyouwerecookingthedinner(haveawash) WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewashavingawash.2.Whatwashedoingwhileyouwerecookingthedinner(watchtelevision) WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewaswatchingtelevision.Whatwashedoingwhileyouwerecookingthedinner(cleanhisshoes)WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewascleaninghisshoes.4.Whatwashedoingwhileyouwerecookingthedinner(listentotheradio) WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewaslisteningtotheradio.5.Whatwashedoingwhileyouwerecookingthedinner(sitinthedinningroom)WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewassittinginthediningroom.6.Whatwashedoingwhileyouwerecookingthedinner(readthepaper) WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewasreadingthepaper.7.Whatwashedoingwhileyouwerecookingthedinner?(drivehomefromwork)WhileIwascookingthedinner,hewasdravinghomefromwork.Lesson119Atruestory一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事NewWordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)story n.故事happen v.發(fā)生thief n.賊enter v.進(jìn)入dark adj.黑暗的torch n.手電筒voice n.（說(shuō)話的）聲音parrot n.鸚鵡storyn.1)故事adetectivestory偵探小說(shuō)2）（關(guān)于某事的）陳述，說(shuō)法eg.Herstoryishardtobeliever.她的說(shuō)法很難令人相信It’sanotherstory.那是另一回事。/那是題外話了。thesameoldstory老一套，陳腔濫調(diào)3）（口語(yǔ)）謊話，說(shuō)謊者（主要用于小孩之間）eg.Don’ttellstories.不要撒謊。Oh,youstory!哦，你這說(shuō)謊的家伙．a(chǎn)sthestorygoes據(jù)說(shuō)，據(jù)傳，據(jù)聞，正如故事中所說(shuō)tomakealongstoryshort/tocutalongstoryshort長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō)，簡(jiǎn)言之happenv.1)發(fā)生eg.Howdidithappen?那是怎么發(fā)生的？Whathappenednext?然后怎么了？happentosb某事發(fā)生在某人身上eg.Shehopednothingbadwouldhappentohim.她希望不會(huì)有壞事發(fā)生在他身上。2)碰巧eg.Ihappenedtoseehimonthestreet.我碰巧在街上見(jiàn)到他。Ihappenedtobetherewhenthefirestarted.火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)我碰巧在那兒。It(so)happens+that….碰巧…eg.Itsohappenedthatthefamousactorwasherbrother.那個(gè)有名的演員碰巧是她的哥哥。＝Thefamousactorhappenedtobeherbrother.thiefn.賊eg.Athiefstoleallmymoney.小偷偷走了我的全部錢財(cái)thieves是thief的復(fù)數(shù)形式enterv.1)進(jìn)入eg.Sheenteredtheroomquietly.她悄悄地進(jìn)入屋中。2）加入…，參加eg.Heentereduniversityattheageof21.他21歲上了大學(xué)。attheageof….在….歲的時(shí)候3）把（名字）登記（在…）eg.Ienteredmynamefortheexam.我登記參加了這次考試．dark1)adj.黑暗的adarkstreet黑暗的街道eg.Itwasadarknight.那是個(gè)黑夜。It’stoodarktoread.太暗了，無(wú)法看書(shū)（too…to….太….以至于….）2) 深色的，暗色的(反義詞light)darkblue深藍(lán)色darkgreen深綠色eg.Shehasdarkeyes.她有一雙黑眼睛Hehaddarkhair,anditwasnearlyblack.他有深色的頭發(fā)，顏色接近黑色．3)陰暗的，憂郁的，暗淡的eg.Thefuturelookeddarkinthosedays.那時(shí)覺(jué)得前途暗淡。4）n.黃昏，傍晚，黑夜（通常不加冠詞）beforedark天黑以前afterdark天黑之后atdark天黑時(shí)inthedark在暗處darkhorse黑馬torchn.1)手電筒turnonatorch打開(kāi)手電筒turnoffatorch關(guān)掉手電筒2）火炬kindleatorch燃起火炬voicen.1)聲音inanangryvoice以生氣的聲音inasadvoice以傷心的聲音inacheerfulvoice以快活的聲音loseone’svoice嗓子變啞eg.I’velostmyvoicebecauseofabadcold.我因重感冒，嗓子都啞了。dropone’svoice/lowerone’svoice放低聲音liftupone’svoice大聲叫喊raiseone’svoice提高嗓門2)意見(jiàn)，心聲thevoiceofthecitizen市民的心聲parrotn.鸚鵡repeatlikeaparrot鸚鵡學(xué)舌般地跟著說(shuō)parrotfashion鸚鵡學(xué)舌般地，人云亦云地Grammar過(guò)去完成時(shí)一．過(guò)去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成形式：had+過(guò)去分詞（疑問(wèn)句式是把had提前,否定式在had的后面加not）二．過(guò)去完成時(shí)的基本用法1.表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或動(dòng)作以前己經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。這個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)刻可以用by,before等介詞短語(yǔ)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或者從句來(lái)表示。eg.ThefilmhadalreadybegunwhenIgotthere.我到達(dá)的時(shí)候，電影己經(jīng)放映了。TheyhadleftbeforeIcameback.我回來(lái)之前，他們己經(jīng)離去。2.表示由過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去另一時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。eg.Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在車站等了20分鐘，一輛公共汽車終于來(lái)了。3.當(dāng)一個(gè)由before,after,assoonas等連詞綜引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作先后緊接發(fā)生時(shí),由于這些連詞本身己經(jīng)說(shuō)明兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系，因此，從句和主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，當(dāng)然從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)也是可以的。eg.Helefttheroomafterhehndturnedoffthelight.=Helefttheroomafterheturnedoffthelight.他把燈關(guān)上之后，離開(kāi)了房間。4)過(guò)去完成時(shí)也用于一些固定句型中。hardly…when….“剛…就…”nosooner….than….“剛…就…”eg.Hehadhardlyarrivedwhenitbegantosnow.他剛一到，天就開(kāi)始下雪。We’dhardlyarrivedwhenshestartedcrying.我們剛一到，她就開(kāi)始哭。Hehadnosoonergonetosleepthanthetelephonerangoncemore.他剛一入睡電話又一次響起了。Text[課文]Question:Whocalledouttothethievesinthedark?誰(shuí)在暗處對(duì)竊賊喊了一聲.Doyoulikestories?Iwanttotellyouatruestory.Ithappenedtoafriendofmineayearago.Whilemyfriend,George,wasreadinginbed,twothievesclimbedintohiskitchen.Aftertheyhadenteredthehouse,theywentintothediningroom.Itwasverydark,sotheyturnedonatorch.Suddenly,theyheardavoicebehindthem."What'sup?What'sup?"someonecalled.Thethievesdroppedthetorchandranawayasquicklyastheycould.Georgeheardthenoiseandcamedownstairsquickly.Heturnedonthelight,buthecouldn'tseeanyone.Thethieveshadalreadygone.ButGeorge'sparrot,Henry,wasstillthere."What'sup,George?"thecalled.'Nothing,Henry,'Georgesaidandsmiled.'Gobacktosleep.'[課文注釋]Doyoulikestories?Iwanttotellyouatruestory.Ithappenedtoafriendofmineayearago.你喜歡聽(tīng)故事嗎？我要告訴你一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事．這是一年前發(fā)生在我的一個(gè)朋友身上的故事．1、Ithappenedtoafriendofmineayearago.afriendofmine我的朋友之一（雙重所有格）oneofmyfriends我的一個(gè)朋友2、What'sup?干什么？有什么事？Doyoulikestories?Iwanttotellyouatruestory.like,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，一般疑問(wèn)句用助動(dòng)詞do/does,主語(yǔ)是you,用do引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句。stories是story的復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面沒(méi)有定冠詞the,表示泛指，而不是數(shù)量概念。eg.Shelikescats.(泛指)Welikereadingbooks(泛指)Weshouldeatappleseveryday.(泛指)eg.Ihatethedogs.(特指)tellastory講故事tellsbastory給某人講故事eg.Canyoutellusastory?你能給我們講個(gè)故事嗎？Themotheralwaystellsherchildrenstories.這位母親總是給她的孩子們講故事。（stories,表示泛指）trueadj.真實(shí)的atruestory真實(shí)故事atruelove真愛(ài)truthn.事實(shí),真相eg.Tellmethetruth.告訴我事情的真相。Ithappenedtoafriendofmineayearago.happenv.發(fā)生eg.Whathappened?怎么了？Whendidithappen?它是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的？Sth.happentosb.某事發(fā)生在某人的身上eg.Goodthingsalwayshappentome.總有好事發(fā)生在我的身上。Idon’tbelieverthatithappenedtohim.我不相信這事發(fā)生在他身上。Sb.happentodosth.某人碰巧做某事eg.Iforgottobringmypenwithme.Shehappenedtohaveaspareone我忘記帶著我的鋼筆了，而她碰巧有一支備用的。Ilostmykeytothefrontdooryesterday.Mymotherhappenedtofinditinthegarden.我昨天把前門的鑰匙弄丟了，媽媽碰巧在花園里發(fā)現(xiàn)了它。afriendofmine強(qiáng)調(diào)我朋友中的一個(gè)ofmine做介詞短語(yǔ)修飾afriendmine=myfriendsayearago一年前….ago…以前（用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)）eg.Icouldn’tfindajobinPairsayearago.一年前我在法國(guó)找不到工作。Whilemyfriend,George,wasreadinginbed,twothievesclimbedintohiskitchen.當(dāng)我的朋友喬治在床上看書(shū)時(shí)，兩個(gè)小偷爬進(jìn)了他的廚房．George是myfriend的同位語(yǔ)inbed在床上/臥床readinbed躺在床上看書(shū)stayinbed/remaininbed/lieinbed/beinbed躺在床上climbinto…爬到…里面去while表示“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”，相當(dāng)when,強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，在此處強(qiáng)調(diào)George在看書(shū)的時(shí)候，兩個(gè)小偷爬進(jìn)了他的廚房。eg.Whilemyfatherwascooking,thedoorbellrang.我的爸爸正在做飯的時(shí)候，門鈴響了。WhileIwastypingaletter,myfriendcalled.我正在打信的時(shí)候，我的朋友打電話來(lái)了。Aftertheyhadenteredthehouse,theywentintothedinningroom.Itwasverydark,sotheyturnedonatorch.他們進(jìn)到房屋后，走進(jìn)了飯廳，飯廳里很暗，于是他們打開(kāi)了手電筒．entered是enter的過(guò)去分詞，“進(jìn)入”。hadentered是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示在某個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，在此處是指先進(jìn)入到房子，然后再進(jìn)久到餐廳，因此用hadenteredthehouse.turnon/offatorch打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉手電筒turnon/offtheradio打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉這收音機(jī)turnon/offTV打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉這收音機(jī)turnon/offstereo打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉立體聲turnon/offlight打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉電燈turnon/offtap打開(kāi)/關(guān)閉水龍頭Suddenly,theyheardavoicebehindthem.’What’sup?What’sup?’someonecalled.Thethievesdroppedthetorchandranawayasquicklyastheycould.突然他們聽(tīng)到身后有聲音．＂什么事？什么事？＂有人叫著．小偷扔下了手電筒．飛快地逃走了．suddenly忽然，突然地eg.Isuddenlyrememberedhisname.我突然記起了他的名字。heard是hear的過(guò)去式heardavoicebehindthem他們聽(tīng)到身后的聲音behindthem是介詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)avoice的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，這是一個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)voice是指嗓音，說(shuō)話的聲音，由聲帶振動(dòng)發(fā)出的聲音。noise尤指噪音sound用來(lái)指一切聲響What’sup?干什么？有什么事？eg.John,canyoucomeoverherealittlewhile?John,你可以過(guò)來(lái)一下嗎？What’sup?什么事？called是call的過(guò)去式，此處是指“叫喊”。dropped是drop的過(guò)去式，（注意雙寫(xiě)p加ed）表示“丟掉”“扔掉”。runaway跑開(kāi)了，跑掉了，逃跑eg.Don’trunaway.Ihavesomethingnicetotellyou.別跑！我有好事要告訴你。asquicklyastheycould是狀語(yǔ)，修飾ranway.第一個(gè)“as”是副詞，第二個(gè)”as”是連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。astheycould后面省略了run.“能跑多快就跑多快?！眅g.ItrytobringasmanythingsasIcan.我盡量地多帶東西。Hewrotetheletterasclearlyashecould.他盡量清楚地寫(xiě)這封信。Shedroveasfastasshecould.她盡可能地把車開(kāi)快。Georgeheardthenoiseandcamedownstairsquickly.喬治聽(tīng)到了響聲，迅速地下了樓．heardthenoise聽(tīng)到志響camedownstairs下樓來(lái)quickly是副詞，修飾cameHeturnedonthelight,buthecouldn’tseeanyone.Thethieveshadalreadygone.他開(kāi)了燈，但一個(gè)人也沒(méi)有，小偷已經(jīng)逃走了．turnonthelight開(kāi)燈反義詞turnoffthelight關(guān)燈hecouldn’tseeanyone(someone用在肯定句中，anyone用在否定句中)Thethieveshadalreadygone.此句是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示小偷逃跑地動(dòng)作發(fā)生在George下樓動(dòng)作之前，因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。ButGeorge’sparrot,Henry,wasstillthere.“What’sup,George?”hecalled.‘Nothing,Henry,’Georgesaidandsmiled.’Gobacktosleep.’但是喬治的鸚鵡亨利仍在那里叫：＂什么事，喬治？＂沒(méi)事，亨利．＂喬治笑著說(shuō)＂接著睡覺(jué)吧．＂Henry是George’sparrot的同位語(yǔ)。still仍然hecalled指theparrotcalled動(dòng)物有時(shí)用he或she來(lái)代替，是“擬人“的寫(xiě)法nothing指什么事也沒(méi)有g(shù)obackto…回到（地方，某種狀態(tài)）gobacktosleep繼續(xù)睡覺(jué)吧Question:Whocalledouttothethievesinthedark?Answer:Theparrotdid.小結(jié)：1.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：haddone概念：在過(guò)去某一特定的時(shí)間之前，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束或完成；過(guò)去的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，發(fā)生在之前的那個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。結(jié)構(gòu)：S+had＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞（+bytheendof到……為止）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞：already（已經(jīng)），ever（曾經(jīng)），for+表示時(shí)間段的詞，just（剛剛），never（從未）。Ihadseen50filmsbytheendoflastweek.IboughtanewcarlastyearafterIhadsoldmyoldone.2.單詞★storyn.故事（兩個(gè)清輔音連在一起時(shí)，第二個(gè)音要濁化）story一般性的故事，可以真實(shí)的也可以是虛構(gòu)的，完整的故事makeupastory偏造一個(gè)故事makeup化妝品fable寓言故事legend傳奇故事tale神州故事，童話★happenv.發(fā)生①v.發(fā)生Whathappened?What’shappening?Ithappentosb.發(fā)生在……身上Ithappenedtoafriendofminelastyear.Astrangethinghappenedtoafriendofmineayearago.Howdidtheaccidenthappen?②v.碰巧，恰好（to）人+happentodosth.碰巧Ihappentoknowthatprofessor.Ihappenedtomeetheronmywayhome.★enterv.①v.進(jìn)入；穿入Thebulletenteredhisheart.子彈射入了他的必臟。②v.參加；加入Fourstudentsfromouruniversityenteredthefinalcontest.我們大學(xué)的四名學(xué)生進(jìn)入了競(jìng)賽的決賽。Heenteredpoliticswhenhewas27.他在27歲時(shí)步入了政界?！飀arkadj.黑暗的inthedark黑暗中，秘密的，特別無(wú)助★voicen.（說(shuō)話的）聲音voice嗓音，人發(fā)出的聲音sound聲音thesoundofmusic音樂(lè)之聲noise噪音３.短語(yǔ)tellyouastory給你講一個(gè)故事sthhappentosb某事發(fā)生在某人身上afriendofmine我的一位朋友readinbed躺在床上看書(shū)climbinto…爬進(jìn)…turnonatorch/light打開(kāi)手電筒/電燈What’sup?什么事runaway逃跑，跑掉了comedownstairs下樓來(lái)gobackto…回到（狀態(tài)/地方）Lesson120Ithadalreadyhappened.它已經(jīng)發(fā)生了．NewWordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)exercisebook n.練習(xí)本ExerciseAExample:Shewenthome.Shetypedtheletter.Shewenthomeaftershehadtypetheletter.Shewenthomeaftershetypedtheletter.Hedroppedthevase.Hetookitintothelivingroom.Hedroppedthevaseafterhehadtakenitintothelivingroom.Heboughtanothercar.Hesoldhisoldone.Heboughtanothercarafterhehadsoldhisoldone.Hesweptthefloor.Hedustedeverything.Hesweptthefloorafterhehaddustedeverything.Shedrankthemilk.Sheboiledit.Shedrankthemilkaftershehadboiledit.Heturnedoffthetelevision.Hesawtheprogramme.Heturnedoffthetelevisionafterhehadseentheprogramme.Hewenttobed.Hedidhishomework.Hewenttobedafterhehaddonehishomework.ExerciseBExample:Haveyoumethim?Yes,Ihavejustmethim,Ihadnevermethimbefore.1.Haveyouseenit?Yes,Ihavejustseenit.Ihadneverseenitbefore.2.Haveyoureadit?Yes,Ihavejustreadit.Ihadneverreaditbefore.3.Haveyoutriedit?Yes,Ihavejusttriedit,Ihadnevertrieditbefore.4.Haveyoubeenthere?Yes,Ihavejustbeenthere.Ihadneverbeentherebefore.5.HaveyouwrittenaletterinEnglish?Yes,IhavejustwrittenaletterinEnglish.IhadneverwrittenaletterinEnglishbefore.6.Haveyouwatchedthisprogramme?Yes,Ihavejustwatchedthisprogramme.Ihadneverwatchedthisprogrammebefore.ExerciseCExample:Whydidn’tyousweepthefloor?(She)Itwastoolate.Shehadalreadysweptit.1.Whydidn’tyoupaintthebookcase?(He)Itwastoolate.Hehadalreadypaintedit.2.Whydidn’tyoudustthedressingtable?(She)Itwastoolate.Shehadalreadydustedit.3.Whydidn’tyoushutthedoor?(They)Itwastoolate.Theyhadalreadyshutit.ExerciseDExample:Didyoureadthebook?Yes,butIsawthefilmfirst.IreadthebookafterIhadseenthefilm.1.Didyougotothedoctor?Yes,butImadeanappointmentfirst.Iwenttothedoctoraft