高考英語(yǔ)?？蓟驹~匯講解講義系列十四

2012屆高考常考基本詞匯講解講義系列(十四)重點(diǎn)單詞詳解1.seizevt.抓??；俘獲；奪?。徽碱I(lǐng)；依法沒(méi)收；抓住(時(shí)機(jī)等)；掌握；理解；(常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))(疾病)侵襲；(情緒)支配vi.抓??；奪?。徽加?on/upon);利用；采用(on/upon)seizesbbythearm/collar抓住某人的手臂/衣領(lǐng)beseizedwith/by(后接疾病、情緒等)被……侵襲；受……支配seizeupon/on突然大為關(guān)注；抓住(可利用的東西)seizeholdof抓住；占領(lǐng)1)Ican,tquiteyourmeaning.我不是很理解你的意思。2)Weshouldtheopportunitytoworkhard.我們應(yīng)抓住機(jī)會(huì)努力工作。3)Shemysuggestionandbeganworkimmediately.她采納了我的建議，馬上干了起來(lái)。4)Therebelsthepoliticalpower.叛亂分子已經(jīng)奪取了政權(quán)?！敬鸢浮?)seize2)seize3)seizedon4)haveseized⑴用seize的適當(dāng)形式填空1)thechance,otherwiseyouwillregretit.抓住機(jī)會(huì)，否則你會(huì)后悔的。2)Heaslightattackoffever.他有一點(diǎn)發(fā)燒。3)Therumoursbythelocalpress.當(dāng)?shù)爻霭嫔缙炔患按貙?duì)這些傳聞加以炒作?！敬鸢浮?)Seize2)wasseizedwith3)wereseizedupon/on⑵名校押題20kilosofheroinwerebythepoliceyesterdayattheairport.A.caught B.held C.seized D.got【答案與解析】C題意：昨天20千克的海洛因在機(jī)場(chǎng)被警方扣押。seize“扣押；沒(méi)收”。chargev.收費(fèi)；要價(jià)；控告；指責(zé)；充電n.負(fù)責(zé)；照看；指控；索價(jià)chargesbwith...=accusesbof...指控/控告某人 1)WhenIusedhistelephone,hemenothing.我用了他的電話，他沒(méi)有收費(fèi)。2)Ihavetoomuchforthesevegetables.我買(mǎi)這些蔬菜，可要價(jià)太高了。3)Hewithstealing.他被指控偷竊。4)Thestatementthattheiractionsbroketheagreement.聲明指責(zé)他們的行為違背了協(xié)議。5)Thebatteryneedsto.電池需要充電了。6)Thechildwasmywhenheranaway.他離家出走后，這孩子便由我照顧。7)Theforadmissionis$5.入場(chǎng)費(fèi)五美元。8)Hewasarrestedontherobbery.他因被控犯有搶劫罪而被捕?！敬鸢浮?)charged2)beencharged3)wascharged4)charged5)becharged6)in;charge7)charge8)chargeof⑴完成句子1)晚飯可以免費(fèi)提供到你的房間里。Suppermaybeservedinyourroom.2)你認(rèn)為公園應(yīng)該收門(mén)票費(fèi)嗎？Doyouthinkparksshouldadmission?3)我的老板不在時(shí)讓我負(fù)責(zé)辦公室?guī)滋臁ybossaskedmetotheofficeforafewdayswhileshewasaway.【答案】 1)freeofcharge2)chargefor3)takechargeof⑵名校押題Haveyouheardthatthepopstarwaswithtakingillegaldrugs?A.charged B.covered C.equipped D.Satisfied【答案與解析】 Abechargedwith...“被指控 ”。consultvt.&vi.請(qǐng)教；商量；查閱(詞典、參考書(shū)等)consultaboutsthwithsb同某人商議某事consultfor...給 當(dāng)顧問(wèn)1)Youmusthimbeforeyoudothework.你在做這項(xiàng)工作之前必須同他商量一下。2)AsTomfeltsick,hewenttotowntoadoctor.湯姆因?yàn)楦械讲皇娣?，所以進(jìn)城去看病了。3)Hehisnotebookrepeatedlyduringhisspeech.他演講時(shí)不斷翻看筆記本?！敬鸢浮?1)consultwith2)consult3)consulted⑴完成句子1)我想和你商討這件事情。Iwanttothematterwithyou.2)他是專(zhuān)家，在好幾家大公司當(dāng)顧問(wèn)。Hewasanexpertandseverallargecompanies.【答案】 1)consultabout2)consultedfor⑵名校押題一WhatdoesProfessorWangdo?一Heachemicalworks.A.consultsB.consultsaboutC.consultswithD.consultsfor【答案與解析】Dconsultfor"給……當(dāng)顧問(wèn)”。quarrelvi.爭(zhēng)吵n.爭(zhēng)吵；吵架quarrelwithsbabout/oversth為某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵quarrelwithsth/sb埋怨某事/挑剔某人1)Thisnewlyweddedcouplearealways.這對(duì)新婚夫婦總是吵架。2)Don,twithyourfate.Youshouldtakeitintoyourownhands.不要埋怨命運(yùn)，你應(yīng)該掌握自己的命運(yùn)。3)Ioftenmywifelittlethings.我和妻子經(jīng)常為小事而爭(zhēng)吵。【答案】 1)quarreling2)quarrel3)quarrelwith;about/over(1)用argue,quarrel和discuss的適當(dāng)形式填空1)Iwithhimforalongtime,butherefusedtolistentothereason.2)Thehusbandandwifeaboutmoneylastnight.3)Wearegoingtothequestionatthenextmeeting.【答案】 1)argued2)quarreled3)discuss⑵名校押題Theoldcouplehavebeenmarriedfor50yearsandneveroncewitheachotherintheirdailylife.A.theyhadquarreled B.theyhavequarreledC.havetheyquarreled D.hadtheyquarreled【答案與解析】C考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)?shù)籽?「置于句首時(shí)，句子使用部分倒裝，結(jié)合上句使用的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可知正確答案為C項(xiàng)。overcomevt.&vi.(overcame,overcome)克服(困難)；征服；戰(zhàn)勝；控制(感情)overcomedifficulties/obstacles/problems/resistance克服困難/障礙/難題/阻力SheinjurytowintheOlympicgoldmedal.她克服傷痛，去贏得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌?！敬鸢浮?overcame⑴完成句子Thetwopartiesmanagedtheirdifferencesontheissue.兩個(gè)黨派在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上設(shè)法消除了分歧?！敬鸢浮?toovercome⑵名校押題Itwassohotinthedesertthatsomemembersoftheteamwerebytheheat.A.struggledB.controlled C.knockedD.overcome【答案與解析】D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。題意：沙漠中如此炎熱，以致部分隊(duì)員受不了。struggle“斗爭(zhēng)；拼搏”；control“控制”；knock“敲；擊；敲打”；overcome“克服；戰(zhàn)勝；(用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))受不了“。beovercomewith/by"因……不能自持；受不了”。respondvi.作出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)；(對(duì)某種治療)有良好反應(yīng)responsen.回答；反應(yīng)；響應(yīng)respondto...對(duì)……作出回答；響應(yīng)；反應(yīng)靈敏；作出正確反應(yīng)；有改進(jìn)；有起色；顯出效果respondbydoingsth報(bào)答(指以做某事的方式報(bào)答)respondwithsth“回復(fù)；以……回應(yīng)”，后多接名詞。respondto...withsth/bydoingsth以 對(duì) 作出反應(yīng)；以 響應(yīng)；以 報(bào)答/回報(bào)1)Iinvitedhertodinnerbutshedidnot.我請(qǐng)她吃晚飯，但她不置可否?！癐'mnotsure,"she.“我不肯定，”她答道。3)Whenaskedaboutthecompany,sfuture,thedirectorthatheremained0Ptimistic.問(wèn)到公司的未來(lái)的時(shí)候，經(jīng)理回答說(shuō)他依然樂(lè)觀。4)Hassheyourletter?她有沒(méi)有回過(guò)你的信？5)Hefailedtothemedicine,他服了這藥未見(jiàn)有起色。6)WhenMrGreeninsultedTom,heakick.當(dāng)格林先生侮辱湯姆時(shí)，湯姆踢了他一腳。7)Theymyjokebylaughing.他們對(duì)我的笑話報(bào)以大笑。【答案】1)respond2)responded3)responded4)respondedto5)respondto6)respondedwith7)respondedtoanswer,respond和reply用法辨析answer后可接letter,question,door,bell,telephone等，用作及物動(dòng)詞；respond和reply則不能，需與介詞to連用。AnnaskedmanyquestionsandIdidmybesttoanswerthem.安妮問(wèn)了許多問(wèn)題，我盡可能地回答。Whoansweredthetelephone?誰(shuí)接的電話？Noonehasyetrespondedtotoourcomplaints.還沒(méi)有人對(duì)我們的投訴做出回復(fù)。Ifyouhavetime,youmustreplytomyletter.如果有空，你必須給我回信。⑴完成句子1)Thesoldierseagerlytheorders.命令下達(dá)后，戰(zhàn)士們熱烈響應(yīng)。2)Allthestudentstheteacherbyworkinghard.所有的學(xué)生都以努力學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)回報(bào)老師。3)Atlasttheorphanthesocietywithawarmheart.最后那個(gè)孤兒以一顆溫暖的心來(lái)回報(bào)社會(huì)?！敬鸢浮?1)responded；to2)respondedto3)respondedto⑵名校押題Don,trespondtoanye-mailsorcellphonemessagespersonalinformation,nomatterhowofficialtheylook.A.searchingB.surfingC.requestingD.questioning【答案與解析】C考查動(dòng)詞的辨析。search“搜查”；surf“沖浪；瀏覽”；request“要求；請(qǐng)求”；question“詢(xún)問(wèn)”。題意：不要回復(fù)那些索要私人信息的電子郵件，不論它們看起來(lái)是多么正式。C項(xiàng)符合題意。rewardn.報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞rewardsbwith...用 獎(jiǎng)賞某人rewardsbfor...因?yàn)?而獎(jiǎng)賞某人1)Theythewinnersgiftsoffruitsandflowers.他們獎(jiǎng)給優(yōu)勝者一些水果和鮮花。2)Severaloftheparentsweregivingtheirchildrenrewardsexams.一些家長(zhǎng)會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)孩子通過(guò)了考試。3)Hegavethechildrensomechocolatetobehavingwell.由于孩子們表現(xiàn)好，他給了他們一些巧克力作為獎(jiǎng)賞?！敬鸢浮?1)rewarded；with2)forpassing3)rewardthemforreward,award,medal和prize用法辨析medal獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢华?jiǎng)牌award”獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)金”，是可數(shù)名詞。指一種官方的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)行為，往往鼓勵(lì)在工作中達(dá)到成就或所提出的要求而進(jìn)行一種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。reward多指對(duì)某人的工作或服務(wù)等的報(bào)答，意為“賞金；酬金；報(bào)答”。prize“獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品”，多指在各類(lèi)競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或抽彩中所贏得的獎(jiǎng)。(1)用prize,reward,medal和award填空1)TheAmericanswimmerPhelpsgot8goldinthe2008OlympicGames.2)Anof￡5,000willbegiventothosehurtintheexplosion.3)Wewillofferaoftenthousanddollarsforinformationaboutthecase.4)HehopestogetthefirstintheEnglishcompetition.【答案】 1)medals2)award3)reward4)prize(2)名校押題Itisgenerallyconsideredthatyoungchildrenlearntodosmallthingsbecausecertainactsleadto.A.rewardsB.prizesC.awardsD.results【答案與解析】Areward”報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)賞”；prize指在各種競(jìng)賽中獲勝者所得的“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”；award指由政府或社團(tuán)組織給予的“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)”；result“結(jié)果”。operatevi.H作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；給 做手術(shù)vt.操作operateon/uponsb給某人動(dòng)手術(shù)operateabusiness經(jīng)營(yíng)一家企業(yè)come/gointooperation開(kāi)始工作/運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；生效put/bringintooperation實(shí)施；施行do/perform/carryoutanoperation付出行動(dòng)beinoperation在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中；在行動(dòng)中；在實(shí)施中1)Theliftwasnotproperly.電梯出故障。2)Thedoctorsdecidedtoherimmediately.醫(yī)生決定馬上給她動(dòng)手術(shù)。3)Thedepartmentstoreiswell.那家百貨公司經(jīng)營(yíng)得法。4)Whothatmachine?那臺(tái)機(jī)器由誰(shuí)操作？【答案】 1)operating2)operateon3)operated4)operates⑴用operate及其適當(dāng)形式填空1)Hehadhisnose(佰攵手術(shù)).2)Thenewrules(開(kāi)始生效)fromnextweek.3)Thesystem 已經(jīng)運(yùn)行)forsixmonths.【答案】 1)operatedon2)comeintooperation3)hasbeeninoperation⑵名校押題Beforetheoperation,thedoctorhadtotalktothepatientinordertomoveherfearshemightdieduringtheoperation.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.sothat【答案與解析】B考查名詞性從句。地@｛引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明病人擔(dān)憂的具體想法。重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)詳解turnover把 翻過(guò)來(lái)；移交turnover把……翻過(guò)來(lái)；移交；打翻；翻轉(zhuǎn)；犁翻(土地)1)1myessaytotheprofessor.我把論文交給教授了。2)Hewasdeterminedtomendhiswaysandanewleaf.他決心改過(guò)自新，重新做人。3)Hethebusinesshisdaughter.他把生意交給女兒打理。4)Heallthetablesinanger.他氣得把所有的桌子都掀翻了。5)Thecarandthedriverwasseriouslyinjured.汽車(chē)翻倒了，司機(jī)受了重傷?！敬鸢浮?1)turnedover2)turnedover3)turned；overto4)turnedover5)wasturnedover⑴單項(xiàng)填空Withnoonetoinsuchadangeroussituation,theoldmanfeltveryhelpless.A.turntoB.turnagainstC.turnoffD.turnover【答案與解析】A題意：由于在這樣危險(xiǎn)的情況下沒(méi)有人可以求助，老人感到很無(wú)助。turntosb“求助于某人；向某人求助”，符合題意。(2)名校押題一Fivedollarsapair?Ithinkit,sabittooexpensive.一Ifyoubuyfourpairs,thepriceforeachwilltothreefifty.A.comedownB.takedownC.turnoverD.goover【答案與解析】A題意：“五美元一雙？我覺(jué)得貴了點(diǎn)兒?！薄耙I(mǎi)4雙的話每雙價(jià)格會(huì)降到3.5美元?！眂omedown"（價(jià)格、速度、比率等）下降”；takedown“拿下；寫(xiě)下；拆除”；turnover“翻轉(zhuǎn)；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；移交”；goover”仔細(xì)檢查；反復(fù)研究”。keepupwith跟上；保持keepup堅(jiān)持；保持keepback保留；隱瞞keepfit保持健康keepintouchwith與 保持聯(lián)系keepoff（使）不接近；擋開(kāi)keepondoingsth繼續(xù)/反復(fù)做某事keepone,sbalance保持平衡keepone,smind（on）專(zhuān)心于keepone'sword守信用；履行承諾keep...outof使 不進(jìn)入 1）HewalkedsofastthatIcouldhardlyhim.他走得那么快，我很難跟上他。2）Canyoumyspeed?你能跟上我嗎？3）It'shardtothechangesincomputertechnology.要跟上電腦技術(shù)的發(fā)展不容易。【答案】 1）keepupwith2）keepupwith3）keepupwith⑴單項(xiàng)填空Icanthehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit,snotclean.A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.joinupwithD.holdonto【答案與解析】B題意：房子凌亂我能忍受，但我討厭房子不干凈。keepupwith“跟上；不落后”；putupwith“忍受；容忍”；joinupwith"與聯(lián)合；與匯合”；holdonto“抓??；抓牢；保持”。⑵名校押題Theteacheraskedadifficultquestion,butTedmanagedtotherightanswer.A.putupwithB.keepupwithC.comeupwithD.gothroughwith【答案與解析】C題意：老師問(wèn)了一道很難的題，但特德還是想出了正確的答案。putupwith“忍受；忍耐”；keepupwith“跟上”；comeupwith“提出；想出（計(jì)劃、答復(fù)等）”；gothroughwith"（艱難地）完成；實(shí)行；經(jīng)歷；把……堅(jiān)持到底”。根據(jù)題意選C項(xiàng)。cometrue成為現(xiàn)實(shí)；證實(shí)cometrue是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。comeabout產(chǎn)生comealong一道來(lái)；伴隨；進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展；出現(xiàn)comeout罷工；出現(xiàn)；露面；出版comeoff脫落；成功comedown降落；跌落；流傳comeof出身于；由 引起comethrough（新聞、消息）傳來(lái)；康復(fù)comeacross偶遇；碰到；發(fā)生效果cometo蘇醒；復(fù)原；共計(jì)；達(dá)到comeby獲得；得到comeup升起；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；被提及；被討論comeupwith提出；想出1)Eventually,ourdreamhas.最終我們的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。2)Amessageisjust. 有消息剛傳來(lái)。3)Therainstoppedandthesun.雨停了太陽(yáng)出來(lái)了。4)Herattempttobreaktheworldrecordnearly. 她想要打破世界紀(jì)錄，已接近成功?！敬鸢浮?1)cometrue2)comingthrough3)cameout4)cameoff⑴用come的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空1)Theshockmadeherhesitateformomentbutshequicklyherselfagain.2)Hespokeforalongtimebuthismeaningdidnotreally.3)Howdidyouthescratchonyourcheek?4)Thequestionisboundtoatthemeeting.【答案】 1)cameto2)comeacross3)comeby4)comeup⑵名校押題—Whatdoyouthinkofyournewroommate?—Ican,treallyher.She,salwaysmakingloudnoisesatmidnight.AndwhenIremindher,shealwaysmakesruderemarks.A.putupwithB.catchupwithC.comeupwithD.keepupwith【答案與解析】A考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。putupwith“忍受”；catchupwith“趕上”；comeupwith“提出；想出"；keepupwith“跟上”。由答句“She'salwaysmakingloudnoisesatmidnight”可知，“我是真的受不了她了”。getintouchwith和 取得聯(lián)系getintouchwithsb是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能與一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。stayintouchwith...與 保持聯(lián)系beintouchwith...與 保持聯(lián)系beoutoftouchwith...與 沒(méi)有聯(lián)系losetouchwith...與 失去聯(lián)系1)Ifinallyhimaftergettingseparatedfortenyears.在10年的失散之后我終于與他取得了聯(lián)系。2)WhathappenedtoJones?I'veher.瓊斯怎么了？我與她失去了聯(lián)系。3)Thetelephoneisoutoforder;therefore,wefailtoboss.電話壞了，所以我們沒(méi)法跟老板聯(lián)系?！敬鸢浮?1)gotintouchwith2)losttouchwith3)getintouchwith⑴完成句子1)I himfortenyears.我和他已經(jīng)保持了十年左右的聯(lián)系了。2)Nowthatmymotherhasatelephone,it,smuchasiertoher.既然我媽媽有一部電話了，那和她聯(lián)系起就方便多了。3)Wehavebeen Rogerforyearsnow.我們和Roger已經(jīng)十年左右沒(méi)有聯(lián)系了?！敬鸢浮?1)havebeenintouchwith2)getintouchwith3)outof