(全)高考英語語法真題詳解-名詞性從句

高考英語語法真題詳解-名詞性從句［感悟高考］單句語法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1．Asnaturalarchitects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly thicktheadobe（土坯）wallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.（2015?全國(guó)口，70）.Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.（2016?全國(guó)口，短文改錯(cuò)）.MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatI辰.（2016全國(guó)I,短文改錯(cuò)）4．Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.（2015?全國(guó)口，短文改錯(cuò)）5.ThisishowIneedtoimproveinthe付”「「.（2013全國(guó)大綱，短文改錯(cuò)）答案l.how2.how玲what3.that玲where4.where玲t(yī)hat5.how玲what［考點(diǎn)清單］考點(diǎn)一主語從句規(guī)則?引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞如下：who，that，which，what，when，where，how,whether,why,whoever,whichever,whatever等。ThatyouarecomingtoLondonisthebestnewsIhaveheardthislongtime.長(zhǎng)久以來我聽到的最好的消息就是你要來倫敦。Whatstruckmemostinthemoviewasthefather'sdeeploveforhisson.影片中最打動(dòng)我的是父親對(duì)他兒子深深的愛。規(guī)則?主語從句一般放在句首，但有時(shí)也可用it作形式主語，而將主語從句移到句子的末尾。常見的句型：（1）It+be+形容詞（necessary/likely/important/uncertain等）+that從句。Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.盡管大約兩千名患者已經(jīng)服用了這種藥，但是它會(huì)帶來什么樣的副作用還不清楚。（2）It+be+名詞（短語）（apity/ashame/nowonder/nosurprise等）+that從句。It'snosurprisethatourteamhaswonthegame.我們隊(duì)獲勝一點(diǎn)都不令人吃驚。(3)It+be+過去分詞(said/reported/decided/believed等)+that從句。ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday會(huì)議被推遲到下周一召開已經(jīng)定下來了?？键c(diǎn)二表語從句規(guī)則?表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有：that(不可省略)，whether(不能換成if),what,who,which，how，why，when，where，whoever，wherever，asif/though等。Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.問題是我們是否可以在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)做好準(zhǔn)備。規(guī)則?because引導(dǎo)的表語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)原因，而why引導(dǎo)的表語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。IfI'mabitsleepy，it'sbecauseIwasupallnight.如果我有點(diǎn)困，是因?yàn)橐灰箾]睡。That'swhyIobjecttotheplan.這就是我反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的原因?？键c(diǎn)三賓語從句規(guī)則?引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞：從屬連詞that，whether，if；連接代詞what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；連接副詞when，where，why，how等；從句用陳述語序。WemustfindoutwhenKarliscoming，sowecanbookaroomforhim.我們必須弄清楚卡爾什么時(shí)候來，以便我們可以為他預(yù)訂房間。規(guī)則?形式賓語it：在動(dòng)詞find，feel，consider，make，believe，think等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候則需要用it作形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。ImadeitclearthatIwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan.我很清楚,我已下定決心實(shí)施這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。規(guī)則?有些動(dòng)詞不能直接跟賓語從句，需要借助形式賓語it。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ike，dislike，hate，love，enjoy，appreciate等。HehatesitwhenpeopleplayhisiPhone7.他討厭別人玩他的蘋果7?？键c(diǎn)四同位語從句規(guī)則?同位語從句常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief等詞的后面，對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋、說明。Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasn'tbeensolved.我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做實(shí)驗(yàn)這一問題還沒解決。規(guī)則?同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。ThenewsthatSunYanghadwonthegamespreadoverthewholeschool.孫楊贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校?？键c(diǎn)五whether/if（是否）引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句規(guī)則?whether和if在賓語從句中經(jīng)?？梢曰Q。但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時(shí)一般用whether不用if。規(guī)則?但與or或ornot連用時(shí)只能用whether。Idon'tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.我不知道報(bào)道是否真的。規(guī)則?但從句作介詞賓語時(shí)只能用whether。Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhis川ness.我擔(dān)心他是否能熬過這次疾病的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻。［正誤探究］【誤】Hegotill；this__was__whyhehadeatentoomuch.【正】Hegotill；this__was__becausehehadeatentoomuch.【探究】thiswasbecause...那是因?yàn)椤籺hiswaswhy 那就是 的原因。【誤】Foronething,thatyouarestudyingisbadlyneedednowadaysinourcountry.【正】Foronething,whatyouarestudyingisbadlyneedednowadaysinourcountry.【探究】what在名詞性從句中可作主語、賓語或表語；而that本身沒有意義，不作任何成分,只起連接作用?！菊`】Our__team__won__the__matchpleasedusverymuch.【正】That__our__team__won__the__matchpleasedusverymuch.【探究】that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)雖然只起引導(dǎo)作用，但通常不能省略?！菊`】Ifyoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.【正】Whetheryoucanmakeprogressinyourstudydependsonwhetheryoutryyourbest.【探究】if引導(dǎo)主語從句不能放在句首，這時(shí)要用whether。［易錯(cuò)防范］易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1what與that在名詞性從句中的區(qū)別IwanttotellyouisthedeeploveandrespectIhaveformyparents.誤填That答案What［本題考查主語從句。句意：我想對(duì)你說的是我對(duì)父母親的深深的愛和尊重。句子謂語為is,之前為主語從句，從句中缺少動(dòng)詞tell的直接賓語，指事物，故填what。］(2)Expertsbelieve peoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.(2013?北京，33)誤填what答案that［本題考查賓語從句。句意：專家們相信人們只在必需的時(shí)候購(gòu)物就會(huì)浪費(fèi)更少的食物。動(dòng)詞believe之后為賓語從句，從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少成分，故用that。］【點(diǎn)撥】that在其引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作句子成分；而what在名詞性從句中起雙重作用，既作成分，又能引導(dǎo)句子。故做題的關(guān)鍵在于分析從句中是否缺少成分。即在that/what之間，若從句缺成分就選what,反之that。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2whatever與what；whoever與who的區(qū)別(1)Wepromise attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.(2012?福建，35)誤填who答案whoever［考查賓語從句的連接詞。句意：我們?cè)手Z向任何參加聚會(huì)的人提供一個(gè)和那位電影明星合影的機(jī)會(huì)。參加聚會(huì)的任何人whoever相當(dāng)于anyonewho,whoever引導(dǎo)的從句作promise的賓語，同時(shí)whoever又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。］（2）Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.（2012?遼寧，34）誤填what答案whatever［考查賓語從句。介詞for后面加的是賓語從句，且從句中find缺少賓語，所以用whatever。］【點(diǎn)撥】在名詞性從句中，引導(dǎo)詞whatever，whoever均泛指，分別可轉(zhuǎn)換成anythingthat，anyonewho，并將其代入，這樣解題便輕松多了。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3名詞性從句與其他從句混淆不清We'relivingin peoplecall“InformationAge”，soeverythingispossible.誤填which答案what［句意：我們生活在信息時(shí)代，所以一切皆有可能。介詞in后跟賓語從句。在從句中動(dòng)詞call后缺賓語，故用what。］【點(diǎn)撥】弄清連接代詞與連接副詞的區(qū)別。關(guān)系代詞who，whose，whom，that，which有詞義，在從句中作主語、表語、賓語或定語等。when，where，why，how有詞義，在從句中作狀語。that無詞義，不作成分。if/whether有詞義，在名詞性從句中不作成分。［針對(duì)訓(xùn)練］I.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1．Itisoftenthecase anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.（2016?江蘇,21）.Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.youcandohelps.（2016北京，24）3．Themanagerputforwardasuggestion weshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.（2016?天津,11）.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.（2016?北京，29）.Ashipinharborissafe，butthat'snot shipsarebuiltfor.trulybelieve beautycomesfromwithin.weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.—Iwonder Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears.—Byworkingouteveryday.LiBai，agreatChinesepoet，wasbornisknowntothepublic，butsomewon'tacceptit.Ifyouswiminariverorlake，besuretoinvestigate isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.答案1.that2.Whatever3.that4.that5.what6.that7.How8.how9.Where10.whatH單句改錯(cuò)（每句僅1處錯(cuò)誤）1．Thatcollegestudentsaremainlyconcernedaboutisemploymentandtheirdreamtohavewell-paidjobswheretheycanlivetheirlivestothefullest.2．ThereisnodoubtifEnglishhasbecomeauniversallanguagenowadays.3．Thatyoushouldlearnishowtowritedownthemostimportantwords，notthewholesentence.Rememberthatyouneedinformation，notsentences.4．Ifeelitaterriblethingwhichmymothershouldhavetotoilsoendlessly.5．Thefactiswhathedidn'tnoticethecaruntiltoolate.6．Secondly，watchingTVisagoodwaytokilloursparetime.Finally，wecanpredictthatmayhappeninthefutureandbeprepared.7．Astimewenton，IrealizedwhatridiculousIhadbeenatthattime.8．NowIamwritingtotellyouthatmycityhasdonetoreducetrafficjamsinthelastfewyears.9．Ihadthoughtifperhapsthewomanwouldblametheman.Beyondmyexpectations，thewomanansweredwithasmile.10．Fortunately，Ihadamobilephonewithme，soIcalledthepoliceandtoldthemthathadbeenfound.答案I.That玲What2.if玲t(yī)hat3.That玲What4.which玲t(yī)hat5.what玲t(yī)hat6.that玲what7.what玲how8.that玲somethingthat/allthat/all/what9.if玲t(yī)hat或去掉if10.that玲what田.語篇填空（用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空）Ilikereadingverymuch.Myclassmates'questionis__1__Ibegantolovereading.Actually，Ilovereadingasachild.IgrewupinacollegetownandIspentallmysummervacationsinthisuniversity.WhatImeantwas__2__Iwassurroundedbylibrariesandthepeoplewholovedtoread.__3__Iwenttothelibrarytoreadeverydaywasoneofmyfavoritehobbies.Myloveofreadingwascreditedwiththefact__4__myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.Ilearnedtoentertainmyselfthroughmymindandimagination.It'snotreallysurprising__5__literaturebecamemyvocation.Rece