Architecture-古希臘古羅馬建筑英文版

ABriefintroductionofancientGreek&Roman

ArchitectureAncientGreekArchitecture(BC800-AD300)Specificdimensionalcomposition特定的平面構成Mostofthearchitecturesarerectangular(onascaleof1:1.618or1:2)inshape,essentiallyconsistedofahallsurroundedbycolumns.（平面構成為1:1.618或1:2的矩形，中央是廳堂，大殿，周圍是柱子，可統(tǒng)稱為環(huán)柱式建筑））2.Threefamouskindsofcolumns/orders(柱式）:3.Decorationofdepiment(山花墻裝飾）CorinthianColumn（科林斯式）

IonicColumn（愛奧尼克式）

DoricColumn（陶立克）陶立克柱式形態(tài)簡潔，其柱高是直徑的6倍，雄健威武，向征男性美；愛奧尼柱式纖巧修長，柱高是直徑的8~9倍，柱頭用卷渦裝飾，富有曲線美，象征女性美?？屏炙怪叫螒B(tài)更復雜、更修長，上部是藤蔓似的卷渦，下面是曼妙的花紋，更具女性美。TheDonicstyleissimpleanditrevealsthemales’strength.LincolnMemorialisintheformofaGreekDorictemple.

林肯紀念堂Itisalwaysdecoratedwithspiral（螺旋形的）orvolute（渦形的）ornaments.It’sslimandmuchmorelikeagentleandgracefulyounglady.TempleofAthenaNike

勝利女神神廟Ionic式女神廊柱（Erechtheion伊瑞克提翁神廟）Pediment（山花墻）Greektemplewithapediment(Sicily)Greektemplewithapediment(Sicily)Thepediment（山花墻）isthetriangularplaceundertheroofofaGreektemple.Eachtemplehastwo,oneonthefrontandoneontheback.Atfirstpedimentswereprobablyplain,butsoontheGreeksbegantodecoratepedimentswithstonesculpture.Oneoftheearliestpediments,onthetempleofArtemisontheislandofCorfu,hasascaryMedusaonit.LaterGreeksculptorsputwholescenesonpediments,usuallyoneexcitingpartofawell-knownmyth.TempleofArtemis,Corfu(ca.580BC)TempleofAphaeaatAegina(ShowstheTrojanWar)TheParthenon（帕特農(nóng)神廟）hasthestoryofthebirthofAthenaononeside,andthestoryofAthenaandPoseidonfightingtobethemaingodofAthensontheotherside.TheParthenon（帕特農(nóng)神廟）AncientRomanArchitecture(BC300-AD365)AncientRomanarchitecture

adoptedcertainaspectsofAncientGreekarchitecture,butitdidcreatedlotsofnewarchitecturalstyles.ThefivemainachievementsofAncientRomanarchitecture1.AncientRomanAqueducts(渡槽)2.Pantheon萬神廟3.Publicbaths羅馬公共浴場4.Colosseum圓形大劇場

5.Square

TheRomansconstructedaqueductstobringaconstantflowofwaterfromdistantsourcesintocitiesandtowns,supplyingpublicbaths,toilets,fountainsandprivatehouseholds.Wastewaterwasremovedbythesewagesystemsandreleasedintonearbybodiesofwater,keepingthetownscleanandfreefromnoxiouswaste.Someaqueductsalsoservedwaterformining,processing,manufacturing,andagriculture.2.Pantheon萬神廟Thedome(穹頂)structureprovideduswithlargerspace.TheRomansbasedmuchoftheirarchitectureonthedome,suchasPantheon,whichisthehighestrepresentativeofRomearchitecturaltechnique.Pantheon(萬神殿）Dome3.Publicbaths羅馬公共浴場TheyarerecreationalandsocialcenterforRomancitizens./f/201102/97a578a1-7ac7-4783-94ce-05cfbd0c87fa.shtml4.Colosseum圓形大劇場Itwereusedforgladiatorialcontests,publicdisplays,publicmeetingsandbullfights,thelastofwhichsurvivesinSpain.TheyareamongthemostimpressiveremainsoftheRomanempireatitsheight,andmanyofthemarestillusedforpublicdisplaysandperformances.It’sfamousformagnificentanduniquestyle.5.Square

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