四級(jí)考試三層突破之寫作

第一部分寫作——體裁分.Nowadays,thereexistsapubliccontroversyabouttheissueof引出現(xiàn).Whatamazesusmostis.Itistruethat進(jìn)一步闡述現(xiàn)象.Therearemanyexining這一現(xiàn)象Themainreasonis原因.Whatismore,.Thirdly,①承上啟下,Asaresult,總結(jié)上述觀點(diǎn)Consideringallthese,講述導(dǎo)致結(jié)果及作者態(tài)Foronething,Foranother,原因二.Inconclusion,總結(jié)全文..第一段Recentlytheissue/problem _hasbeeninthelimelight/broughtintofocus/broughttopublicattentiveconcern總述該問題.Itisobviousthat 因一.Additionally, _危害或原因二.Soitishightime 解決該問題的緊迫性.第二段Thefollowingwayscanbeadoptedto解決該問題.Firstofall, ／因素一.Thereasonis Secondly, 辦法／因素二.Thatisto.Thirdly, 辦法②問題的危害或原因（可舉兩點(diǎn)③解決該問題的重要性和緊迫性Infact,morethanthreewayscanbeadopted.第三段Itisundeniablethat解決該問題的意義.Asforme, 我的觀點(diǎn)和建議.Wheneveryoneisfullyawareoftheseverityandtakefeasiblemeasures,Ifirmlybelieve做出展望.④解決辦法／影響因素三（可省略（可省略）②闡明“我的觀點(diǎn)和建議”第一段has eahottopic,andheateddebatesarerightontheirway總述該問題.表現(xiàn)/作用一.Additionally,表現(xiàn)/作用二.Therefore,itisofgreatimportanceforusto解決該問題的重要性.①開門見山，問題及現(xiàn)狀②表現(xiàn)或作用（可舉兩點(diǎn)③解決該問題的重要性和緊迫性第二段However,wehavefiguredoutmanywaysto解決該問題./However,therearemanyfactorsthatFirstofall,解決辦法一./Thefirstrolethatshouldbeblamedis影響因素一.Secondly,解決辦法二./Anotherequallyimportantfactorliesin影響因素二.Lastbutnotleast,解決辦法/影響因素三.AsfarasI’mconcerned,我的觀點(diǎn)和建議.理由一.What’smore,理由二.Ifirmlybelievethat做出展望.④解決辦法／影響因素三（可省略（可省略）①承接上文，闡明“我的觀點(diǎn)和建議”②說明理由（可舉兩點(diǎn)第一段Recently,問題has eamatterofapublicconcern,especiallyforthosewhoareconfrontedwiththisproblem.Ontheonehand, 表現(xiàn)一.Ontheotherhand, 表現(xiàn)二.第二段Therearemanyreasonsaccountingfor該問題.Firstly, 危害／原因一.Secondly, 危害／原因二.Forexample, 舉例說明.Thirdly, 危害／原因三.Inotherwords, 釋.Therefore,howtoisworthpayingattention強(qiáng)調(diào)解決該問題的重要性.第三段However,wehavefiguredoutseveraleffectivemeasuresto/影響因素.Firstly,解決辦法／影響因素一.Secondly,Thirdly,①開門見山，問題及現(xiàn)狀②問題具體表現(xiàn)（可舉兩點(diǎn)④危害／原因三（可省略④解決辦法／影響因素三（可省略It'stimethat強(qiáng)調(diào)其重要性.——相關(guān)話題：學(xué)生/就業(yè)﹑﹑校外住宿﹑大學(xué)生選課以及課外活動(dòng)等part-timejob工作economicburden經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)workingexperiencecompetitionandcooperationtuitioncoursearrangementextracurricularactivities課外活動(dòng)distanceeducation教requiredcourse\compulsorycoursetakeanexamination\sitanexamination參加考試liveoutsidecampus住在校外foodservices飲食applicationformwithdraw\drawcash取錢instructor輔導(dǎo)老師studentunion學(xué)生會(huì)undergraduate本科生postgraduatecredit①Inrecentyears,studyingabroadhas eanewcrazeamongcollegestudents.②Withtheadmissionexpansionofcolleges,alotmoregraduateshavetofacethefiercecompetitioninthejobmarket.隨著大學(xué)的擴(kuò)招，越來越多的畢業(yè)生在就業(yè)市場(chǎng)激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)③Diplomaandsarestillsignificantstandardsbywhichmanyemployersmeasurea’sability.Inordertoincreasethequalificationsforajob,thestudentscompelthemselvestorunfromoneexamtoanother.④Duringtheholidays,agrowingnumberofstudentschoosetobevolunteers,takepart-timejobs,ortakepartinotherpracticalactivitiesalike.在假期，大量的學(xué)生選擇做，做工作或者參加其他類似的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)⑤Somestudentsspendtoomuchtimeintakingpart-timejobssoastoignoretheirstudy.Therefore,wearesupposedtotrytobalancetherelationshipbetweensocialpracticeandstudy.相關(guān)話題：電腦/互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及﹑﹑、通訊設(shè)備的進(jìn)步﹑網(wǎng)絡(luò)教cybercultureonlineloveaffairsnetbar網(wǎng)吧shoponline網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物cyberchat網(wǎng)上聊天virtualnet虛擬網(wǎng)絡(luò)netpartnersurftheInternet網(wǎng)上沖浪netcitizen網(wǎng)民cyberspace網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間cybercollegeconvenientandeffectivee-bankkilltimeinformationsecuritythepopularityofcomputer電腦的普beaddictedto對(duì)……campusnetworkreleaseone’spressuree-mail電子郵箱①Noinventionhasreceivedmorepraiseandabusethanthe②Itiscommonlythoughtthatoursocietyhaddramaticallychangedbymodernscienceandtechnology,andhumanhadmadeextraordinaryprogressinknowledgeandtechnologyovertherecentdecades.③AsaproductofmoderncomputerandtheInternet,onlinegames eextremelypopularamongcollegestudents.作為現(xiàn)代電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的產(chǎn)物，已經(jīng)在大學(xué)生中變得相當(dāng)普及④Butaswesee,somestudentslackingself-disciplinearetoomuchindulgedinthesegamessothattheirhealthandacademicperformancesare但是，正如我們看到的，一些缺乏自律的學(xué)生沉迷于以至于影響了健康和⑤Moresignificantly,itdoesbringcollegestudentsmuchpleasureandreleasetheirpressuregreatly.體育運(yùn)動(dòng)、節(jié)食減肥、吸煙、流行性疾病、心理疾病lungcancersmoking-relateddiseasesloseweight減肥goondie節(jié)食undertheweatherflight-headeddrowsyfluepidemicsrampant猖獗contractinfections得傳染病pickupthehabitphysicalandmentalcondition身體與精神狀態(tài)overweight/fat(肥胖的)mentallyunhealthy精神不健全的begoodfor/dogoodto對(duì)……有益處goodlivinghabitstakeregularexercise進(jìn)行有規(guī)律的運(yùn)動(dòng)unhealthyeatinghabit不健康的飲食習(xí)慣junkfood食品stay/keephealthy/fitbuildupone’sbody/improveone’shealth強(qiáng)身健體①Epidemicsarerampantthroughoutthewholehumanhistory,andtheyhavecausedthemostdevastatingimpactsonus.在整個(gè)人類歷史上肆虐，他們給我們帶來了性的影響②Forexample,theoutbreakofoncekilledlotsofpeopleandbroughtgreateconomiclosstothewholecountry.例如，甲型流感的爆發(fā)奪去了很多人的生命并且給整個(gè)國(guó)家?guī)砹酥卮蠼?jīng)濟(jì)③Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfromdiseaseslinkedtosmoking.依照最近的一項(xiàng)，每年有4，000，000人死于與吸煙有關(guān)的疾病④Childrenareundergoingfastphysicaldevelopment;lackofphysicalexercisemayproducedisastrousinfluenceontheirlaterlife.⑤Infact,wehavetoadmitthefactthatthequalityoflifeisasimportantaslifeitself.事實(shí)上，須承認(rèn)生命的質(zhì)量和生命本身一樣重要于 第一部分寫作——寫作步驟指200912Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingAGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:()系。分析題目Green“綠色”和Campus“校園”是本作文的?？忌鷳?yīng)該考慮綠色()CreatingAGreenWhat’sagreencampusandhowtocreatagreenCreatingAGreenNowadaysthetopicofagreencampushasarousedpublicItisofvitalimportancetotheIthasaprofoundimpactonTheideaof“agreencampus”isbeyondagreengreenenvironmentpreservationandacivilizedatmosphereforstudents’mentalItisimperativeforustotakeeffectivemeasurestocreatagreenThelawandregulationsshouldbeworkedEnhancedtheawarenessofthestudents()前做一個(gè)鋪墊，介紹建立綠色校園受到人們廣泛關(guān)注這一背景信息，即thetopicofagreencampushasarousedpublicattention.常見問題：用詞匱乏。如：“很重要important使用對(duì)策：使用替換詞。如：theindispensablepartfor,hasaprofoundimpacton,significance等。說明原因段對(duì)綠色校園的兩方面含義進(jìn)行論述。另外在展開論證過程中，抽象句子要舉例說明，如：suchasntingmoretreesandflowers,forexample,studentswillbeseverelypunishedincaseofcheatinginexams，這些具體信息tobeginwith,inadditionto;furthermore/notonly…butalso…/what’smore;forexample/forinstance/suchas;inotherwords/inparticular等。①開門見山：首先對(duì)“綠色校園”Theidea“agreencampus”isbeyondagreencampusconstructionreferstogreenenvironmentpreservationandprotectionwhichmakescampusanecologicalandnaturalresort.在這個(gè)過程中考生要注意亮點(diǎn)詞匯以及句型的使③論證：使用inadditionto引出“綠色校園”的第二層含義，即createacivilizedatmosphereforthesakeofstudentsmentalhealth.然后舉例進(jìn)一步解釋此含義。如：Forexample,studentswillbeseverelypunishedincaseofcheatinginexamsandgiarizinginacademicpapers.“綠色校園”To“greencampus”toitsfully,effectivemeasuresshouldbe常見問題：用語(yǔ)過于直白或。如：Wemust…/Weshould…等ItisessentialthatOnlybythecoeffortsofthewholesocietycould“greencampus”worksmoothly.這樣使自己的觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)得既委婉又客觀。CreatingAGreenNowadaysthetopicofagreencampushasbeenwidelydebatedwhichhasarousedpublicattention.Undoubtedly,agreencampus,theindispensablepartforthedevelopmentofcollegestudents,hasaprofoundimpactonbothindividualsandsociety,foritssignificancecannotbedenied.Theideaof“agreencampus”isbeyondagreenenvironment.Tobeginwith,campusconstructionreferstogreenenvironmentpreservationandprotection,suchasntingmoretreesandflowers,whichmakescampusanecologicalandnaturalresort,andadvocatinggreenproducts.Forexample,studentsareencouragedtoavoidusingdisposablesticcontainersincampusdininghallandrecyclewastedbatteriesandotherelectricalproductsproperly.Inadditiontotheenvironmentallyfriendlypractice,weshallmakeeveryefforttoimprovethemoralstandardandethicallevelofuniversitystudentsinordertocreateacivilizedatmosphereforthesakeofstudents’mentalhealth.Forexample,studentswillbeseverelypunishedincaseofcheatinginexamsandgiarizinginacademicpapers.Tobring“greencampus”toitsfully,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.First,basedonitseducationfunction,campusshouldbringthetheoryof“sustainabledevelopment”intoclassrooms,setenvironmentalmanagementrulesandconductenvironmentaleducationactivities.Second,itisessentialthatlawandregulationsbeworkedoutandendbytheernmentandschool.Onlybytheco-effortsofthewholesocietycould“greencampus”worksmoothlyandbringbenefittopeople’swell-()Inthefirstce,Furthermore,OntheonehandForinstanceOntheother等詞可以達(dá)到這種效果；語(yǔ)法上單詞拼寫上是否有誤，如較長(zhǎng)單詞indispensable，environmentallyfriendly，preservation，giarizing等，以及短語(yǔ)hasaprofoundimpacton，disposablesticcontainers，incaseof，bring…toitsfully,bringbenefitto以及最后一段中虛擬語(yǔ)氣、倒裝句使用是否正確。避例如：Onlybytheco effortsofthewholesocietycould“greencampus”worksmoothlyandbringbenefittopeople’swell beings中使用——如“認(rèn)為”可用harbortheideathat,taketheattitudethat,holdtheviewthatitiswidelysharedthat,itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat等；“好的”可用conducive/beneficial/advantageous等。但要注意詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性，即必須還要考慮適合的語(yǔ)境。比如形容眼睛“大很顯然，great,large,huge,vast,titanic,enormous這些“大”都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)模荒苁褂胋ig。tovoicesomedifferentopinionstogive/expresssomedifferentopinions;todouble/triple替代twiceorthreetimes;如beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof替代indicate,suggest,fearitisofgreatimportance/help/use/significanceitisveryimportant/significant/helpful/useful；notunnecessary/notunimportant。have,take等，它的意義廣泛，搭配性強(qiáng)，構(gòu)成詞組后可以替代眾多具體動(dòng)詞，大致表達(dá)意例如：這個(gè)男孩跟他長(zhǎng)得很像Theboyresembleshis分析：這個(gè)句子中，如果考生想不起resemble這個(gè)單詞時(shí)，用takeafter代Theboytakesafterhisfather.其效果及表達(dá)的意義決不亞于第一句。這樣Iexperiencedaterriblehardtime.=Ihadaterriblehardtime.Iwillpresideoverthemeeting.=Iwilltakethemeeting.況下，聯(lián)想可按下列思路進(jìn)行：1聯(lián)想同義詞；2聯(lián)想反義詞。Thedriversteppedonthegasandacceleratedthe分析：accelerate使用頻率不太高，很容易遺忘。而其同義詞quicken；speeduptheprevailingeconomicconditionsinNorthernIreland=thecurrenteconomicconditionsinNorthernIrelandHeisstubborn.=Heisnottame.Sheistalkative.=Sheisneverquiet.Heisadumb.=HeisawhocannotI’veneverseensuchastubborn.=I’veneverseensuchawhoneverlistenstoother’sadvice.四級(jí)作文的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一般側(cè)重于能清楚地表達(dá)意義，段落，層次有系統(tǒng)性，語(yǔ)法正取靈活的思維方法，運(yùn)用有限的詞匯作出美妙的文章。.用like,as,asasif(though)或用其他詞語(yǔ)兩個(gè)不同事物的相似之處。例如Themancantbetrusted.Heisasslipperyasaneel.那個(gè)人不可信賴。他Childhoodislikeaswiftlypassingdream.童年就像一場(chǎng)即逝的夢(mèng)。Theworldisastage.世界是一個(gè)大舞臺(tái)。aseaoftroubles中一種事物，就會(huì)使人聯(lián)想到另一種。比如用theWhiteHouse代替或者總統(tǒng)，用thebottle來代替wine或者alcohol，用thebar來代替thelegalprofession，用crown代替king等。例如：Themotherdidherbesttotakecareofthecradle.Hesucceededtothecrownin1848.1848,例如：：Euthanasia()Ithasbeensaidthateuthanasiaisquietlybeingpracticedinsomeurbanareasof,despitealackoflegalprotectionforthedeathoption.Inmyopinion,itisrighttoexercisemercykilling.,竟。例如：：WaterShortage,acountryblessedwithagreatnumberofrivers,hasabundantwaterresources.However,’smanycitiesaregoingthirsty.Whathascausedtheshortage?心中的疑問：是什么原因?qū)е氯彼?從而激發(fā)讀者的，吸引讀者讀下去，尋找問題③名言、諺語(yǔ)，點(diǎn)Aproverbsays,“Youareonlyyoungonce.”(適用于已記住的名言Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.(言名言，使文章很自然進(jìn)入，同時(shí)也增強(qiáng)了文章的力原則上在 當(dāng)中不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字，可是在考試的時(shí)候可以編造數(shù)字。例如Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.Arecentstatisticsshowsthattensofbillionsofpoundsisspentoncigaretteseveryyearinourcountry.題：Daydreaming“Daydreamingagain,Barb?You’llneveramounttoanythingifyouspendyourtimethatway!Can’tyoufindsomethingusefultodo?”Manyyoungstershaveheardwordslikethosefromtheirparents.Anduntilrecentlythishostileattitudetowardsdaydreaming….(ConcludingParagraph)同開篇一樣重要。結(jié)尾段對(duì)全文要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行結(jié)尾的形式常見的有以下幾種:,：PhysicalInaword,Ibenefitalotfromngphysicalexercise.Iseldomgetsickbutfeelvigorousevenafterawholeday’swork.Ishallkeepupngphysicalexercisesoastolivehappilyandfruitfully.,,：GenerationInordertoreconcilethedifferences,someformsoforganizationshouldbeestablishedt