高中英語語法復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞過去分詞

v1.0可編寫可改正高中英語語法非謂語動(dòng)詞（三）過去分詞非謂語動(dòng)詞（三）——過去分詞（三）過去分詞：1、過去分詞的基本用法：過去分詞只有一種形式，也沒有主動(dòng)語態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的或是已達(dá)成的動(dòng)作。過去分詞在句中也可用作定語、表語、賓語或狀語等成分。過去分詞在句中作某種成分時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般為該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，如：（1）作定語：過去分詞作定語時(shí)，假如這個(gè)分詞是一個(gè)單詞，就位于其修飾的名詞以前，假如是分詞短語，就位于其修飾的名詞以后。被過去分詞所修飾的名詞，就是該分詞的邏輯主語，如：Thestolencarwasfoundbythepolicelastweek.（2）作表語：過去分詞作表語時(shí)，表示其邏輯主語所處的狀態(tài)，其邏輯主語就是句中的主語，如：Theglassisbroken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。注：過去分詞作表語時(shí)，和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)造相像，但二者表達(dá)的意義不一樣，如：Theglasswasbrokenbymylittlebrother.這個(gè)玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語用的過去分詞在很多字典中已列為形容詞，如：crowded,devoted,discouraged,done,dressed,drunk,experienced,frightened,gone,hurt,interested,killed,known,learned,lost,pleased,satisfied,shut,surprised,tired,undressed,worried,astonished,broken,completed,covered等。（3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語就是其邏輯主語，如：WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundthegroundcoveredbyfallenleaves.注：動(dòng)詞have后的復(fù)合賓語中，賓語補(bǔ)足語如為過去分詞，常表示該分詞所表1Thebellv1.0可編寫可改正示的動(dòng)作是由他人來履行的而不是句中主語自己來履行的，如：Ihadmybikerepairedyesterday.昨天我（找他人）把我的自行車給修了。（4）作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，該構(gòu)造的邏輯主語一般都是主句的主語，是過去分詞所表表示義的邏輯賓語。為了使作狀語的過去分詞意義更為明確，常在分詞前加when,if,while,though,as等連詞，如：Seenfromthehill/Whenseenfromthehill,ourtownlooksbeautiful.;Givenmoretime/Ifgivenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.（we是該構(gòu)造的邏輯主語，是give的邏輯賓語。）獨(dú)立主格：上述-ing和過去分詞的用法中，-ing和過去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語，但有時(shí)它們也能有自己的獨(dú)立的主語，這類獨(dú)立的主語，一般為名詞或代詞，位于其前以前，和-ing或過去分詞組成獨(dú)立主格。獨(dú)立主格在句中一般只作狀語用，而-ing和過去分詞作用的形式，則要依據(jù)它們所表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系而定。至于獨(dú)立主格中是使用-ing或是過去分詞，則要依據(jù)它們的主語和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定，如：ringing,weallstoppedtalking.注：Theworkhavingbeenfinished,shesatdowntohavearest.①獨(dú)立構(gòu)造中的being或havingbeen常可省去，如：Themeeting(being)over,alllefttheroom.②作陪伴狀語的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎脀ith短語來取代，如：Shereadtheletter,tearsrollingdownhercheeks./Shereadtheletterwithtearsrollingdownhercheeks.2、-ing形式與過去分詞的差別：（1）語態(tài)不一樣：-ing形式表示主動(dòng)觀點(diǎn)，及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。aninspiringspeech激勵(lì)人心的演說；theinspiredaudience受激勵(lì)的聽眾。2v1.0可編寫可改正（2）時(shí)間關(guān)系不一樣：此刻分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，而過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作，常常是已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動(dòng)作，如：Thechangingworld正在發(fā)生的世界；thechangedworld已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。練習(xí)、非謂語動(dòng)詞（三）1.Thereisnoquestionof_____abletofinishithimself.A.TomwasB.Tom'sbeingC.Tom'sbeD.TomisThenewshoppingcenter_____nowwillbeputintousebytheendofthisyear.A.builtB.bebuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt3."Haveyouhadsupper""Notyet.Themeal_____."A.arebeingcookedB.isbeingcookedC.iscookedD.arecooked4."I'mglad______youhereinthehotel.""It'smygreatpleasuretohaveyou______us."A.meeting,toB.tohavemet,withC.havingmet,amongD.tomeet,of5.I'mafraidIcan'tmakemyself_____inEnglish.3v1.0可編寫可改正A.understandingB.understandC.tobeunderstoodD.understood6.Althoughinahurry,Wilson______.A.couldn'tstopwalkingB.couldn'thelpthestrangerC.stoppedtohelpthestrangerD.didn'tanswerthestranger7.Janetiseasy_____.A.forgettingalongwithB.bygettingalongwithC.togetalongwithD.gotalongwith8.Don'tforget______thelightwhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.toturnoffC.turningoffD.turnedoff9.Themotherisveryglad;herbabyisbeginning______.A.understandingwhatshemeansB.tounderstandthatshemeantC.tounderstandwhatshemeansD.noticingwhatshemeans,4v1.0可編寫可改正10.Ithinkthisstoryis_____.A.worthbeingreadB.worthreadingC.worthtoreadD.worthofreading11.Thisscientistisaman______praise.A.worthtoB.worthytobeC.worthyofD.worth12.Idon'twant______anymoretrouble,youseeA.therebeingB.ittobeC.itbeingD.theretobeWhenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething______.A.stealingB.missedC.stolenD.tosteal14.Strictly_____,itisn'tworththepriceyouareasking.A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.spoken15.Time______,they'llcomeheretowatchus______football.A.permitted,playingB.permitted,toplayC.permitting,playD.permitting,toplay5v1.0可編寫可改正16.Themanwasseen_____intothecourtyard.A,stealingB.stolenC.bestealingD.hadstolen17.Bobshouldlove_____tothepartytomorrowevening.A.takingB.tobetakenC.totakeD.beingtaken18.Tomhadnochoicebut_____theclassroomwithhisclassmates.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleans19.Mr.BrownsaidthathiscarneededA.toberepairedB.beingrepairedC.berepairingD.torepair20.Theoldmandidn'tknowwhethertosellthecaror____.A.beingkeptforlateruseB.keptforlateruseC.tokeepitforlateruseD.tobekeptitforlateruse21.Thenoiseofthedesks_____couldbeheardinthenextclassroom.6v1.0可編寫可改正A.beingopenedandclosedB.openedandclosedC.havingbeenopenedandclosedD.tobeopenedandclosedIremember_____someone____theumbrellaaway.A.tosee,takeB.havingseen,totakeC.tosee,totakeD.havingseen,take23.Shewasnoticed______theshop.A.toenterB.enterC.havingenteredD.entered24.Icouldn'thelp_____whenIheardthejoke.A.beinglaughedB.laughingC.tobelaughingD.tolaugh,sheburstintotears.A.DeeplymovedB.Deeplymoving7v1.0可編寫可改正C.AsshedeeplymovedD.Asshewasdeeplymoving26.Theproblemrequires______.A.studyingwithgreatcareB.tostudycarefullyC.tobestudiedwithoutcarelessnessD.takinggreatcareofstudyingit27._____carelessly,theboymademistakeshereandthere..A.beingwrittenB.WroteC.WriteD.Writing28.Hewouldrather______hisparentswiththeirhouseworkthan_____outtoplaygames.A.tohelp,togoB.help,goC.help,togoD.tohelp,go29.Theboyhadhisleg_____while____football.A.broken,playingB.break,playC.broken,playedD.broke,wasplaying30.Havingfinishedthework,_____.A.itwasalmostsixo'clock8v1.0可編寫可改正B.apostmancameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomelettersC.supperhadbeenalreadypreparedD.wehadarestandthenhadsupper31.Heisill.Hehaskept_____.A.coughingallalongB.tocoughatnightC.coughsinceyesterdayD.beingcougheddayandnight32.Itisnouse____without_____.A.totalk,doingB.taking,beingdoneC.talking,doingD.beingtalked,beingtodo33."Iusuallygotherebyboat.""Whynot_____bytrainforachange"A.trygoingB.totrygoingC.tryingtogoD.totryandgo9v1.0可編寫可改正,shefeltquiteshyattheparty.A.AssheastrangerB.BeingastrangerC.AccordingtoastrangerD.Shelikeastranger35.Everymorninghegetsupearlyandpractises______andthen_____toschool.A.toreadEnglish,goB.readingEnglish,goingC.readingEnglish,goesD.ofreadingEnglish,goes36.While_____footballontinplayground,Ifound'mykeys______.A.playing,lost,B.play,losingC.played,beinglostD.havingplayed,lost37.____thesamemistakesagainmadehisparentsveryangry.A.HishavingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Himmaking38.Dickmadeit______toallhisfriends.10v1.0可編寫可改正A.toknowB.knownC.knowD.knowing39.Annaspendsonehouraday_____spokenEnglish.A.practiseB.topractiseC.onpractisingD.inpractising40.Noonewassurprisedat_____theexamination.A.hepassingB.hispassC.himpassD.hispassingAl