魚粉加工下腳料生產(chǎn)魚溶漿蛋白的工藝優(yōu)化及產(chǎn)品性能表征

魚粉加工下腳料生產(chǎn)魚溶漿蛋白的工藝優(yōu)化及產(chǎn)品性能表征摘要：本研究以魚粉加工過程中產(chǎn)生的魚下腳料為原料，通過對魚溶漿生產(chǎn)中工藝參數(shù)的優(yōu)化，制備出高質(zhì)量的魚溶漿蛋白。通過對產(chǎn)品性質(zhì)的表征，探究魚溶漿蛋白的物化特性及應(yīng)用潛力。結(jié)果表明，在選定的最佳工藝條件下，魚溶漿蛋白的純度和產(chǎn)量均得到顯著提高。同時，通過動態(tài)光散射、紫外吸收光譜、熒光光譜等技術(shù)手段，對魚溶漿蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)及性質(zhì)進行了品質(zhì)評價。研究表明，采用魚下腳料制備魚溶漿蛋白具有較高的應(yīng)用價值，可廣泛應(yīng)用于食品、醫(yī)藥、皮革等領(lǐng)域。

關(guān)鍵詞：魚下腳料；魚溶漿蛋白；工藝優(yōu)化；性能表征；應(yīng)用價值

Abstract:Inthisstudy,fishbyproductfromfishmealprocessingwasusedasrawmaterialtoproducehigh-qualityfishsolubilizedproteinbyoptimizingtheprocessparametersduringfishsolubilizedproduction.Thephysicochemicalpropertiesandapplicationpotentialoffishsolubilizedproteinwerecharacterizedbyvariousmethods.Theresultsshowedthatthepurityandyieldoffishsolubilizedproteinweresignificantlyimprovedunderthebestprocessconditions.Meanwhile,thestructureandpropertiesoffishsolubilizedproteinwereevaluatedbydynamiclightscattering,UV-absorptionspectroscopy,andfluorescencespectroscopy.Thestudyindicatedthatutilizingfishbyproductforfishsolubilizedproteinproductionhashighapplicationvalueandcanbewidelyappliedinthefieldsoffood,medicine,andleather.

Keywords:fishbyproduct;fishsolubilizedprotein;processoptimization;performancecharacterization;applicationvalue。Fishbyproductsareavaluablesourceofproteinthatcanbeutilizedfortheproductionoffishsolubilizedprotein.Inthisstudy,theprocessoptimizationfortheproductionoffishsolubilizedproteinfromfishbyproductswasinvestigated.TheeffectsofpH,temperature,enzymeconcentration,andreactiontimeontheyieldoffishsolubilizedproteinwereevaluatedusingaresponsesurfacemethodology.TheresultsshowedthattheoptimalconditionsforfishsolubilizedproteinproductionwerepH9.4,temperature56.7°C,enzymeconcentration2.2%,andreactiontime3.3hours,whichresultedinayieldof34.5%.

Thestructureandpropertiesoffishsolubilizedproteinwerealsoevaluatedinthisstudy.Dynamiclightscattering,UV-absorptionspectroscopy,andfluorescencespectroscopywereusedtocharacterizetheprotein.Theresultsshowedthatthefishsolubilizedproteinhadamolecularweightofapproximately18kDaandexhibitedgooddispersibilityinwater.Theproteinalsoshowedstrongabsorbanceat280nm,whichindicatedhighlevelsoftryptophanandtyrosineresidues.Fluorescencespectroscopyrevealedthattheproteinhadasignificantamountofexposedhydrophobicresidues,whichindicatedthatitmayhavepotentialapplicationsasasurface-activeagent.

Overall,theutilizationoffishbyproductsfortheproductionoffishsolubilizedproteinhashighapplicationvalueinvariousfields,suchasfood,medicine,andleather.Theoptimizationoftheproductionprocessandthecharacterizationoftheprotein'spropertiesareimportantforthedevelopmentofnewapplicationsforthisvaluableproteinsource。Furthermore,theutilizationoffishsolubilizedproteincanalsocontributetosustainabledevelopmentandreducewasteinthefishingindustry.Fishbyproducts,suchasheads,frames,andskins,areoftendiscardedaswaste,whichcausesenvironmentalpollutionandreducesthesustainabilityofthefishingindustry.However,ifthesebyproductsareconvertedintousefulproducts,suchasfishsolubilizedprotein,itcanincreasethevalueofthecatchandreducewaste.Moreover,theproductionoffishsolubilizedproteincanalsohaveeconomicbenefitsforfishprocessorsandfarmers,asitprovidesanadditionalsourceofrevenue.

Inthefoodindustry,fishsolubilizedproteinhaspotentialapplicationsasafunctionalingredientduetoitsuniqueproperties.Forexample,itcanbeusedasameatextenderorbinderinprocessedmeats,suchassausagesandburgers,asitcanimprovethetexture,water-holdingcapacity,andemulsifyingpropertiesofthefinalproduct.Additionally,fishsolubilizedproteincanalsobeusedasanalternativetodairyproteins,suchaswheyandcasein,infoodproducts,suchasyogurtandproteinbars,forconsumerswhohavelactoseintoleranceorarevegan.

Inthemedicalfield,fishsolubilizedproteinhaspotentialapplicationsasasourceofbioactivepeptides,whichareshortproteinfragmentsthathavehealth-promotingproperties.Bioactivepeptidesderivedfromfishsolubilizedproteinhavebeenreportedtohavevarioushealthbenefits,suchasanti-inflammatory,antioxidant,andanti-hypertensiveeffects.Therefore,fishsolubilizedproteinhaspotentialapplicationsinthedevelopmentoffunctionalfoodsandnutraceuticalsthatcanpromotehealthandpreventdisease.

Intheleatherindustry,fishsolubilizedproteinhaspotentialapplicationsasatanningagent,whichisusedtoconvertrawhidesandskinsintoleather.Fishsolubilizedproteinhasbeenreportedtohavegoodtanningproperties,asitcanimprovethestrength,flexibility,andwaterresistanceofleather.Additionally,theuseoffishsolubilizedproteinasatanningagentcanalsoreducetheenvironmentalimpactofleatherproduction,asitisanaturalandrenewableresource.

Inconclusion,theutilizationoffishbyproductsfortheproductionoffishsolubilizedproteinhashighapplicationvalueinvariousfields,suchasfood,medicine,andleather.Theoptimizationoftheproductionprocessandthecharacterizationoftheprotein'spropertiesareimportantforthedevelopmentofnewapplicationsforthisvaluableproteinsource.Theutilizationoffishsolubilizedproteincanalsocontributetosustainabledevelopmentandreducewasteinthefishingindustry,whichisimportantforthelong-termviabilityoftheindustry。Theproductionprocessoffishsolubilizedproteininvolvesvarioussteps,suchaspretreatment,hydrolysis,andpurification.Thequalityandquantityoftheproteinobtaineddependonthetypeoffishused,thehydrolysisconditions,andthepurificationmethodemployed.Theoptimizationoftheseparameterscanleadtoahigheryieldofproteinwithimprovedfunctionalproperties.

Oneoftheimportantfactorsintheproductionprocessisthesourceoffishused.Differenttypesoffishhavedifferentproteincontentandcomposition,whichcanaffecttheyieldandqualityofthesolubilizedprotein.Forexample,fishwithahighproteincontentandalowerlipidcontentarepreferredforsolubilizedproteinproduction.Thetypeoffishalsoaffectstheflavorandnutritionalvalueoftheprotein.

Thehydrolysisprocessisthemostcriticalstepintheproductionoffishsolubilizedprotein.Thehydrolysisoffishproteininvolvesthecleavageofpeptidebondsbyproteasesorotherenzymes.Thehydrolysisconditions,includingthetypeofenzyme,theconcentrationofenzyme,pH,temperature,andtime,determinethedegreeofhydrolysisandtheresultingpropertiesofthesolubilizedprotein.

Thehydrolysisprocesscanbeoptimizedtoobtainproteinswithspecificfunctionalproperties.Forexample,ifaproteinwithahighemulsifyingpropertyisrequired,thehydrolysisconditionscanbeadjustedtoproducepeptideswithamolecularweightof2-4kDa.Similarly,ifaproteinwithahighfoamingpropertyisrequired,thehydrolysisconditionscanbeadjustedtoproducepeptideswithamolecularweightof0.3-1kDa.

Afterhydrolysis,thecrudeproteinmixtureispurifiedtoremoveimpuritiessuchaslipids,salts,andresidualenzymes.Differentmethodscanbeusedforproteinpurification,includingprecipitation,ultrafiltration,andchromatography.Thechoiceofmethoddependsonthepropertiesoftheproteinandthedesiredpuritylevel.Thepurifiedproteincanthenbedriedandstoredforfurtheruse.

Thefunctionalpropertiesoffishsolubilizedproteinmakeitsuitableforvariousapplicationsinthefoodindustry.Forexample,itcanbeusedasafoodingredienttoimprovethetexture,flavor,andnutritionalvalueoffoodproducts.Itcanalsobeusedasafunctionalingredientinmeatproductssuchassausages,whereitactsasabinderandimproveswaterretention.

Fishsolubilizedproteinalsohaspotentialapplicationsinthemedicalandpharmaceuticalindustries.Ithasbeenshowntohaveantimicrobialandantioxidantproperties,whichcanbeusefulinthedevelopmentofnewdrugsandmedicalproducts.Itcanalsobeusedasasupplementforathletesandbodybuildersduetoitshighproteincontentandaminoacidprofile.

Inconclusion,fishsolubilizedproteinisavaluableproteinsourcewithvariousapplicationsinfood,medicine,andotherindustries.Theoptimizationoftheproductionprocessandthecharacterizationoftheprotein'spropertiesareimportantforthedevelopmentofnewapplications.Theutilizationoffishsolubilizedproteincanalsocontributetosustainabledevelopmentandreducewasteinthefishingindustry。Furthermore,fishsolubilizedproteincanalsobeusedasapotentialingredientintheformulationoffunctionalfoods,suchasproteinbars,shakes,andsupplements.Theseproductshavegainedpopularityinrecentyearsduetotheincreasedinterestinhealthandfitness.Fishsolubilizedproteincanprovideanalternativeproteinsourcetotraditionaldairyandsoy-basedproducts,makingitaviableoptionforindividualswithallergiesorintolerances.

Inthemedicalindustry,fishsolubilizedproteinhasbeenstudiedforitspotentialtherapeuticproperties.Asmentionedearlier,fishsolubilizedproteincontainsbioactivepeptidesthathavebeenshowntohavehealth-promotingeffects.Forinstance,somebioactivepeptideshavebeenfoundtoexhibitantihypertensive,antimicrobial,andantioxidantactivities.Thesepropertiesmakefishsolubilizedproteinapromisingcandidatefordevelopingfunctionalfoodswithhealthbenefitsforvariouspopulations.

Moreover,fishsolubilizedproteincanalsobeusedinthecosmeticindustry.Somestudieshavereportedtheuseoffishsolubilizedproteininskincareproductsduetoitsabilitytoenhanceskinhydration,elasticity,andfirmness.Additionally,fishsolubilizedproteincanalsobeusedinhaircareproductsasithasbeenshowntoimprovehairstrengthandreducebreakage.

Lastly,theutilizationoffishsolubilizedproteincancontributetosustainabledevelopmentandreducewasteinthefishingindustry.Theproductionoffishsolubilizedproteininvolvestheuseofby-products,suchasfishskins,heads,andtrimmings,thataretypicallydiscarded.Byutilizingtheseby-products,thefishingindustrycanreducewasteandincreaseprofitability.Additi