常用后綴Microsoft文檔

常用后綴后綴（suffix）是添加到一個(gè)單詞后面的那一部分，如在單詞kindness,quickly中的-ness和-ly。英語中的后綴（否定后綴除外）一般對單詞本身的含義改變不大，但會改變詞性。不同的詞類有相對固定的后綴形式，比如，-ness屬于名詞后綴，而-less則屬于形容詞后綴。所以掌握后綴知識可幫助同學(xué)們記憶單詞和轉(zhuǎn)換不同的詞性，從而提高單詞使用的準(zhǔn)確性和有效性。根據(jù)常見的后綴的特點(diǎn)，我們把后綴分成四類：名詞后綴、形容詞后綴、動(dòng)詞后綴和副詞后綴。1.名詞后綴后綴表示意義例示-abilityability能力；才能-ibility能力；可能disability殘疾，無能力possibility可能性名性；適應(yīng)性responsibility責(zé)任capability能力-acyaccuracy精確性agency機(jī)構(gòu)-cy具有……的emergency緊急情況fluency流利-ancy狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、policy政策，方針tendency趨勢詞-ency過程、行為、地位、職位expectancy期待privacy隱私-ary1. 從anniversary周年紀(jì)念日diary日記-ery事……的人astronomy天文學(xué)battery電池-ory2.行為，狀glory光榮，榮譽(yù)victory勝利-ry態(tài)，習(xí)性3.inquiry問詢，查詢fantasy幻想-y住所，場所，tragedy悲劇economy經(jīng)濟(jì)后地方4.學(xué)科，技術(shù)-age1.表示集percentage百分比合名詞，總cottage村舍稱2.表示village村莊場所、地點(diǎn)shortage短缺3.表示費(fèi)postage郵資用；數(shù)量4.storage貯藏量

綴表示行為或行為的結(jié)果5.表示狀態(tài)、情況、身份等marriage結(jié)婚advantage禾日益-alarrival至U達(dá)burial埋葬approval贊成；……的過程同意proposal提議；建議或狀態(tài)survival幸存chemicals化學(xué)藥物-an專長，精通，historian歷史學(xué)家musician音樂家-ian鉆研……的politician政客vegetarian素食者名-ean人；……的專家；……地方的人European歐洲人American美國人詞-ance-ence……的行advance前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展 guidance指導(dǎo)allowance津貼，補(bǔ)助violence暴力appearance外貌 absence缺席為、狀況、consequence后果 entrance入口動(dòng)作、過程experience經(jīng)歷、經(jīng)驗(yàn)independence獨(dú)立performance表演-ant…….的agent代理商 merchant商人-ent人；……的assistant助手 opponent對手事物element元素，要素incident事件-ar…的人或liar說謊 scholar學(xué)者后-er事物；具gardener園丁 customer顧客-ier有…的人或philosopher哲學(xué)家laughter笑聲-or事物；與….cashier出納員author作者有關(guān)的人；editor編輯inventor發(fā)明家屬于…的Visitor人；…的動(dòng)harbor港口humor幽默作、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)flavor風(fēng)味

-ate具有…….的人；……地位、職能candidate候選人delegate代表advocate提倡doctorate博士學(xué)位-ation-ion-ition-sion-tion……的行為、狀態(tài)、動(dòng)作、過程、結(jié)果attention注意conclusion結(jié)論invitation邀請imagination想象opposition反對profession職業(yè)pollution污染production生產(chǎn)tradition傳統(tǒng)transportation運(yùn)輸accommodation住處contribution貢獻(xiàn)；捐獻(xiàn)competition比賽；競賽-dom……的狀態(tài)、職位、地位、領(lǐng)域、群體、集體kingdom王國freedom自由wisdom智慧stardom明星的地位-ee受動(dòng)者；成為…的人；與…有關(guān)的人employee雇員refugee難民absentee缺席者trainee受訓(xùn)者interviewee被采訪者-eer與……有關(guān)的人（專做某種工作或從事某種職業(yè)的人）engineer工程師mountaineer登山者pioneer先鋒volunteer志愿者-ese…國（地方）的人或語言；…的文體或用語Chinese中國人，中文Japanese日本人，日語journalese新聞文體-ess表示女性或雌性動(dòng)物actress女演員hostess女主人lioness母獅eagless雌鷹-graph寫（畫、描繪、記錄）的器具或東autograph親筆簽名，手稿paragraph段落photograph照片綴名詞

西-graphy某種藝術(shù)或?qū)W科biography傳記calligraphy書法geography地理學(xué)后-hood……的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、時(shí)期brotherhood兄弟之誼childhood童年manhood成年motherhood母性，母親身份neighborhood鄰居關(guān)系，街坊綴-ic者；……的學(xué)科、藝術(shù)或活動(dòng)critic批評家mechanic技工magic魔術(shù)logic邏輯學(xué)topic話題-ics……的學(xué)科、藝術(shù)、活動(dòng)dramatics戲劇表演藝術(shù)physics物理學(xué)politics政治學(xué)-ing1.構(gòu)成抽象名詞，表示行為、狀態(tài)、情況及其他2,表示行業(yè)，…學(xué)科，…方法3.表示總稱及材料4.表示某種行為的產(chǎn)物、有關(guān)事物ageing老化feeling感覺farming耕作schooling教育accounting會計(jì)banking銀行業(yè)boxing拳術(shù)clothing衣月艮building建筑物filling填充物holding占有物-ism……主義；宗教；……的行為現(xiàn)象；……學(xué)術(shù)；……學(xué)capitalism資本主義realism現(xiàn)實(shí)主義Buddhism佛教magnetism磁學(xué)impressionism印象派

術(shù)或文藝流派；……制度federalism聯(lián)邦制tourism旅游業(yè)-ist……的信仰者、實(shí)施者；……的專家；從事……的人artist藝術(shù)家communist共產(chǎn)主義者，共產(chǎn)主義的journalist記者scientist科學(xué)家specialist專家Industrialist工業(yè)家、實(shí)業(yè)家Naturalist博物學(xué)家、自然主義者-ity-ty……的性質(zhì)；……的狀態(tài)；……的程度beauty美麗creativity創(chuàng)造力curiosity好奇liberty自由poverty貧困variety多樣性-itude-tude……的性質(zhì)、情況、狀態(tài)altitude高度，緯度latitude緯度longitude經(jīng)度gratitude感激-logy-ology學(xué)科，科目；……研究，……論archaeology考古學(xué)biology生物學(xué)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)technology科技-man-sman從事……的人chairman主席salesman店員sportsman運(yùn)動(dòng)員statesman政治家-ment…的行為、結(jié)果、過程、組織；表示物；表示組織、機(jī)構(gòu)achievement成就amusement消遣argument爭論punishment處罰treatment待遇statement陳述，聲明apartment房間equipment設(shè)備department部，局government政府-mony…的行為或結(jié)果ceremony儀式harmony一致，和諧-ness……的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、程度darkness黑暗emptiness空虛kindness仁慈，善意illness疾病

-ship……的狀態(tài)、情況、關(guān)系、性質(zhì)、身份、技藝、技巧hardship困難friendship友誼citizenship公民身份leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)relationship關(guān)系workmanship工藝-sphere（包圍地球等的大氣）層atmosphere大氣層，氣氛-ster與……有關(guān)的人；有……品質(zhì)的人minister牧師，部長youngster年輕人，小孩gangster匪徒-th......動(dòng)作、過程、狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)death死亡growth生長health健康wealth財(cái)富youth青春depth深度length長度strength體力，力量-um…… 地方；……元素museum博物館stadium露天體育場uranium鈾radium鐳-ure……的行動(dòng)、過程、結(jié)果adventure冒險(xiǎn)，奇遇culture文化architecture建筑學(xué)failure失敗gesture姿態(tài)mixture混合物pleasure愉快pressure壓力-ware……的物品、用具h(yuǎn)ardware金屬器件software軟件silverware銀器ironware鐵器反饋訓(xùn)練2一.給括號內(nèi)的單詞加上適當(dāng)?shù)暮缶Y，并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁铡?Sydneywantstobecomea(law)inthefuture..Iwenttoconsultwithmy(account)beforemakingthedecision..Coralisnotaplantbuta(vary)ofanimallife..The(engine)havebeenaccusedofhavinganoutlook(觀點(diǎn))whichistoonarrowlytechnical..Tobeeffectiveinschoolsystems,students,teachers,aswellas(library),requiretraining..Mary’sChristmascardswerelistedinthealphabeticalorderofthefamilynamesofthe(receive)..Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenough(attend)tonewinformationcomingin,soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores..Becauseofhisspecialexperience,hewaschosentobean(assist)tothepresidentforenergyaffairs..ManyfactorshaveinfluencedAmericanpronunciationsincethefirst(settle)arrivedfourhundredyearsago..Butifyouwanttobea(lead),youmustlearntofail---andnotdieathousanddeaths.Thereare55(minor)inourcountry.At(long)thebusarrived,fortyminuteslate.Doyouknowanyonewithamentalorphysical(disable)?The(difficult)ishowI’mgoingtounderstanditwithoutadictionary.Water,food,and(electric)werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Thepresentsituationisverycomplex,soIthinkitwilltakemesometimetofigureoutits(real).Inordertoavoid(marry),shesaysthatanypotentialhusbandmustanswerthreeriddlescorrectlyordie.Familyexpertswarnthatthenew(equal)canalsoresultinlessrespectforparents.Thereisa(possible)thatitwillbeverycoldtonight.Footprintsareoneofthefewpiecesofhardevidencesupportingthe(exist)ofYeti(雪人).Makean(arrange).Let'smeetat6:30,outsidethecinema.Perhapstheir(fail)isbecauseoftheirlowEQ.Stayingcalmwillgreatlyincreaseyourchancesof(survive).In(add)tohismoviework,Redfordisknownasachampionoftheenvironmentalcauses.Myparentswereinahuge(argue),andIwasreallyupsetaboutit.Howdoyoudealwiththe(disagree)betweenthecompanyandthecustomers?ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cardsweredesignedfor(entertain)andeducation.Thereisnospecial(require)foryoutostartyour(member).MumsaysIhadbetterpassmyexams,orshewillsellthecomputeras (punish).Thefirstthingyouwillreadisa(state)ofwhattheargumentisabout.Itwastheirtwenty-fifth(wed)anniversarylastweek.Thesurveyfoundthatmengotgreater(satisfy)fromcaringfortheirfamiliesthanfromwork.Icansaynothing---thematterisstillunder(discuss).Thislawprovides(protect)forthreatenedanimalsandplants.Hegaveuphis(occupy)asafarmerandbecameateacher.TheEnglishversionisboring——perhapsithaslostsomethingin(translate).Wehavereceived(inform)thatGrantmayhaveleftthecountry.Icamewithevery(intend)ofstaying,butnowI’vedecidedtoleave.Somebutterfliesmixtheir(surround)sothatit’sdifficulttoseethem.Oncetheydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldreachthe(admit)procedures.二.根據(jù)所給漢語或所缺單詞的首字母，寫出單詞的正確形式。Ifyouget11points,whatkindof(個(gè)性)doyouhave?Therewasasofoxygenatthetopofthemountain.The(大多數(shù))ofpeopleinmyneighbourhoodareItalian.Ihadallmyfriendsaroundmeandtheencouragementandgfrommyfamily.OfcourseforeachitemsoldeBaygeta提成比例)andthatisagreatdealofmoney.Whatstruckmemostwasthatmanyofthemdidnotseemparticularlyhappyabouttheirnewlyfound（自由）.MrBean,aninternationallyrecognizedcomedycharacteronTVandfilms,amusesaudiencesregardlessoftheirnorculture.Althoughitisimpossibletochoosethemostimportant（發(fā)現(xiàn)），itispossibletosingleoutafewpioneersofthe20thcentury.Thereisanoldproverb,“Loveme,lovemydog.’’Butthereismore（智慧）inthis:“Loveme,lovemybook.”KingLeardividedhis（王國）intothreepartswiththeintentionofleavingthemtohisthreedaughters.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkershavetheirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirh.LittledidRosecareaboutherowns,thoughshewasingreatdangerherself.Hecaughtahighfever.Hisbodytwasashighas40℃.Heclaimstohaveseenaroundblack（生物）movingquicklythroughthewater.Acommercial（廣告）isonewhichsomeonehaspaidfortopromoteaproductorservice.Thatinfamous（無恥的）cwasfinallysentencedtodeath.ShewastheteacherwhotaughtusEnglish（文學(xué)）.Wecameupwithseveralchoicessuchasgoingboating,climbingam