高中英語狀語從句詳細講解

Welcometoourclass語法框架圖按使用目的分1.陳述句2.疑問句3.祈使句4.感嘆句:說明一個事實或陳述一種看法:提出問題:提出請求,建議或發(fā)出命令，省略主語you的句子:表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒語法框架圖、按其結構可以分:1.簡單句2.并列句3.復合句1.主語+謂語2.主語+謂語+賓語3.主語+系動詞+表語4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語5.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語1,定語從句2.名詞性從句3.狀語從句1.表語從句2.主語從句3.賓語從句4.同位語從句條件,結果,方式,讓步,,時間,比較.在復合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞性從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句狀語從句1.時間狀語從句2.地點狀語從句3.原因狀語從句4.條件狀語從句5.讓步狀語從句6.目的狀語從句7.結果狀語從句8.方式狀語從句9.比較狀語從句1.狀語定義:

合句中由從句擔任狀語，稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語、定語或狀語，或是整個句子2.當充當狀語的部分是一個句子時，也就是狀語從句。分類如下：什么是狀語？時間地點條件讓步原因目的結果比較方式狀語從句一.時間狀語從句1.注意時態(tài)一致.一般情況下:主句是將來時的時候,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時1.表示同時性，即主從句的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。1.時間狀語從句引導詞可分為兩部分．aswhile

whenwheneverbeforeafteruntil(till)sinceassoonaseverytimenexttimethefirst/…timethemomenttheminute/…instantlyimmediatelydirectly

(一…就…)

as引導的時間狀語從句,可以表達“正當……”，“一邊……一邊……”，“隨著……”等意思。1.表示某事一發(fā)生，另一事立即發(fā)生。

Asthesunrose,thefogdisappeared.2.表示在某事發(fā)生的過程中，另一事發(fā)生。

Justashewasspeakingtherewasaloudexplosion.3.表示兩個動作同時發(fā)生。

Helensangasongasshewashed.4.表示“隨著…..”.常指一個行為是另一個行為的結果。Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful.1.as,while,when的區(qū)別while:持續(xù)性動詞／進行時1.一般或現(xiàn)在情況2.將來情況－V一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時3.過去情況e.g.IlikelisteningtomusicwhileIamdoingmyhomework.e.g.—I’mgoingtothepostoffice.--Whileyouarethere,canyougetsomestampsforme?e.g.IhurtmyshouldwhileIwasdoinggym.When:1.當…的時候WhenIwasyoung,Iwenttotownmyself.Whenhereceivestheletter,he’lltellus.

before引導的時間狀語從句

1.常譯為“在……之前”，2.表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之前。1.Wecleantheclassroombeforeweleaveschooleveryday.2.Itwillnotbelongbeforeyouregretforwhatyou’vedone.after引導的時間狀語從句1.常譯為“在……之后”，2.表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。1.Afteryouuseplasticbags,youmustn’tthrowthemabout.用過了塑料袋之后，不準到處亂扔。since引導的時間狀語從句1.常譯為“自從……”，2.主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句常用一般過去時。

1.我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。

Wehaven’tseeneachothersinceweparted.

常用句型：Ithasbeen(is)+時間段+since從句“自從……有多長時間了”

2.自從她大學畢業(yè)已經有六年時間了。

Ithasbeen(is)sixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.before,after,sinceHehadleftthetowntheday______shearrived.Itwasnotlong_____helefthishometown.Iplayedfootball_____I(had)finishedmyhomeworkPleasetellherI’llcome_______Idosomeshopping.Itwillnotbelong_____wemeateachotheragain.It____________(be)twoyearssincewe_______(begin)tousethismachine.beforeafterbeforebeforeafteris/hasbeenbeganuntil/till引導的時間狀語從句1.常譯為“直到……時”，2.表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句之前?！舢斨骶渲^語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，主句常用肯定形式。1：我會待在這里，直到你回來。I’llstayhereuntilyoucomeback.◆當主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞時,主句常用否定形式。

not…until…“直到……才……”，這時until可用before替換。Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.

2.他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。assoonas引導的時間狀語從句1.譯為“一…就…”，2.表示從句動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。

1.他一回來我就告訴他這件事。Iwilltellhimaboutitassoonashecomesback.2.相當于assoonas用法的詞或短語還有：immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant等.2.I’llgivehimyourmessagetheminutehearrives.1.DirectlyIhaddoneit,IknewIhadmadeamistake.名詞短語引導的時間狀語從句◆

1.themoment,theminute,

3.theinstant,thetime,

5.thehour,theday,

7.bythetime,eachtime,

9.everytime,nexttime,anytime等也可以引導時間狀語從句。

1.IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeIsawher.

2.Bythetimeyouarrived,thelecturehadalreadyended.3.Bythetimehecomes,wewillalreadyhaveleft.1.

WheneverytimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometohelpme.2.

Atnexttimeyoucome,dorememberbringyoursonhere.3.

ForthefirsttimeImetthegirl.Ifeltinlovewithher.4.

Youarewelcometocomebackatanytimeyouwantto.5.

AtthelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.語法規(guī)則：everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime等名詞短語引導狀語從句不加介詞?？键c:名詞短語引導時間狀語從句其他連詞引導的時間狀語從句◆1.nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely/barely…when…2.從句用一般過去時，主句用過去完成時。3.當nosooner,hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首時，主句要用部分倒裝。1.Ihadnosoonerbeguntotalkthanherangoff.2.NosoonerhadIbeguntotalkthanherangoff.我還未來得及講話，他就掛斷了電話。地點狀語從句1.用連接副詞where或wherever引導。.

a.Juststaywhereyouare.b.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

c.Youcansitwhereveryoulike.

d.

Whereveryougo,I’llberightherewaitingforyou.Whenhereadsabook,hishabitistomakeamark___themeaningisuncleartohim.A.thereB.whereverC.theplaceD.inwhich2.地點狀語從句1.Where--…的地方

2.Wherever=nomatterwhere---…不論何處Gowhereyouwant.You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.You’dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.Whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.地點狀語從句定語從句原因狀語從句1.表示主句中的某一動作或狀態(tài)所發(fā)生的原因。引導這種從句2.常用的連接詞是：because,as,since,nowthat,for,和consideringthat,seeingthat這七個連詞都用于表示表示原因,但在語氣上一個比一個弱。e.g.Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.c.f.Hemightbeill,forhedidn’tcometoschool.表示“直接”原因。表示“間接的推斷”原因.不可出現(xiàn)在句首。3.原因狀語從句because,since,as,for的區(qū)別:1.because—直接原因，非推斷．語氣最強．回答why的問題。2.since–通常放句首．譯為“既然”3.as–不談自明的原因，語氣最弱。4.for–放句中，引導后半句表原因,或補充推斷的理由。1.because:因為,2.As:“由于”,表示較為明顯的原因,語氣弱Asyourequestit,Iwillcome.3.Since:”既然…”表示對方已經知道的事實或理由Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbegin.4.nowthat：因為,既然已…,現(xiàn)在已經…NowthatI’veseenhowhelives,Iknowwhyheneedssomuchmoney.結果狀語從句結果狀語從句常位于主句之后，由so,so…that,such…that;sothat等引導。a.

SoquicklydidherunthatIcouldn’tcatchupwithhim.

b.Thebusbrokedownsothatwehadtowalkhome.

c.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.★d.Hegottothestationfinally,only

to

findthetrainhadleft.7.結果狀語從句so…that,such…that1.so+形容詞/副詞+that從句

2.so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)that從句

3.

such+a/an形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that從句

4.such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞

+that5.so+many/much/few/little+名詞+thatSuch+alotof/lotsof+名詞+that從句1.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tgotosleeplastnight.2.Itissuchaninterestingnovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.3.Itissointerestinganovelthatallofuswanttoreadit.

當So或such置于句首時，主句要用倒裝語序Sointerestingisitthatallofuswanttoreadit.目的狀語從句引導目的狀語從句的連詞:inorderthat…用于正式文體中，所引從句可于主句前或后。sothata.

較常用，一般用于主句后,有時可分開，so有時可省;從句中要有情態(tài)動詞,否則,就成為下一種句型：b.

無情態(tài)動詞則引導結果狀語從句。forfearthat;incase;lest(以免)等。6.目的狀語從句e.g.a.We’llsitnearerthefrontsothatwecanhearbetter.

b.IshallwriteitdownlestIshouldforget.注意：當從句與主句的主語一致時，可用

soastodo…或inordertodo…e.g.Heranfastsothat

he

mightarrivetherebeforeteno’clock.→Heranfastsoastoarrivetherebeforeteno’clock.sothat:以便,目的是inorderthat:以便…forfearthatLest以防,惟恐incaseinorderthat句首句中sothat句中目的狀語從句中謂語動詞要用should+do1.Takeyourumbrellaincaseitshouldrain.2.Theyworkedharderthanusualinorderthattheycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.3.Ishallwritedownyourtelephone

numbersothatImaynotforgetit.條件狀語從句1.表示主句中的某一動作或狀態(tài)是在什么情況或條件下發(fā)生的。條件狀語從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。條件狀語從句由從屬連詞引導：if,unless(除非),as/solongas(只要),oncondition(只要),once(一旦),incase(假使),providing/provided(that)等。e.g.a.We’llcomeovertoseeyouonSaturdayifwehavetime.b.Weshouldservethepeopleas/solongaswelive.4.條件狀語從句連詞連詞:并列連詞和從屬連詞兩大類。1.并列連詞:連接主語與主語，謂語與謂語，句子與句子，分詞與分詞的詞，它要求前后兩部分有相同的形式和語法作用；2.從屬連詞:一般連接主句與從句，從句形式有名詞性從句，定語從句和狀語從句等。引導條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if,unless(=if…not除非),so/aslongas（只要）,incase（萬一）,onconditionthat（條件是）,suppose/supposing（假設，如果）,providedthat（如果）方式狀語從句主句動作進行方式的狀語被稱為方式狀語。通常用下列詞語引導:as,justas,asif,asthough,

theway(that),intheway(that)等。

a.WemustdoasthePartytellsus.

b.Leavethethingsastheyare.

c.Mostplantsneedsunlightjustastheyneedwater.

d.Itsoundsasifitisraining.

e.TheydiditinawaythatIhadneverseenbefore.

他們以我從沒見過的方式行事。

f.

Aswateristofish,soairistoman.

我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水8.方式狀語從句引導方式狀語從句的連詞有as,justas,正如,asif,asthough好像Doasyouaretoldto,oryouwillbefired.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewereherownson.IfeelasifIhaveafever.讓步狀語從句讓步概念的狀語從句被稱為讓步狀語從句。常用引導詞：though,although,evenif,eventhough,nomatter+疑問詞(what/who/where/when/which/how)疑問詞-ever(whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever)特殊引導詞：as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，

while(一般用在句首

)，

whether…or…,whether(…)ornot5.讓步狀語從句一、although/though,evenif,eventhough引導讓步狀語從句,不能和but連用Heisunhappy,though/althoughhehasalotofmoney.Although/thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.Evenif/thoughitisraining,wewillgothere.注意Though還可用作副詞，意思為可是，然而，，置于句末Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn’t,though.二、as或though引導讓步狀語從句時倒裝的情況as或though從句一般放在主句之前，常用倒裝語序。從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形置于句首，若表語是單數(shù)名詞，前置時要省略冠詞Childas/thoughheis,heknowsalot.Muchas/thoughIlike,Iwon’tbuyit,forit’stooexpensive.Tryas/thoughhemight,hecouldnotfindajob.Although引導讓步狀語從句只能用正常語序as引導讓步狀語從句，必須將從句中的、、以及謂語中的

提前至從句句首，作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需

。表語狀語實意動詞省略Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Thoughyoumayobject,I’llgo.Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.whether…or…,whether(…)ornotwhether…or…,whether…ornot表示“不論是否……”，“不管是……還是……”。其引導的從句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結果。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.You’llhavetoattendthepartywhetheryouarefreeorbusy.while

也可以引導讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”，語氣比though/although弱。其引導的從句一般位于

。句首例句：我盡管喜歡它的顏色，但不喜歡它的形狀。WhileIlikeitscolor,Idon’tlikeitsshape.三、whether…or不管...還是…；疑問詞+ever與nomatter+疑問詞(不管…;無論…)Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.Whatever(nomatterwhat)yousay,hewon’tbelieveyou.Whoever(nomatterwho)youare,youmustobeytherules.Whoever,whatever,whichever還可以引導名詞性從句Youcantakewhateveryoulike.though,although◆判斷以下句子是否正確：Althoughheisrich,butheisnothappy.Althoughheisrich,yetheisnothappy.Althoughwehavegrownup,ourparentsstilltreatusaschildren.◆要點歸納：though,although當“雖然”講,都不能和but連用.但是他們都可以同yet(still)連用.everif,eventhoughevenif和eventhough表示“”

即使We’llmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.nomatter+疑問詞疑問詞-everNomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.替換：nomatterwhat=whatever

nomatterwho=whoever

nomatterwhen=whenever

nomatterwhere=wherever

nomatterwhich=whichever

nomatterhow=however判斷正誤：Nomatterwhatyousayisofnousenow.Whateveryousayisofnousenow.歸納：nomatter+疑問詞不能引導主語從句和賓語從句，而“疑問詞+ever”則可以四、when和while也可以引導讓步狀語從句，相當于althoughSuddenlyshestoppedwhensheoughttohavecontinued.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由下列詞語引導：as…as,notso/as…as,more…than,less…than,themore+adj./adv.,themore+adj./adv.a.Heisnotso/ashealthyashisbrother.b.Theyjumpedupanddownashardastheycould.