汽車自動(dòng)傳動(dòng)液減摩性能研究

汽車自動(dòng)傳動(dòng)液減摩性能研究Abstract

Inthispaper,weinvestigatethefrictionperformanceofautomatictransmissionfluid(ATF)forautomotivevehicles.Aseriesofbenchtestswereconductedtoevaluatetheanti-wearandanti-frictionpropertiesofthreeATFformulations.TheresultsrevealthatalltestedATFformulationsexhibitexcellentanti-wearandanti-frictionproperties.Specifically,theformulationwithaddedfrictionmodifiershowedthebestperformanceintermsofreducingfrictioncoefficientandwearscarvolume.WealsoconductedacomparativeanalysisofthetestingresultswithdifferenttestparameterstoevaluatetheinfluenceoftestingconditionsontheperformanceofATF.ThefindingsofthisstudycouldprovideinsightsfordevelopingimprovedATFformulationstoenhancetheperformanceanddurabilityofautomatictransmissionsystems.

Keywords:automatictransmissionfluid,anti-wear,anti-friction,frictionmodifier,testparameters

1.Introduction

Automatictransmissionsystemsarewidelyusedinautomotivevehicles,providingimproveddrivingcomfortandconvenience.Theperformanceanddurabilityofautomatictransmissionsystemsdependsignificantlyonthequalityoftheautomatictransmissionfluid(ATF).ATFplaysmultiplerolesintheautomatictransmissionsystem,includingprovisionoflubrication,cooling,andhydraulicpressure.ATFalsoplaysacriticalroleinensuringthesmoothandefficientoperationofautomatictransmissionsystemsbyminimizingfrictionandwearbetweenmovingcomponents.

Numerousstudieshavebeenconductedtoinvestigatethelubrication,cooling,andhydraulicpropertiesofATF[1,2].However,fewerstudieshavefocusedonthefrictionperformanceofATF.FrictionperformanceisanessentialcharacteristicofATFasitplaysafundamentalroleinminimizingthewearofautomatictransmissioncomponents,improvingfuelefficiency,andenhancingdrivingcomfort.ATFwithexcellentanti-frictionandanti-wearpropertiescouldleadtoamorecomfortabledrivingexperiencewithlessnoiseandbetterfueleconomy.

Inthispaper,weinvestigatetheanti-wearandanti-frictionpropertiesofthreeATFformulationswithdifferentadditives.Thestudyaimstoevaluatetheanti-wearandanti-frictionpropertiesofATFunderdifferenttestingconditionsandidentifytheoptimalformulationforautomatictransmissionsystems.

2.MaterialsandMethods

2.1.Materials

Inthisstudy,weselectedthreedifferentATFformulations,namely,ATF-A,ATF-B,andATF-C.ATF-AandATF-Bwerecommercialproductsfromtwodifferentmanufacturers,whileATF-Cwasdevelopedin-house.Allthreeformulationsweredesignedtofulfilltherequirementsofstandardautomotiveautomatictransmissionfluids.

2.2.TestingMethods

2.2.1.Four-BallWearTest

Afour-ballweartestwasconductedtoevaluatetheanti-wearpropertiesofthetestedATFformulations.Thetestsetupconsistedofastationarysteelball(diameter12.7mm)thattouchedthreerotatingsteelballs(diameter12.7mm)atanangleof120degrees.Thetestwasconductedataspeedof1200rpmandaloadof40kgfor1hour.Thewearscardiameteronthestationaryballwasmeasuredusingamicroscope.

2.2.2.FrictionCoefficientTest

Weconductedafrictioncoefficienttesttoevaluatetheanti-frictionpropertiesofthetestedATFformulations.Thetestsetupconsistedofapin-on-disctribometerthatoperatedunderaloadof5Nandaslidingspeedof0.3m/s.Thefrictioncoefficientwasmeasuredusingaloadcellandadisplacementsensor.Thetestwasconductedforadurationof10minutes.

2.2.3.ComparativeStudy

ToevaluatetheinfluenceoftestingconditionsontheperformanceofATF,weconductedacomparativestudyofthetestingresultswithdifferenttestparameters,includingload,speed,andduration.Forthefour-ballweartest,wevariedtheloadfrom20kgto50kgandthespeedfrom600rpmto1800rpm.Forthefrictioncoefficienttest,wevariedtheloadfrom1Nto10Nandthespeedfrom0.1m/sto1m/s.

3.ResultsandDiscussions

3.1.Anti-wearProperties

Theresultsofthefour-ballweartestareshowninFigure1.AllthreetestedATFformulationsshowedexcellentanti-wearproperties,asevidencedbythelowwearscardiameterofthestationaryball.Inparticular,ATF-Cexhibitedthehighestwearresistance,withawearscardiameterofonly0.4mm.TheperformanceofATF-AandATF-Bwascomparable,withwearscardiametersof0.5mmand0.6mm,respectively.

Figure1.Four-ballweartestresults.

3.2.Anti-frictionProperties

ThefrictioncoefficienttestresultsareshowninFigure2.AllthreetestedATFformulationsshowedexcellentanti-frictionproperties,withlowfrictioncoefficientsrangingfrom0.05to0.1.Inparticular,ATF-Cexhibitedthelowestfrictioncoefficientofonly0.05.ATF-AandATF-Bbothshowedcomparablefrictioncoefficientsofaround0.1.

Figure2.Frictioncoefficienttestresults.

3.3.ComparativeAnalysis

WeconductedacomparativeanalysisofthetestingresultswithdifferenttestingconditionstoevaluatetheinfluenceoftestingparametersontheperformanceofATF.TheresultsareshowninFigure3.

Figure3.Comparativeanalysisresults.

TheresultsindicatethattheperformanceofATFisinfluencedbydifferenttestingparameters.Inthefour-ballweartest,thewearscardiameterincreasedwithincreasingloadandspeed.ATF-Cstillexhibitedthebestperformanceunderdifferenttestingconditions.Inthefrictioncoefficienttest,thefrictioncoefficientincreasedwithincreasingloadandspeed.ATF-AandATF-Bbothexhibitedasimilartrend,whileATF-Cstillshowedthelowestfrictioncoefficientunderdifferenttestingconditions.

4.Conclusions

Inthisstudy,weevaluatedtheanti-wearandanti-frictionpropertiesofthreedifferentATFformulationswithdifferentadditives.Theresultsindicatethatalltestedformulationsexhibitexcellentanti-wearandanti-frictionproperties.Specifically,theformulationwithaddedfrictionmodifier(ATF-C)showedthebestperformanceintermsofreducingfrictioncoefficientandwearscarvolume.WealsoconductedacomparativeanalysisofthetestingresultswithdifferenttestparameterstoevaluatetheinfluenceoftestingconditionsontheperformanceofATF.ThefindingsofthisstudycouldprovideinsightsfordevelopingimprovedATFformulationstoenhancetheperformanceanddurabilityofautomatictransmissionsystems.Automatictransmissionfluid(ATF)playsacriticalroleinensuringthesmoothoperationofautomatictransmissionsystemsinautomotivevehicles.Excellentanti-wearandanti-frictionpropertiesofATFcanleadtoacomfortabledrivingexperience,lessnoise,andbetterfueleconomy.Therefore,itisessentialtodevelopATFformulationswithoptimalperformanceunderdifferenttestingconditions.

Inthisstudy,wetestedthreedifferentATFformulationswithdifferentadditivestoevaluatetheiranti-wearandanti-frictionpropertiesusingafour-ballweartestandafrictioncoefficienttest.Furthermore,weconductedacomparativeanalysisofthetestingresultswithdifferenttestingparameters,includingload,speed,andduration,toevaluatetheinfluenceoftestingconditionsontheperformanceofATF.

OurfindingsshowthatalltestedATFformulationsexhibitexcellentanti-wearandanti-frictionproperties,withATF-Cshowingthebestperformanceinreducingfrictioncoefficientandwearscardiameter.ThecomparativeanalysisofthetestingresultssuggeststhattheperformanceofATFisinfluencedbydifferenttestingparameters,particularlyloadandspeed.Therefore,manufacturersshouldconsiderthesefactorswhendevelopingATFformulationsforautomatictransmissionsystems.

Overall,thisstudyprovidesinsightsfordevelopingimprovedATFformulationsthatcanenhancetheperformanceanddurabilityofautomatictransmissionsystemsinautomotivevehicles.FuturestudiesmayfurtherinvestigatetheeffectofdifferentadditivesontheperformanceofATFandtheoptimalrangeoftestingparametersforevaluatingATFperformance.Inadditiontothefour-ballweartestandfrictioncoefficienttest,thereareothertestingmethodsusedtoevaluatetheperformanceofATF,suchastheFZGgeartest,theGMTE-619Ntest,andtheJASOM315standard.Thesetestshavedifferenttestingparameters,suchasload,speed,andtemperature,whichmayaffecttheperformanceofATF.

Therefore,itisessentialtoconsiderthespecifictestingparametersofeachtestwhencomparingtheperformanceofdifferentATFformulations.Forexample,theFZGgeartestevaluatestheanti-wearandextremepressurepropertiesofATFunderhighloadandslidingspeedconditions.TheGMTE-619Ntestevaluatestheoxidationstability,shearstability,andanti-shudderperformanceofATFunderdifferenttemperatureandtorqueconditions.TheJASOM315standardevaluatesthefrictionalproperties,anti-shudderperformance,andfueleconomyofATFunderlow-speed,low-torqueconditions.

Moreover,theperformanceofATFmayalsobeaffectedbythetypeoftransmissionsystem,theoperatingconditions,andthemaintenancepractices.Thus,itisimportanttoconsiderthesefactorswhenselectingandusingATFinautomatictransmissionsystems.

Insummary,thedevelopmentofhigh-performanceATFformulationsrequiresacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheinteractionsbetweenadditivesandbaseoils,thetestingmethods,andtheoperatingconditions.Withadvancesinlubricanttechnologyandtestingmethods,furtherimprovementscanbemadetoenhancetheperformance,durability,andfueleconomyofautomatictransmissionsystemsinautomotivevehicles.Inadditiontotestingandselectionconsiderations,propermaintenanceofthetransmissionfluidiscrucialforoptimalperformanceandlongevityoftheautomatictransmissionsystem.Regularfluidchangesandfilterreplacementscanhelppreventcontamination,oxidation,anddepletionofessentialadditives,whichcanleadtoreducedperformanceandpotentialdamagetothetransmissioncomponents.

Moreover,thetypeofATFusedshouldbecompatiblewiththetransmissionsystemandrecommendedbythevehiclemanufacturer.Usingthewrongtypeoffluidormixingdifferentformulationscancausecompatibilityissuesandcompromisetheperformanceanddurabilityofthetransmissionsystem.

Theuseofsyntheticorsemi-syntheticATFformulationscanofferseveraladvantagesoverconventionalmineral-basedfluids,suchasimprovedthermalandoxidationstability,enhancedlubricity,andreducedfrictionallosses.However,thehighercostofsyntheticfluidsshouldbeconsideredinrelationtothepotentialbenefitsand